1-Nitropropane
May 1994
Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH)
CAS number: 108–03–2
NIOSH REL: 25 ppm (90 mg/m3) TWA
Current OSHA PEL: 25 ppm (90 mg/m3) TWA
1989 OSHA PEL: Same as current PEL
1993-1994 ACGIH TLV: 25 ppm (91 mg/m3) TWA
Description of substance: Colorless liquid with a somewhat disagreeable odor.
LEL: . . 2.2% (10% LEL, 2,200 ppm)
Original (SCP) IDLH: 2,300 ppm
Basis for original (SCP) IDLH: The chosen IDLH is based on an analogy with 2-nitropropane which has an IDLH of 2,300 ppm. The animal data for 1-nitropropane given in Patty [1963] (i.e., 5,000 ppm for 3 hours killed 2 of 2 rabbits and 2 of 2 guinea pigs; 10,000 ppm for 1 hour killed 0 of 2 rabbits and 2 of 2 guinea pigs [Machle et al. 1940]) have not been used to determine the IDLH for 1-nitropropane because cats, which were far more susceptible to 2-nitropropane than guinea pigs or rabbits, were not used to study the effects of 1-nitropropane.
Short-term exposure guidelines: None developed
ACUTE TOXICITY DATA:
Lethal concentration data:
| Species | Reference | LC50 (ppm) | LCLo (ppm) | Time | Adjusted 0.5-hr LC (CF) |
Derived value |
| Rabbit | Marhold 1986 | LC100: 5,000 | ----- | 3 hr | 9,000 ppm (1.8) | 900 ppm |
| Rabbit | Machle et al. 1940 | LC100: 5,000 | ----- | 3 hr | 9,000 ppm (1.8) | 900 ppm |
| G. pig | Machle et al. 1940 | LC100: 5,000 | ----- | 3 hr | 9,000 ppm (1.8) | 900 ppm |
| G. pig | Machle et al. 1940 | LC100: 10,000 | ----- | 1 hr | 12,500 ppm (1.25) | 1,250 ppm |
| Rat | NPIRI 1974 | 3,100 | ----- | 8 hr | 7,750 ppm (2.5) | 775 ppm |
Lethal dose data:
| Species | Reference | Route | LD50 (mg/kg) | LDLo (mg/kg) | Adjusted LD | Derived value |
| Mouse Rabbit Rat |
Gig Sanit 1967 Machle 1940 NPIRI 1974 |
oral oral oral |
800 ----- 455 |
----- 250 ----- |
1,514 ppm 473 ppm 861 ppm |
151 ppm 47 ppm 86 ppm |
Other animal data: It has been reported that rabbits survived a 1-hour exposure to 10,000 ppm [Machle et al. 1940].
Human data: Volunteers found brief exposures to concentrations exceeding 100 ppm to cause eye irritation [Silverman et al. 1946].
| Revised IDLH: 1,000 ppm Basis for revised IDLH: The revised IDLH for 1-nitropropane is 1,000 ppm based on acute inhalation toxicity data in animals [Machle et al. 1940; Marhold 1986; NPIRI 1974]. This may be a conservative value due to the lack of relevant acute toxicity data in workers exposed to concentrations above 100 ppm. |
REFERENCES:
1. Gig Sanit [1967]; 32(9):9 (in Russian).
2. Machle W, Scott EW, Treon J [1940]. The physiological response of animals to some simple mononitroparaffins and to certain derivatives of these compounds. J Ind Hyg Toxicol 22(8):315-332.
3. Marhold J [1986]. Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie, Organicke Latky. Prague, Czechoslovakia: Avicenum, p. 404 (in Czechoslovakian).
4. NPIRI [1974]. Raw materials data handbook, physical and chemical properties, fire hazard and health hazard data. Vol. 1. Organic solvents. Bethlehem, PA: National Printing Ink Research Institute, p. 91.
5. Patty FA, ed. [1963]. Industrial hygiene and toxicology. 2nd rev. ed. Vol. II. Toxicology. New York, NY: Interscience Publishers, Inc., pp. 2077-2078.
6. Silverman L, Schulte HF, First MW [1946]. Further studies on sensory response to certain industrial solvent vapors. J Ind Hyg Toxicol 28:262-266.