Sodium fluoride
RTECS #
WB0350000
CAS #
Updated
March 2019
Molecular Weight
41.99
Molecular Formula
FNa
Synonyms
Alcoa sodium fluoride
Antibulit
Cavi-trol
Chemifluor
Credo
Disodium difluoride
F1-Tabs
FDA 0101
Floridine
Florocid
Flozenges
Fluoral
Fluorid sodny (Czech)
Fluoride, sodium
Fluorident
Fluorigard
Fluorineed
Fluorinse
Fluoritab
Fluorocid
Fluor-O-kote
Fluorol
Fluorure de sodium (French)
Flura
Flura drops
Flura-gel
Flura-loz
Flurcare
Flursol
Fungol B
GEL II
Gelution
Gleem
Iradicav
Karidium
Karigel
Kari-rinse
Lea-Cov
Lemoflur
Luride
Luride lozi-tabs
Luride-SF
Na frinse
Nafeen
NaFpak
Natrium fluoride
NCI-C55221
Nufluor
Ossalin
Ossin
Pediaflor
Pedident
Pennwhite
Pergantene
Phos-Flur
Point two
Predent
Rafluor
Rescue squad
Roach salt
Sodium fluoride cyclic dimer
Sodium fluorure (French)
Sodium hydrofluoride
Sodium monofluoride
SO-Flo
Stay-Flo
Studafluor
Super-dent
T-Fluoride
Thera-flur
Thera-flur-N
Trisodium trifluoride
Antibulit
Cavi-trol
Chemifluor
Credo
Disodium difluoride
F1-Tabs
FDA 0101
Floridine
Florocid
Flozenges
Fluoral
Fluorid sodny (Czech)
Fluoride, sodium
Fluorident
Fluorigard
Fluorineed
Fluorinse
Fluoritab
Fluorocid
Fluor-O-kote
Fluorol
Fluorure de sodium (French)
Flura
Flura drops
Flura-gel
Flura-loz
Flurcare
Flursol
Fungol B
GEL II
Gelution
Gleem
Iradicav
Karidium
Karigel
Kari-rinse
Lea-Cov
Lemoflur
Luride
Luride lozi-tabs
Luride-SF
Na frinse
Nafeen
NaFpak
Natrium fluoride
NCI-C55221
Nufluor
Ossalin
Ossin
Pediaflor
Pedident
Pennwhite
Pergantene
Phos-Flur
Point two
Predent
Rafluor
Rescue squad
Roach salt
Sodium fluoride cyclic dimer
Sodium fluorure (French)
Sodium hydrofluoride
Sodium monofluoride
SO-Flo
Stay-Flo
Studafluor
Super-dent
T-Fluoride
Thera-flur
Thera-flur-N
Trisodium trifluoride
Skin and Eye Irritation and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| eye /rabbit | 20 mg/24H | moderate | 28ZPAK -,20,1972 |
Mutation Data and Reference
| System Test | Route/Organism/Tissue | Dose | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cytogenetic Analysis | fibroblast/human | 20 mg/L | MUREAV 139,193,1984 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | lymphocyte/human | 20 mg/L | MUTAEX 2,497,1987 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | other cell types/human | 952 µmol/L | TIVIEQ 5,353,1991 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | bone marrow/rat | 100 nmol/L | MUREAV 343,67,1995 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | other cell types/rat | 500 µmol/L | MUREAV 368,7,1996 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | intraperitoneal/mouse | 10 mg/kg | CARYAB 40,79,1987 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | oral/mouse | 1 ppm/3W-continuous | FLUOA4 15,110,1982 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | other cell types/mouse | 200 mg/L | AEHLAU 29,230,1974 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | subcutaneous/mouse | 40 mg/kg | CARYAB 40,79,1987 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | embryo/hamster | 50 mg/L | CNREA8 44,938,1984 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | lung/hamster | 25 mg/L | CYTOAN 52,889,1987 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | ovary/hamster | 50 mg/L | MUREAV 223,191,1989 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | other cell types/domestic animal | 25 mg/L | AEHLAU 29,230,1974 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | lung/mammal (species unspecified) | 300 µmol/L | HKXUDL 3,94,1983 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | other cell types/cattle | 10 mg/L | AEHLAU 29,230,1974 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | lymphocyte/mammal (species unspecified) | 4 mmol/L | MUREAV 301,183,1993 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | lymphocyte/human | 34 µmol/L/24H | FCTOD7 48,1234,2010 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | oral/mouse | 24000 mg/kg/30D- intermittent | MUREAV 751,59,2013 |
| DNA Damage | fibroblast/human | 0.1 mmol/L/24H | TIVIEQ 26,1056,2012 |
| DNA Damage | fibroblast/mouse | 0.1 mmol/L/24H | TIVIEQ 26,1056,2012 |
| DNA Damage | lymphocyte/human | 34 µmol/L/24H | FCTOD7 48,1234,2010 |
| DNA Damage | oral/mouse | 24000 mg/kg/30D- intermittent | MUREAV 751,59,2013 |
| DNA Damage | embryo/rat | 40 mg/L/24H | TOLED5 179,1,2008 |
| DNA Damage | other cell types/human | 5 mmol/L/24H | TOXRE* 2,461,2015 |
| DNA Damage | liver/rat | 1 mmol/L | MUREAV 368,59,1996 |
| DNA inhibition | fibroblast/human | 100 mg/L | MUREAV 279,109,1992 |
| DNA inhibition | lung/human | 100 mg/L | MUREAV 279,109,1992 |
| DNA repair | /Bacillus subtilis | 86 mg/L | WATRAG 14,1613,1980 |
| micronucleus test | oral/mouse | 40 mg/kg | ICHUDW 8(5),39,1986 |
| micronucleus test | intraperitoneal/mouse | 10 mg/kg | CARYAB 40,79,1987 |
| micronucleus test | ovary/hamster | 1 mmol/L | MUREAV 367,99,1996 |
| micronucleus test | oral/mouse | 72000 mg/kg/30D- intermittent | MUREAV 751,59,2013 |
| micronucleus test | fibroblast/human | 0.1 mmol/L/24H | TIVIEQ 26,1056,2012 |
| micronucleus test | fibroblast/mouse | 1.0 mmol/L/24H | TIVIEQ 26,1056,2012 |
| morphological transform | fibroblast/mouse | 24 mg/L/10D | MUREAV 702,100,2010 |
| morphological transform | embryo/hamster | 25 mg/L | TIVIEQ 2,103,1988 |
| mutation in mammalian somatic cells | lymphocyte/mouse | 20 mg/L/16H | MUTAEX 1,157,1986 |
| mutation in mammalian somatic cells | lymphocyte/human | 440 mg/L | MUREAV 196,61,1988 |
| mutation in microorganisms | lymphocyte/mouse | 300 µg/L (+enzymatic activation step) | MUREAV 187,165,1987 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Salmonella typhimurium | 1 mg/plate (+enzymatic activation step) | CYGEDX 16(6),41,1982 |
| other mutation test systems | lung/hamster | 100 mg/L | MUREAV 279,109,1992 |
| other mutation test systems | subcutaneous/rat | 200 mmol/L | EXPEAM 35,71,1979 |
| sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction | oral/Drosophila melanogaster | 5 pph/24H | FLUOA4 6,113,1973 |
| sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction | multiple/Drosophila melanogaster | 60 µg/L | GNAMAP 15,36,1976 |
| sister chromatid exchange | intraperitoneal/mouse | 40 mg/kg | ICHUDW 8(5),39,1986 |
| sister chromatid exchange | lung/mammal (species unspecified) | 3 mmol/L | HKXUDL 3,94,1983 |
| sister chromatid exchange | embryo/hamster | 80 mg/L | CNREA8 44,938,1984 |
| sister chromatid exchange | ovary/hamster | 66700 µg/L | NTPTR* NTP-TR-393,1990 |
| sister chromatid exchange | fibroblast/human | 0.1 mmol/L/24H | TIVIEQ 26,1056,2012 |
| sister chromatid exchange | fibroblast/mouse | 1.0 mmol/L/24H | TIVIEQ 26,1056,2012 |
| sperm morphology | oral/rat | 1225 mg/kg/7W- intermittent | MUREAV 792,35,2015 |
| sperm morphology | oral/mouse | 405.328 mg/kg/8W-continuous | FCTOD7 94,103,2016 |
| sperm morphology | intraperitoneal/mouse | 10 mg/kg/5D-continuous | CARYAB 40,79,1987 |
| Unscheduled DNA Synthesis | embryo/hamster | 10 mg/L | CNREA8 44,938,1984 |
| Unscheduled DNA Synthesis | fibroblast/human | 100 mg/L | MUREAV 139,193,1984 |
| Unscheduled DNA Synthesis | other cell types/hamster | 200 mg/L | MUREAV 140,43,1984 |
| Unscheduled DNA Synthesis | liver/rat | 36 mg/L | MUREAV 172,77,1986 |
Reproductive Effects Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| intraperitoneal/rat | 9 mg/kg (10-18D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Extra embryonic structures (e.g., placenta, umbilical cord) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death | AOBIAR 17,371,1972 |
| intratesticular/rat | 400 µg/kg (1D male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | REPTED 5,505,1991 |
| oral/mouse | 1240 mg/kg (8W male/8W pre-5D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Female fertility index (e.g., # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Stillbirth | JONUAI 103,1319,1973 |
| oral/mouse | 620 mg/kg (multigenerations) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Other measures of fertility | JONUAI 103,1319,1973 |
| oral/mouse | 5600 µg/kg (14D after birth) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Skin and skin appendages | 32XPAD -,83,1975 |
| oral/mouse | 300 ng/kg (30D male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Male fertility index (e.g., # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females) | FLUOA4 25,71,1992 |
| oral/rabbit | 8800 mg/kg (125W male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | JRPFA4 92,353,1991 |
| oral/rat | 12.9 mg/kg (multigeneration) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other postnatal measures or effects | FCTOD7 39,601,2001 |
| oral/rat | 3.4 mg/kg (multigeneration)) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | FCTOD7 39,867,2001 |
| oral/rat | 28 mg/kg (multigeneration)) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | FCTOD7 39,867,2001 |
| oral/rat | 560 mg/kg (6-19D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalities Reproductive: Maternal effects: Uterus, cervix, vagina | NETEEC 23,197,2001 |
| oral/rat | 1.52 gm/kg (6-22D preg/21D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic | FCTOD7 40,1781,2002 |
| oral/rat | 680 mg/kg (6-22D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic | FCTOD7 40,551,2001 |
| oral/rat | 680 mg/kg (6-22D preg/21D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral | FCTOD7 40,1781,2002 |
| oral/rat | 1520 mg/kg (6-22D preg/21D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic | FCTOD7 40,551,2002 |
| oral/rat | 210 mg/kg (multigeneration) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other postnatal measures or effects | HETOEA 24,79,2005 |
| oral/rat | 560 mg/kg (28D male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) | REPTED 22,606,2006 |
| oral/rat | 300 mg/kg (60D male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive: Other effects on male | TOXID9 -,233,2008 |
| oral/rat | 2287.19 mg/kg (multigenerations) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system | NETEEC 32,536,2010 |
| oral/rat | 129 mg/kg (multigenerations) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Respiratory system | TIHEEC 22,375,2006 |
| oral/rat | 36 mg/kg (180D male) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Male fertility index (e.g., # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females) | TIHEEC 23,507,2007 |
| oral/rat | 2250 mg/kg (180D prior to copulation) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Mating performance (e.g., # sperm positive females per # females mated; # copulations per # estrus cycles) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Female fertility index (e.g., # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated) | FCTOD7 56,297,2013 |
| oral/rat | 2250 mg/kg (180D prior to copulation) | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Ovaries, fallopian tubes Reproductive: Other effects on female | FCTOD7 56,297,2013 |
| oral/rat | 3375 mg/kg (180D prior to copulation) | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Ovaries, fallopian tubes Reproductive: Maternal effects: Uterus, cervix, vagina Reproductive: Other effects on female | FCTOD7 56,297,2013 |
| oral/rat | 305 mg/kg (multigenerations) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Germ cell effects (in offspring) | TXAPA9 271,206,2013 |
| oral/mouse | 3750 mg/kg (12W prior to copulation) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | TXAPA9 310,205,2016 |
| oral/rat | 220 mg/kg (10D prior to copulation/22D preg/56D after birth) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Germ cell effects (in offspring) | ENVPAF 212,97,2016 |
| oral/rat | 150 mg/kg (30D male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Male fertility index (e.g., # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females) | JEBIDP 13,55,1992 |
| oral/rat | 221 mg/kg (1-20D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) | JONUAI 101,525,1971 |
| oral/rat | 240 mg/kg (11-14D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | NIPOAC 73,1900,1969 |
| oral/rat | 128 mg/kg (85D prior to copulation) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral | CHPLAB 18,290,1989 |
| oral/rat | 255 mg/kg (85D prior to copulation) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system | CHPLAB 18,290,1989 |
| oral/rat | 150 mg/kg (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Maternal- fetal exchange | WDZAEK 7,121,1993 |
| subcutaneous/rat | 90 mg/kg (10-18D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Extra embryonic structures (e.g., placenta, umbilical cord) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death | AOBIAR 17,371,1972 |
Tumorigenic Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 14 mg/kg/43W- continuous | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages: Tumors | IMEMDT 27,237,1982 |
| oral/mouse | toxic dose: 140 mg/kg/43W- continuous | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages: Tumors | IMEMDT 27,237,1982 |
| oral/mouse | toxic dose: 4200 mg/kg/30W- continuous | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages: Tumors | IMEMDT 27,237,1982 |
| oral/mouse | toxic dose: 2190 mg/kg/2Y- continuous | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages: Tumors | IMEMDT 27,237,1982 |
| oral/mouse | toxic dose: 4217 mg/kg/30W- continuous | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages: Tumors | IMEMDT 27,237,1982 |
| oral/mouse | toxic dose: 4242 mg/kg/30W- continuous | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages: Tumors | IMEMDT 27,237,1982 |
| oral/mouse | toxic dose: 4368 mg/kg/30W- continuous | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages: Tumors | IMEMDT 27,237,1982 |
| oral/mouse | toxic dose: 87 gm/kg/97W- continuous | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages: Tumors | IMEMDT 27,237,1982 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 7570.5 mg/kg/103W- continuous | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Musculoskeletal: Changes in teeth and supporting structures Musculoskeletal: Tumors | NTIS** PB91-178137 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 12617 mg/kg/2Y- continuous | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Endocrine: Thyroid tumors Musculoskeletal: Tumors | NTPTR* NTP-TR-393,1990 |
Acute Toxicity Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| In Vitro/bax | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1 mmol/L/1H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | TOLED5 229,126,2014 |
| In Vitro/bax | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 0.5 mmol/L/10M | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity (prelabeled cells): release of radioactive isotopes ([51Cr], [3H]-thymidine, [3H]-proline, [35S]- or [75Se]-methionine, 5-[125I]-2-deoxy-uridine) or fluorescent dyes (bis-carboxyethyl-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) or calcein-AM) | TOLED5 229,126,2014 |
| In Vitro/Chicken, neurons | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 9677 µmol/L/21H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 7,653,1993 |
| In Vitro/Chicken, neurons | Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 3724 µmol/L/21H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 7,653,1993 |
| In Vitro/Chicken, neurons | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 3984 µmol/L/20H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | TIVIEQ 7,653,1993 |
| In Vitro/Chicken, neurons | Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 1686 µmol/L/20H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | TIVIEQ 7,653,1993 |
| In Vitro/Human, fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 10 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TXCYAC 287,131,2011 |
| In Vitro/Human, fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 25 mmol/L/6H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TXCYAC 287,131,2011 |
| In Vitro/Human, fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 40 mmol/L/3H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TXCYAC 287,131,2011 |
| In Vitro/Human, fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 4.05 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 26,1056,2012 |
| In Vitro/Human, fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1.0 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell proliferation: DNA incorporation, mitotic index etc. | TIVIEQ 26,1056,2012 |
| In Vitro/Human, fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 0.2 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 26,1056,2012 |
| In Vitro/Human, HeLa cell | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 137 mg/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) | TIVIEQ 5,225,1991 |
| In Vitro/Human, HeLa cell | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 140 mg/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell proliferation: DNA incorporation, mitotic index etc. | TIVIEQ 5,225,1991 |
| In Vitro/Human, HeLa cell | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 158 mg/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 5,225,1991 |
| In Vitro/Human, kidney | Inhibitor Concentration (20 percent kill): >100 µmol/L/2H | Endocrine: Other changes | TIVIEQ 40,66,2017 |
| In Vitro/Human, kidney | Inhibitor Concentration (20 percent kill): >100 µmol/L/2H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell metabolic activity: Alamar Blue assay etc. | TIVIEQ 40,66,2017 |
| In Vitro/Human, kidney tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 152 mg/L | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc. | TIVIEQ 27,1347,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 2.13 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 8,47,1994 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 7.95 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 8,47,1994 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 1.6 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 8,47,1994 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 4.37 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 8,47,1994 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 463 mg/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 27,1347,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 5 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell morphology: overgrowth of cell appendixes etc. In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro | FCTOD7 109,941,2017 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 5 mmol/L/1H | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Ca | FCTOD7 109,941,2017 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 5 mmol/L/6H | Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on mitochondrial function | FCTOD7 109,941,2017 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 5 mmol/L/3H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | FCTOD7 109,941,2017 |
| In Vitro/Human, monocyte | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 250 mg/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell metabolic activity: Alamar Blue assay etc. | FTRPAE 105,73,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, monocyte | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 3 µmol/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro | TOLED5 196,74,2010 |
| In Vitro/Human, monocyte | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1 µmol/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TOLED5 196,74,2010 |
| In Vitro/Human, neuroblastoma | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 5 ppm/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro | TOLED5 204,183,2011 |
| In Vitro/Human, neuroblastoma | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 50 ppm/8H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro | TOLED5 204,183,2011 |
| In Vitro/Human, neuroblastoma | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 80 ppm/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TOLED5 204,183,2011 |
| In Vitro/Human, neuroblastoma | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 5 ppm/36H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TOLED5 204,183,2011 |
| In Vitro/Human, neuroblastoma | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 50 ppm/4H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TOLED5 204,183,2011 |
| In Vitro/Human, neuroblastoma | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 667 mg/L | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc. | TIVIEQ 27,1347,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, neuroblastoma | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 80 mg/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | NETEEC 48,49,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, neuroblastoma | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 50 mg/L/24H | Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other | NETEEC 48,49,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, skin | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 45.6 mg/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | TIVIEQ 27,1347,2013 |
| In Vitro/jkh | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 2.5 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TXCYAC 287,131,2011 |
| In Vitro/jkh | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 5 mmol/L/6H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro | TXCYAC 287,131,2011 |
| In Vitro/jkh | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 10 mmol/L/3H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TXCYAC 287,131,2011 |
| In Vitro/jkh | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 20 mmol/L/2H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TXCYAC 287,131,2011 |
| In Vitro/jkh | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1 mmol/L/4H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro | TXCYAC 287,131,2011 |
| In Vitro/jna | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro | TOLED5 224,341,2014 |
| In Vitro/jpc | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1 µmol/L/48H | Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TXCYAC 295,23,2012 |
| In Vitro/jpf | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1 µmol/L/48H | Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TIVIEQ 29,1661,2015 |
| In Vitro/jzx | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 65.51 mg/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | TIVIEQ 25,1989,2011 |
| In Vitro/mki | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 4 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TXCYAC 308,138,2013 |
| In Vitro/mki | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 6 mmol/L/6H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TXCYAC 308,138,2013 |
| In Vitro/mki | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 4 mmol/L/12H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TXCYAC 308,138,2013 |
| In Vitro/mki | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 2 mmol/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TXCYAC 308,138,2013 |
| In Vitro/mki | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 4 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on mitochondrial function | TXCYAC 308,138,2013 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 234 mg/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 27,1347,2013 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 76.4 mg/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | TIVIEQ 27,1347,2013 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 0.2 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 26,1056,2012 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1.0 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell proliferation: DNA incorporation, mitotic index etc. | TIVIEQ 26,1056,2012 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 3.82 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 26,1056,2012 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 1.52 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 8,47,1994 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 3.42 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 8,47,1994 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, leukemia cells | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 2 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TXAPA9 259,329,2012 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, macrophage | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 50 mg/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell metabolic activity: Alamar Blue assay etc. In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 34,81,2016 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, macrophage | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 65 mg/L/4H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell metabolic activity: Alamar Blue assay etc. In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 34,81,2016 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, macrophage | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 5 mg/L/24H | Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TIVIEQ 34,81,2016 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, macrophage | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 5 mg/L/4H | Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in cellular immune response | TIVIEQ 34,81,2016 |
| In Vitro/mqa | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 0.226 mg/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | FCTOD7 115,26,2018 |
| In Vitro/mqa | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 2.26 mg/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | FCTOD7 115,26,2018 |
| In Vitro/mqa | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 100 µmol/L/72H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | FCTOD7 50,583,2012 |
| In Vitro/Non-mammalian species, fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 14.02 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell counting | TIVIEQ 7,537,1993 |
| In Vitro/paa | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 149 µmol/L/44H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 27,1416,2013 |
| In Vitro/pax | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 100 µmol/L/72H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | FCTOD7 50,583,2012 |
| In Vitro/pax | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 250 µmol/L/72H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | FCTOD7 50,583,2012 |
| In Vitro/ppb | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 4 mmol/L/1H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity (prelabeled cells): release of radioactive isotopes ([51Cr], [3H]-thymidine, [3H]-proline, [35S]- or [75Se]-methionine, 5-[125I]-2-deoxy-uridine) or fluorescent dyes (bis-carboxyethyl-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) or calcein-AM) | TIVIEQ 25,1609,2011 |
| In Vitro/ppb | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 0.5 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity (prelabeled cells): release of radioactive isotopes ([51Cr], [3H]-thymidine, [3H]-proline, [35S]- or [75Se]-methionine, 5-[125I]-2-deoxy-uridine) or fluorescent dyes (bis-carboxyethyl-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) or calcein-AM) | TIVIEQ 25,1609,2011 |
| In Vitro/ppb | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 0.5 mmol/L/5H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity (prelabeled cells): release of radioactive isotopes ([51Cr], [3H]-thymidine, [3H]-proline, [35S]- or [75Se]-methionine, 5-[125I]-2-deoxy-uridine) or fluorescent dyes (bis-carboxyethyl-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) or calcein-AM) | TIVIEQ 25,1609,2011 |
| In Vitro/ppb | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 2 mmol/L/1H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity (prelabeled cells): release of radioactive isotopes ([51Cr], [3H]-thymidine, [3H]-proline, [35S]- or [75Se]-methionine, 5-[125I]-2-deoxy-uridine) or fluorescent dyes (bis-carboxyethyl-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) or calcein-AM) | TIVIEQ 25,1609,2011 |
| In Vitro/ppb | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 8 mmol/L/5H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Hemolysis in vitro In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity (prelabeled cells): release of radioactive isotopes ([51Cr], [3H]-thymidine, [3H]-proline, [35S]- or [75Se]-methionine, 5-[125I]-2-deoxy-uridine) or fluorescent dyes (bis-carboxyethyl-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) or calcein-AM) | TIVIEQ 25,1609,2011 |
| In Vitro/ppb | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 4 mmol/L/1H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity (prelabeled cells): release of radioactive isotopes ([51Cr], [3H]-thymidine, [3H]-proline, [35S]- or [75Se]-methionine, 5-[125I]-2-deoxy-uridine) or fluorescent dyes (bis-carboxyethyl-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) or calcein-AM) | TIVIEQ 25,1609,2011 |
| In Vitro/ppb | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 0.5 mmol/L/1H | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Ca | TIVIEQ 25,1609,2011 |
| In Vitro/ppb | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 2 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity (prelabeled cells): release of radioactive isotopes ([51Cr], [3H]-thymidine, [3H]-proline, [35S]- or [75Se]-methionine, 5-[125I]-2-deoxy-uridine) or fluorescent dyes (bis-carboxyethyl-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) or calcein-AM) In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 25,1609,2011 |
| In Vitro/ppb | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 4 mmol/L/5H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity (prelabeled cells): release of radioactive isotopes ([51Cr], [3H]-thymidine, [3H]-proline, [35S]- or [75Se]-methionine, 5-[125I]-2-deoxy-uridine) or fluorescent dyes (bis-carboxyethyl-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) or calcein-AM) In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 25,1609,2011 |
| In Vitro/ppb | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 5 mmol/L/1H | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Ca In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro | TIVIEQ 27,2335,2013 |
| In Vitro/ppb | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1 mmol/L/1H | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphokinase | TIVIEQ 27,2335,2013 |
| In Vitro/pqa | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 0.5 mg/L/72H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro | TOLED5 200,133,2011 |
| In Vitro/pqa | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 0.5 mg/L/72H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TOLED5 200,133,2011 |
| In Vitro/pqa | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 0.5 mg/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TOLED5 200,133,2011 |
| In Vitro/qqa | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 9 mg/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | FCTOD7 116,189,2018 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 219 mg/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 27,1347,2013 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 0.164 mmol/L/10M | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases | TIVIEQ 27,2279,2013 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 0.082 mmol/L/30M | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases | TIVIEQ 27,2279,2013 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 0.164 mmol/L/10M | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 25,1269,2011 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 1.67 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 8,47,1994 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 2.79 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 8,47,1994 |
| In Vitro/Rat, lung | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 0.029 gm/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity (prelabeled cells): release of radioactive isotopes ([51Cr], [3H]-thymidine, [3H]-proline, [35S]- or [75Se]-methionine, 5-[125I]-2-deoxy-uridine) or fluorescent dyes (bis-carboxyethyl-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) or calcein-AM) | TIVIEQ 7,111,1993 |
| In Vitro/Rat, lung | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 0.16 gm/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 7,111,1993 |
| In Vitro/Rat, lung | Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 0.009 gm/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity (prelabeled cells): release of radioactive isotopes ([51Cr], [3H]-thymidine, [3H]-proline, [35S]- or [75Se]-methionine, 5-[125I]-2-deoxy-uridine) or fluorescent dyes (bis-carboxyethyl-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) or calcein-AM) | TIVIEQ 7,111,1993 |
| In Vitro/Rat, lung | Inhibitor Concentration (75 percent kill): 0.063 gm/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity (prelabeled cells): release of radioactive isotopes ([51Cr], [3H]-thymidine, [3H]-proline, [35S]- or [75Se]-methionine, 5-[125I]-2-deoxy-uridine) or fluorescent dyes (bis-carboxyethyl-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) or calcein-AM) | TIVIEQ 7,111,1993 |
| In Vitro/Rat, lung | Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 0.02 gm/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 7,111,1993 |
| In Vitro/Rat, lung | Inhibitor Concentration (75 percent kill): 0.58 gm/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 7,111,1993 |
| intradermal/human | lowest published toxic dose: 14 µg/kg | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Paresthesia Immunological Including Allergic: Increased immune response | RMLIAC 12,408,1957 |
| intraperitoneal/Dog | lowest published lethal dose: 50 mg/kg | XEURAQ UR-154,1951 | |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 38 mg/kg | Gastrointestinal: Other changes Liver: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes | IMEMDT 27,237,1982 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published lethal dose: 151 mg/kg | JTCTDW 39,349,2001 | |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 22 mg/kg | XEURAQ UR-154,1951 | |
| intravenous/monkey | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 26600 µg/kg | APTOA6 22,99,1965 | |
| intravenous/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 50830 µg/kg | Gastrointestinal: Other changes Liver: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes | IMEMDT 27,237,1982 |
| intravenous/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 26 mg/kg | Olfaction: Tumors Eye: Other eye effects Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | TXAPA9 3,278,1961 |
| intravenous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 21 mg/kg | Endocrine: Hyperglycemia Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Ca Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: K | TIHEEC 23,5,2007 |
| oral/child | lowest published lethal dose: 8 mg/kg | HBPTO* 2,1409,2001 | |
| oral/domestic animal | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 100 mg/kg | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | NEZTAF 30,199,1982 |
| oral/human | lowest published toxic dose: 3.57 mg/kg | Gastrointestinal: Changes in structure or function of salivary glands Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting Gastrointestinal: Other changes | HBPTO* 2,1409,2001 |
| oral/human | lowest published lethal dose: 0.07 mg/kg | Cardiac: Arrythmias (indlucing changes in conduction) Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Recording from peripheral motor nerve Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting | VCVN5* -,355,1993 |
| oral/human | lowest published toxic dose: 214 µg/kg | Behavioral: Headache Gastrointestinal: Changes in structure or function of salivary glands Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea | RMLIAC 12,408,1957 |
| oral/human | lowest published lethal dose: 71 mg/kg | Behavioral: Tremor Musculoskeletal: Changes in teeth and supporting structures Musculoskeletal: Other changes | 85KYAH 11,1361,1989 |
| oral/human | lowest published lethal dose: 32 mg/kg | HBPTO* 2,1409,2001 | |
| oral/man | lowest published toxic dose: 1662 mg/kg | Cardiac: EKG changes not diagnostic of above Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting | JAMAAP 222,816,1972 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 8.4 µg/kg | Gastrointestinal: Decreased motility or constipation | ETPAEK 57,59,2005 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 34 µg/kg | Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea | ETPAEK 57,59,2005 |
| oral/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 44 mg/kg | HBPTO* 2,1409,2001 | |
| oral/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 200 mg/kg | JEENAI 61,751,1968 | |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 31 mg/kg | HBPTO* 2,1409,2001 | |
| oral/wild bird | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 110 mg/kg | AECTCV 16,483,1987 | |
| oral/woman | lowest published lethal dose: 90 mg/kg | Behavioral: Fluid intake Behavioral: Muscle weakness Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting | JAMAAP 81,811,1923 |
| oral/woman | lowest published lethal dose: 360 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cyanosis Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting | JAMAAP 100,97,1933 |
| oral/woman | lowest published toxic dose: 7 mg/kg | Eye: Ptosis Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cyanosis | BMJOAE 1,886,1936 |
| parenteral/rat | lowest published lethal dose: 40 mg/kg | Cardiac: Arrythmias (indlucing changes in conduction) | JTCTDW 46,401,2008 |
| parenteral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 9 mg/kg | Endocrine: Hyperglycemia Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) | VCVN5* -,354,1993 |
| parenteral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 35 mg/kg | Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Urine volume increased Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Glycolytic | VCVN5* -,355,1993 |
| skin/mouse | lowest published lethal dose: 300 mg/kg | AEPPAE 183,427,1936 | |
| subcutaneous/cat | lowest published lethal dose: 14 mg/kg | HBAMAK 4,1349,1935 | |
| subcutaneous/Dog | lowest published lethal dose: 155 mg/kg | HBAMAK 4,1349,1935 | |
| subcutaneous/frog | lowest published lethal dose: 448 mg/kg | CRSBAW 124,133,1937 | |
| subcutaneous/guinea pig | lowest published lethal dose: 100 mg/kg | HBAMAK 4,1349,1935 | |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 115 µg/kg | NYKZAU 68(3),55P-74P,1972 | |
| subcutaneous/rabbit | lowest published lethal dose: 100 mg/kg | HBAMAK 4,1349,1935 | |
| subcutaneous/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 175 mg/kg | OYYAA2 2,411,1968 |
Other Multiple Dose Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/mammal (species unspecified) | lowest published toxic concentration: 1 mg/m3/5H/17W- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Liver: Other changes Musculoskeletal: Changes in teeth and supporting structures | VCVN5* -,355,1989 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 1 mg/kg/5H/17W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Musculoskeletal: Changes in teeth and supporting structures Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: True cholinesterase | GTPZAB 24(1),15,1980 |
| intramuscular/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1520 mg/kg/38D- intermittent | Behavioral: Food intake (animal) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | FCTOD7 40,1781,2002 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 105 mg/kg/10D- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other transferases | TOLED5 7,463,1981 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 57.42 mg/kg/6W- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight Blood: Changes in cell count (unspecified) | FCTOD7 95,110,2016 |
| oral/chicken | lowest published toxic dose: 3500 mg/kg/50D- continuous | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral: Anorexia (human) | ETOPFR 13,199,2003 |
| oral/chicken | lowest published toxic dose: 2240 mg/kg/16D- continuous | Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning | ETOPFR 13,199,2003 |
| oral/chicken | lowest published toxic dose: 1960 mg/kg/1W- continuous | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Liver: Other changes Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | ETOPFR 13,199,2003 |
| oral/chicken | lowest published toxic dose: 4200 mg/kg/30D- continuous | Blood: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases | ETOPFR 13,199,2003 |
| oral/chicken | lowest published toxic dose: 2100 mg/kg/30D- continuous | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Catalases | ETOPFR 13,199,2003 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 160 mg/kg/14D- continuous | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | NTPTR* NTP-TR-393,1990 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 21840 mg/kg/26W- continuous | Musculoskeletal: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | NTPTR* NTP-TR-393,1990 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 402 mg/kg/35D- intermittent | Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count | TOLED5 44,21,1988 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 30 mg/kg/30D- continuous | Blood: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: True cholinesterase | WDZAEK 9,139,1995 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 480 mg/kg/120D- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | TOLED5 147,229,2004 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 150 mg/kg/30D- intermittent | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Ovaries, fallopian tubes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | FCTOD7 46,1138,2008 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 280 mg/kg/7D- continuous | Liver: Other changes Blood: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | FCTOD7 47,1184,2009 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 187.04 mg/kg/4W- intermittent | Endocrine: Hyperglycemia | TXCYAC 263,75,2009 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 24000 mg/kg/30D- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other transferases | MUREAV 751,59,2013 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 150 mg/kg/30D- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | TXCYAC 191,19,2003 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 405.328 mg/kg/8W- continuous | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | FCTOD7 94,103,2016 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 900 mg/kg/26W- continuous | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | CMSHAF 153,419,2016 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 0.3 gm/kg/15D- continuous | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Catalases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | FCTOD7 48,2838,2010 |
| oral/pig | lowest published toxic dose: 20000 mg/kg/50D- intermittent | Liver: Multiple effects Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | ARTODN 80,74,2006 |
| oral/rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 5460 mg/kg/78W- intermittent | Gastrointestinal: Malabsorption Blood: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Ca | ENVRAL 62,14,1993 |
| oral/rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 6930 mg/kg/99W- intermittent | Musculoskeletal: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Ca Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: P | ARTODN 67,573,1993 |
| oral/rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 3650 mg/kg/1Y- intermittent | Blood: Pigmented or nucleated red blood cells Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count | BECTA6 30,388,1983 |
| oral/rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 1327 mg/kg/30D- intermittent | Blood: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other transferases | JJATDK 5,11,1985 |
| oral/rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 406 mg/kg/14D- continuous | Behavioral: Food intake (animal) Behavioral: Fluid intake Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | NTIS** #PB94-142684 |
| oral/rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 200 mg/kg/20D- intermittent | Blood: Normocytic anemia Blood: Changes in other cell count (unspecified) Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count | TOXRE* 4,450,2017 |
| oral/rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 200 mg/kg/20D- intermittent | Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count Blood: Changes in platelet count | TOXRE* 4,450,2017 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1800 mg/kg/60D- continuous | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases | FCTOD7 118,235,2018 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1800 mg/kg/60D- continuous | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other transferases Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | FCTOD7 118,235,2018 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 36 mg/kg/180D- continuous | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Related to Chronic Data: Changes in prostate weight Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | TIHEEC 23,507,2007 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1125 mg/kg/60D- continuous | Endocrine: Evidence of thyroid hypofunction Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | TIHEEC 25,49,2009 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 562.5 mg/kg/30D- continuous | Endocrine: Evidence of thyroid hypofunction Endocrine: Changes in thyroid weight | TIHEEC 25,49,2009 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 350 mg/kg/35D- intermittent | Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), diffuse Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases | FCTOD7 50,972,2012 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 5 ppm/3M-continuous | Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Musculoskeletal: Changes in teeth and supporting structures Musculoskeletal: Other changes | TOLED5 204,183,2011 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 5 ppm/6M-continuous | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Musculoskeletal: Changes in teeth and supporting structures Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | TOLED5 204,183,2011 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 50 ppm/3M-continuous | Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Musculoskeletal: Changes in teeth and supporting structures Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | TOLED5 204,183,2011 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 270 mg/kg/10D- continuous | Behavioral: Food intake (animal) Behavioral: Fluid intake Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | NTIS** #PB95-110193 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 580 mg/kg/29D- intermittent | Endocrine: Androgenic Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | REPTED 16,385,2003 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 580 mg/kg/29D- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | REPTED 16,385,2003 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 580 mg/kg/29D- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Catalases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases | REPTED 16,385,2003 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 580 mg/kg/29D- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands Related to Chronic Data: Changes in prostate weight | REPTED 16,385,2003 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 400 mg/kg/10D- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | FCTOD7 40,1781,2002 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 240 mg/kg/6D- intermittent | Behavioral: Food intake (animal) | FCTOD7 40,1781,2002 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 15200 mg/kg/38D- intermittent | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Endocrine: Hypoglycemia Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: K | FCTOD7 40,1781,2002 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1520 mg/kg/38D- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Na Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Ca Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: K | FCTOD7 40,551,2002 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 366 mg/kg/122D- continuous | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | NETEEC 24,751,2002 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 630 mg/kg/210D- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | TXCYAC 200,169,2004 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2100 mg/kg/210D- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | TXCYAC 200,169,2004 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2.8 mg/kg/8W- intermittent | Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in both tubules and glomeruli Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | TXCYAC 204,219,2004 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 5.6 mg/kg/8W- intermittent | Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in both tubules and glomeruli Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | TXCYAC 204,219,2004 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 9.2 gm/kg/47W- continuous | Behavioral: Fluid intake Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | FCTOD7 39,867,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 18.8 gm/kg/47W- continuous | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | FCTOD7 39,867,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1.2 gm/kg/60D- intermittent | Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) Blood: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: True cholinesterase | ETOPFR 6,187,1998 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 639 mg/kg/30W- continuous | Liver: Other changes | TXCYAC 146,161,2000 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 420 mg/kg/6W- continuous | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) | NETEEC 17,169,1995 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 500 mg/kg/5D- continuous | Behavioral: Food intake (animal) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | TXAPA9 3,290,1961 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 603 mg/kg/26W- intermittent | Musculoskeletal: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Ca Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases | GISAAA 39(1),17,1974 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1500 mg/kg/60D- intermittent | Gastrointestinal: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | BECTA6 37,70,1986 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 8.7 mg/kg/30D- intermittent | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Uterus, cervix, vagina | TXCYAC 231,215,2007 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1820 mg/kg/13W- intermittent | Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport Musculoskeletal: Other changes | BCLPT* 92,162,2004 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 560 mg/kg/28D- intermittent | Endocrine: Androgenic Endocrine: Other changes Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | REPTED 22,606,2006 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 560 mg/kg/28D- intermittent | Endocrine: Change in LH Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands | REPTED 22,606,2006 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1.238 gm/kg/8W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | TOLED5 160,69,2005 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1237.6 mg/kg/8W- continuous | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | TOLED5 160,69,2005 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 527.1 mg/kg/21D- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | TJADAB 49,417,1994 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1260 mg/kg/10W- continuous | Behavioral: Fluid intake | FCTOD7 39,601,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1617 mg/kg/10W- continuous | Behavioral: Food intake (animal) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | FCTOD7 39,601,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 217.86 mg/kg/0.5Y- continuous | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: Alteration of operant conditioning Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | TOLED5 192,324,2010 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 139.16 mg/kg/4W- continuous | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Liver: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes | FCTOD7 48,1607,2010 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 360.5 mg/kg/5W- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | FCTOD7 47,2332,2009 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 350 mg/kg/35D- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Emphysema Gastrointestinal: Changes in structure or function of exocrine pancreas Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | FCTOD7 47,2544,2009 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 280 mg/kg/8W- intermittent | Reproductive: Other effects on male Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on mitochondrial function | TXAPA9 230,352,2008 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 70 mg/kg/10W- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | TXCYAC 254,61,2008 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 250 mg/kg/20D- continuous | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: True cholinesterase | TOLED5 196S,S53,2010 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 375 mg/kg/30D- continuous | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | TOLED5 196S,S53,2010 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 600 mg/kg/30D- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other | FCTOD7 66,224,2014 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 126 mg/kg/21D- continuous | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), diffuse Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other | FCTOD7 70,191,2014 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 0.73 gm/kg/1Y- continuous | Blood: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphokinase | TIVIEQ 27,2335,2013 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 910 mg/kg/26W- continuous | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | TOLED5 225,318,2014 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2250 mg/kg/180D- continuous | Endocrine: Change in LH Endocrine: Other changes Related to Chronic Data: Changes in ovarian weight | FCTOD7 56,297,2013 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3375 mg/kg/180D- continuous | Endocrine: Other changes Related to Chronic Data: Changes in ovarian weight Related to Chronic Data: Changes in uterine weight | FCTOD7 56,297,2013 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 910 mg/kg/26W- continuous | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other | NETEEC 48,49,2015 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1225 mg/kg/7W- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | MUREAV 792,35,2015 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1225 mg/kg/7W- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | MUREAV 792,35,2015 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 819.8 mg/kg/12W- continuous | FCTOD7 62,566,2013 | |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 230.4 mg/kg/40D- continuous | TXAPA9 272,888,2013 | |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 819.8 mg/kg/12W- intermittent | FCTOD7 62,566,2013 | |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 600 mg/kg/30D- intermittent | Musculoskeletal: Osteoporosis | TXCYAC 325,52,2014 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 80 mg/kg/4D- intermittent | Gastrointestinal: Changes in structure or function of exocrine pancreas Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | ARTODN 83,151,2009 |
| unreported route/domestic animal | lowest published toxic dose: 700 mg/kg/10W- continuous | Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | IVEJAC 66,1089,1989 |
Reviews
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 2.5 mg(F)/m3 | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-Not classifiable as a human carcinogen | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence | IMEMDT 27,237,1982 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Animal Inadequate Evidence | IMEMDT 27,237,1982 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Group 3 | IMSUDL 7,208,1987 |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ADVPA3 4,263,1966 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | AMSSAQ 400,5,1963 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FNSCA6 2,67,1973 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | IMSUAI 19,535,1950 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | EMMUEG 39,69,2002 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ENTOX* -,342,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 584,1,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 658,124,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 25,192,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 22,161,2007 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 29,1,2010 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 723,108,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 721,27,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 223,236,2013 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 802,1,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 58,395,2010 |
Standards and Regulations
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION | FEREAC 54,7740,1989 | |
| Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1998 STATUS OF PESTICIDES | Supported | RBREV* -,278,1998 |
| Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-air | time-weighted average 2.5 mg(F)/m3 | DTLVS* 3,116,1971 |
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV; | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA | time-weighted average 2.5 mg(F)/m3, JUL2008 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | time-weighted average 2.5 mg(F)/m3, MAR2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-EC | time-weighted average 2.5 mg(F)/m3, JUN2000 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND | time-weighted average 2.5 mg(F)/m3, NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE | VME 2 mg/m3, FEB2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE | VME 2.5 mg(F)/m3, FEB2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-GERMANY | MAK 1 mg(F)/m3, inhal, 2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARY | time-weighted average 2.5 mg(F)/m3, short term exposure limit 10 mg(F)/m3, Skin, SEP2000 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA | time-weighted average 2.5 mg/m3, 2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO | time-weighted average 2.5 mg(F)/m3, 2004 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND | time-weighted average 2.5 mg(F)/m3, JAN2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAY | time-weighted average 0.6 mg(F)/m3, JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-POLAND | MAC(time-weighted average) 1 mg(HF)/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) 3 mg(HF)/m3, JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA | time-weighted average 0.2 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 1 mg/m3, JUN2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDEN | time-weighted average 2 mg(F)/m3, JUN2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND | MAK-week 1 mg(F)/m3, KZG-week 4 mg(F)/m3, inhal, skin, JAN2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THAILAND | time-weighted average 2.5 mg(F)/m3, JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINES | time-weighted average 2.5 mg(F)/m3, JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-TURKEY | time-weighted average 2.5 mg(F)/m3, JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOM | time-weighted average 2.5 mg(F)/m3, OCT2007 | |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) | 8H time-weighted average 2.5 mg(F)/m3 | CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) | 8H time-weighted average 2.5 mg(F)/m3 | CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) | 8H time-weighted average 2.5 mg(F)/m3 | CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) | 8H time-weighted average 2.5 mg(F)/m3 | CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993 |
NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO FLUORIDES, INORGANIC-air | 10H time-weighted average 2.5 mg(F)/m3 | NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992 |
| National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 | Hazard Code 84425; Number of Industries 83; Total Number of Facilities 3970; Number of Occupations 69; Total Number of Employees Exposed 84776; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 26602 | |
| National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 | Hazard Code 84425; Number of Industries 50; Total Number of Facilities 3763; Number of Occupations 50; Total Number of Employees Exposed 25059 |
Status in Federal Agencies
Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018
Content
source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health