1,1-Dichloroethane
May 1994
Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH)
CAS number: 75–34–3
NIOSH REL: 100 ppm (400 mg/m3) TWA
Current OSHA PEL: 100 ppm (400 mg/m3) TWA
1989 OSHA PEL: Same as current PEL
1993-1994 ACGIH TLV: 100 ppm (400 mg/m3) TWA
Description of Substance: Colorless, oily liquid with a chloroform-like odor.
LEL:. . 5.4% (10% LEL, 5,400 ppm)
Original (SCP) IDLH: 4,000 ppm
Basis for original (SCP) IDLH: Patty [1963] reported that rats survived 8-hour exposures to 4,000 ppm, but died at 16,000 ppm [Smyth 1956]. However, 16,000 ppm has not been chosen as the IDLH because Kirk-Othmer [1964] indicated that 1,1-dichloroethane causes narcosis. For this draft technical standard, 4,000 ppm is chosen as the IDLH.
Short-term exposure guidelines: None developed
ACUTE TOXICITY DATA
Lethal concentration data:
Species |
Reference |
LC50 (ppm) |
LCLo (ppm) |
Time |
Adjusted 0.5-hr LC (CF) |
Derived value |
| Rat Mouse Rat |
Carpenter et al. 1949 Mueller 1925 Smyth 1956 |
----- ----- ----- |
16,000 17,300 16,000 |
4 hr 2 hr 8 hr |
32,000 ppm (2.0) 27,680 ppm (1.6) 40,000 ppm (2.5) |
3,200 ppm 2,768 ppm 4,000 ppm |
Human data: None relevant for use in determining the revised IDLH.
| Revised IDLH: 3,000 ppm Basis for revised IDLH: The revised IDLH for 1,1-dichloroethane is 3,000 ppm based on acute inhalation toxicity data in animals [Carpenter et al. 1949; Mueller 1925]. |
REFERENCES:
1. Carpenter CP, Smyth HF Jr, Pozzani UC [1949]. The assay of acute vapor toxicity, and the grading and interpretation of results on 96 chemical compounds. J Ind Hyg Toxicol 31:343-346.
2. Kirk-Othmer [1964]. Encyclopedia of chemical technology. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 5:92-98.
3. Mueller J [1925]. Comparative investigations on the anesthetic and toxic effects of some halogenated hydrocarbons. Arch Exp Pathol Pharmakol 109:276-294 (in German). [From ACGIH [1991]. 1,1-Dichloroethane. In: Documentation of the threshold limit values and biological exposure indices. 6th ed. Cincinnati, OH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, pp. 425-428.]
4. Patty FA, ed. [1963]. Industrial hygiene and toxicology. 2nd rev. ed. Vol. II. Toxicology. New York, NY: Interscience Publishers, Inc., pp. 1279-1280.
5. Smyth HF Jr [1956]. Improved communication: hygienic standards for daily inhalation. Am Ind Hyg Assoc Q 17(2):129-185.