Propane, 1,2,3-trichloro-

RTECS #

TZ9275000

CAS #

96-18-4
See: NMAM or OSHA Methods

Updated

March 2018

Molecular Weight

147.43

Molecular Formula

C₃H₅Cl₃

Synonyms

1,2,3-Trichloropropane
1,2,3-Trichloropropane (ACGIH:OSHA)
Allyl trichloride
Glycerol trichlorohydrin
Glyceryl trichlorohydrin
NCI-C60220
Trichlorohydrin

Skin and Eye Irritation and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
eye /rabbit	100 µL	moderate	NTIS** OTS0534994
skin /rabbit	500 µL/24H	mild	NTIS** OTS0534994

Mutation Data and Reference

System Test	Route/Organism/Tissue	Dose	Reference
Cytogenetic Analysis	inhalation/rat	800 µg/L	BEXBAN 78,1414,1974
DNA Damage	lymphocyte/human	2 mmol/L	MUREAV 371,185,1996
DNA Damage	intraperitoneal/rat	55361 µg/kg	CRTOEC 4,528,1991
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	500 ng/plate (-enzymatic activation step)	ENMUDM 7(Suppl 3),15,1985
sister chromatid exchange	lung/hamster	300 µmol/L	ENMUDM 9,401,1987

Reproductive Effects Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
oral/rat	400 mg/kg (5D male)	Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth)	MUREAV 101,321,1982

Tumorigenic Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
oral/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 3120 mg/kg/2Y- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Gastrointestinal: Tumors Liver: Tumors	NTPTR* NTP-TR-384,1993
oral/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 3120 mg/kg/104W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Gastrointestinal: Tumors Liver: Tumors	NTIS** PB94-207784
oral/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 31200 mg/kg/104W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors Endocrine: Tumors	NTIS** PB94-207784
oral/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 1183 mg/kg/13W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors	MUREAV 746,135,2012
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 5200 mg/kg/2Y- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Gastrointestinal: Tumors Skin and Appendages: Tumors	NTPTR* NTP-TR-384,1993
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 1560 mg/kg/104W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Gastrointestinal: Tumors	NTIS** PB94-207784
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 15600 mg/kg/104W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Endocrine: Tumors Reproductive: Other reproductive system tumors	NTIS** PB94-207784
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 5200 mg/kg/104W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages: Tumors Reproductive: Other reproductive system tumors	NTIS** PB94-207784

Acute Toxicity Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
inhalation/mouse	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 3400 mg/m³/2H		VCVGH* -,397,1990
inhalation/rat	Lowest published lethal concentration: 500 ppm/4H		UCDS** 3/20/1973
oral/Dog	lowest published lethal dose: 200 mg/kg	Behavioral: Sleep Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal Liver: Fatty liver degeneration	AJHYA2 16,325,1932
oral/guinea pig	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 340 mg/kg	Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral: Ataxia Blood: Other changes	TKGMB8 124,27,1976
oral/mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 369 mg/kg	Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral: Ataxia Blood: Other changes	TKGMB8 124,27,1976
oral/rabbit	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 380 mg/kg	Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral: Ataxia Blood: Other changes	TKGMB8 124,27,1976
oral/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 108 µL/kg	Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea Liver: Other changes Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair	NTIS** OTS0534994
skin/rabbit	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 372 µL/kg	Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Gastrointestinal: Other changes	NTIS** OTS0534994

Other Multiple Dose Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
inhalation/mouse	lowest published toxic concentration: 3210 mg/m³/5H/23D- intermittent	Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain	VCVGH* -,398,1990
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 297 ppm/6H/4W- intermittent	Liver: Changes in liver weight Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight Related to Chronic Data: Changes in ovarian weight	JTEHD6 25,299,1988
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 2 mg/m³/24H/94D- continuous	Brain and Coverings: Recordings from specific areas of CNS Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: True cholinesterase	GISAAA 42(8),50,1977
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 15 ppm/6H/13W- intermittent	Eye: Lacrimation Liver: Changes in liver weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain	NTIS** OTS0542010
oral/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 5355 mg/kg/17W- intermittent	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Gastrointestinal: Other changes	NTPTR* NTP-TR-384,1993
oral/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 1519.7 mg/kg/13W- intermittent	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes	MUREAV 746,135,2012
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 2720 mg/kg/17W- intermittent	Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other esterases	NTPTR* NTP-TR-384,1993
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 1179 mg/kg/10D- intermittent	Cardiac: Other changes Liver: Changes in liver weight Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases	JJATDK 11,179,1991
unreported route/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 3210 mg/m³/90D- intermittent	Brain and Coverings: Changes in brain weight Liver: Changes in liver weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain	VCVGH* -,398,1990

Reviews

Organization	Standard	Reference
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)	Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 10 ppm (skin)	DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)	Threshold Limit Value-Confirmed animal carcinogen	DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence	IMEMDT 63,223,1995
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence	IMEMDT 63,223,1995
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Group 2A	IMEMDT 63,223,1995
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 543,201,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 567,151,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		FCTOD7 44,1699,2006
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 584,1,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		HTOPA* 1,501,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUTAEX 23,271,2008
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 705,184,2010
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		FCTOD7 48,1488,2010
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 751,49,2012

Standards and Regulations

Organization	Standard	Reference
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-air	time-weighted average 50 ppm (300 mg/m³)	DTLVS* 3,266,1971
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV;
Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA	time-weighted average 10 ppm (60 mg/m³), JUL2008
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIA	MAK-TMW 50 ppm (300 mg/m³);KZW 250 ppm (1500 mg/m³), 2007
Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM	time-weighted average 10 ppm (61 mg/m³), Skin, MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK	time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.6 mg/m³), skin, carc, MAY2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND	time-weighted average 3 ppm (18 mg/m³), skin, NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND	time-weighted average 10 ppm (60 mg/m³), skin, NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPAN	2A carc, MAY2012
Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA	time-weighted average 10 ppm (60 mg/m³), skin, 2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO	time-weighted average 50 ppm (300 mg/m³);short term exposure limit 75 ppm (450 mg/m³), 2004
Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND	time-weighted average 10 ppm (60 mg/m³), skin, JAN2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAY	time-weighted average 10 ppm (60 mg/m³), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA	short term exposure limit 2 mg/m³, JUN2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND	carc 2, JAN2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDS	MAC-TGG 0.108 mg/m³, Skin, 2003
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction)	8H time-weighted average 50 ppm (300 mg/m³)	CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors)	8H time-weighted average 50 ppm (300 mg/m³)	CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry)	8H time-weighted average 50 ppm (300 mg/m³)	CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards)	8H time-weighted average 50 ppm (300 mg/m³)	CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993

NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance

Organization	Standard	Reference
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO 1,2,3-TRICHLOROPROPANE-air	10H Carcinogen time-weighted average 10 ppm (Sk)	NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983	Hazard Code 73960; Number of Industries 1; Total Number of Facilities 3; Number of Occupations 7; Total Number of Employees Exposed 492; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 10
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974	Hazard Code 73960; Number of Industries 4; Total Number of Facilities 108; Number of Occupations 5; Total Number of Employees Exposed 490

Status in Federal Agencies

Organization	Reference
ATSDR TOXICOLOGY PROFILE (NTIS** PB/93/110872/AS)
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA Section 8(e) Risk Notification, 8EHQ-0892-9216
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NCI Carcinogenesis Studies (gavage);clear evidence:mouse,rat
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Hydrocarbons, halogenated, 1003
NTP 14th Report on Carcinogens,2016:Reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogen
NTP Carcinogenesis studies; on test (two year studies), October 2000
On EPA IRIS database

Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018

Content source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health