Methanol
RTECS #
PC1400000
CAS #
Updated
March 2019
Molecular Weight
32.05
Molecular Formula
CH4O
Synonyms
Alcool methylique (French)
Alcool metilico (Italian)
Bieleski's solution
Carbinol
Colonial Spirit
Columbian Spirit
Metanolo (Italian)
Methanol (ACGIH)
Methyl alcohol
Methyl alcohol (DOT:OSHA)
Methyl hydrate
Methyl hydroxide
Methylalkohol (German)
Methylol
Metylowy alkohol (Polish)
Monohydroxymethane
Pyroxylic Spirit
RCRA waste number U154
Wood alcohol
Wood naphtha
Wood Spirit
Alcool metilico (Italian)
Bieleski's solution
Carbinol
Colonial Spirit
Columbian Spirit
Metanolo (Italian)
Methanol (ACGIH)
Methyl alcohol
Methyl alcohol (DOT:OSHA)
Methyl hydrate
Methyl hydroxide
Methylalkohol (German)
Methylol
Metylowy alkohol (Polish)
Monohydroxymethane
Pyroxylic Spirit
RCRA waste number U154
Wood alcohol
Wood naphtha
Wood Spirit
Skin and Eye Irritation and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| eye /rabbit | 40 mg | moderate | UCDS** 3/24/1970 |
| eye /rabbit | 100 mg/24H | moderate | 85JCAE -,187,1986 |
| skin /rabbit | 20 mg/24H | moderate | 85JCAE -,187,1986 |
Mutation Data and Reference
| System Test | Route/Organism/Tissue | Dose | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cytogenetic Analysis | parenteral/grasshopper | 3000 ppm | IJEBA6 12,72,1974 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | oral/mouse | 1 gm/kg | ENMUDM 4,317,1982 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | intraperitoneal/mouse | 75 mg/kg | ENMUDM 5,381,1983 |
| DNA Damage | oral/rat | 10 µmol/kg | ENMUDM 4,317,1982 |
| DNA inhibition | lymphocyte/human | 300 mmol/L | PNASA6 79,1171,1982 |
| DNA repair | /Escherichia coli | 20 mg/well | MUREAV 133,161,1984 |
| morphological transform | fibroblast/mouse | 0.01 mg/L/21D (-enzymatic activation step) | EMMUEG 37,231,2001 |
| mutation in microorganisms | lymphocyte/mouse | 7900 mg/L (+enzymatic activation step) | ENMUDM 7(Suppl 3),10,1985 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Saccharomyes cerevisiae | 12 pph (-enzymatic activation step) | GENRA8 37,173,1981 |
| sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction | /Aspergillus nidulans | 56000 ppm | MUREAV 215,187,1989 |
Reproductive Effects Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/rat | 20000 ppm/7H (1-22D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Cardiovascular (circulatory) system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | TJADAB 29(2),48A,1984 |
| inhalation/rat | 20000 ppm/7H (7-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Endocrine system | FAATDF 5,727,1985 |
| inhalation/rat | 10000 ppm/7H (7-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | FAATDF 5,727,1985 |
| inhalation/mouse | 1500 ppm/6H (7-9D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system | TOXID9 12,101,1992 |
| inhalation/mouse | 5000 ppm/7H (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue) | TJADAB 47,175,1993 |
| inhalation/mouse | 7500 ppm/7H (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death | TJADAB 47,175,1993 |
| inhalation/mouse | 2000 ppm/7H (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | TJADAB 47,175,1993 |
| inhalation/mouse | 15000 ppm (7-9D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | FAATDF 21,508,1993 |
| inhalation/rat | 15000 ppm/7H (7-19D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | TOXID9 11,118,1991 |
| inhalation/rat | 2.6 mg/m3 (1-22D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | VCVGK* -,89,1994 |
| inhalation/rat | 1000 ppm (multigeneration) | Reproductive: Other effects on male Reproductive: Other effects on female Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | HPV289 -,-,2001 |
| inhalation/rat | 5000 ppm (7-17D pregnant) | Reproductive: Other effects on female Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | HPV289 -,-,2001 |
| inhalation/mouse | 2000 ppm (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue) | HPV289 -,-,2001 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | 2.3 gm/kg (7D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system | BDERE* 70,172,2004 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | 4900 mg/kg (7D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | BDERB* 71,80,2004 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | 3400 mg/kg (7D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue) | BDERB* 71,80,2004 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | 3400 mg/kg (7D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | BDERB* 71,80,2004 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | 5 gm/kg (5D male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) | MUREAV 130,417,1984 |
| oral/rat | 200 ppm/20H (78W male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | TOXID9 14,75,1994 |
| oral/rat | 5200 µL/kg (10D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Eye, ear Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | REPTED 11,503,1997 |
| oral/mouse | 40 gm/kg (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue) | TJADAB 47,175,1993 |
| oral/mouse | 4 gm/kg (7D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | TJADAB 55,138,1997 |
| oral/rat | 6000 mg/kg (15-17D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral | VCVGK* -,89,1994 |
| oral/rat | 6000 mg/kg (17-19D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral | VCVGK* -,89,1994 |
| oral/rat | 35295 mg/kg (1-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Female fertility index (e.g., # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) | ONGZAC 22(1),71,1991 |
| oral/rat | 35295 mg/kg (1-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic | ONGZAC 22(1),71,1991 |
| oral/rat | 20 gm/kg (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) | TJADAB 49,399,1994 |
| oral/rat | 42 mL/kg (21D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral | NETEEC 24,519,2002 |
| oral/rat | 82 mL/kg (21D after birth) | Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalities Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral | NETEEC 24,519,2002 |
Tumorigenic Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 ppm/2Y- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors Tumorigenic: Increased incidence of tumors in susceptible strains | HPV289 -,-,2001 |
Acute Toxicity Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| In Vitro/Chicken, neurons | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 482194 µmol/L/21H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 7,653,1993 |
| In Vitro/Chicken, neurons | Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 70355 µmol/L/21H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 7,653,1993 |
| In Vitro/Chicken, neurons | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 340574 µmol/L/20H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | TIVIEQ 7,653,1993 |
| In Vitro/Chicken, neurons | Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 61976 µmol/L/20H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | TIVIEQ 7,653,1993 |
| In Vitro/Hamster, lung fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 315 mmol/L/60H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell counting | TIVIEQ 7,511,1993 |
| In Vitro/Hamster, lung fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 88 mmol/L/60H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell counting | TIVIEQ 7,511,1993 |
| In Vitro/Hamster, lung fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration Low: >1037.4 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | TIVIEQ 1,3,1987 |
| In Vitro/Human, HeLa cell | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 360 mmol/L/60H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell counting | TIVIEQ 7,511,1993 |
| In Vitro/Human, HeLa cell | Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 124 mmol/L/60H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell counting | TIVIEQ 7,511,1993 |
| In Vitro/Human, kidney tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 113000 mg/L | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc. | TIVIEQ 27,1347,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 619 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 6,47,1992 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 450 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 6,47,1992 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: >1111.5 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | TIVIEQ 1,3,1987 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 1614 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell protein synthesis | TIVIEQ 3,189,1989 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 8190 mg/L | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc. | TIVIEQ 27,1347,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, neuroblastoma | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 54900 mg/L | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc. | TIVIEQ 27,1347,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, neuroblastoma | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 450 mmol/L/4M | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Membrane currents | TXAPA9 245,191,2010 |
| In Vitro/Human, skin | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 215000 mg/L/1M | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | TIVIEQ 6,367,1992 |
| In Vitro/Human, skin | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 1390 mg/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | TIVIEQ 27,1347,2013 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, embryo | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 4 gm/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TXAPA9 252,55,2011 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration Low: >864.5 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | TIVIEQ 1,3,1987 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): >1500 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 6,47,1992 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 620 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 6,47,1992 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 24300 mg/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 27,1347,2013 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 2210 mmol/L/2H | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases | TIVIEQ 4,783,1990 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, macrophage | Inhibitor Concentration Low: >1037.4 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | TIVIEQ 1,3,1987 |
| In Vitro/paa | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 186 mmol/L/44H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 27,1416,2013 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 47400 mg/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 27,1347,2013 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): >39550 mg/L/20H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) | TIVIEQ 5,543,1991 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): >39550 mg/L/20H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 5,543,1991 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): >39550 mg/L/20H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell protein synthesis | TIVIEQ 5,543,1991 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): >39550 mg/L/20H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | TIVIEQ 5,543,1991 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): >1500 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 6,47,1992 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): >1500 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 6,47,1992 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): >39550 mg/L/20H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) | TIVIEQ 5,543,1991 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): >39550 mg/L/20H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 5,543,1991 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): >33550 mg/L/20H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell protein synthesis | TIVIEQ 5,543,1991 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): >39550 mg/L/20H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | TIVIEQ 5,543,1991 |
| In Vitro/Rat, lung | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 6.6 gm/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity (prelabeled cells): release of radioactive isotopes ([51Cr], [3H]-thymidine, [3H]-proline, [35S]- or [75Se]-methionine, 5-[125I]-2-deoxy-uridine) or fluorescent dyes (bis-carboxyethyl-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) or calcein-AM) | TIVIEQ 7,111,1993 |
| In Vitro/Rat, lung | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 17.8 gm/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 7,111,1993 |
| In Vitro/Rat, lung | Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 0.42 gm/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity (prelabeled cells): release of radioactive isotopes ([51Cr], [3H]-thymidine, [3H]-proline, [35S]- or [75Se]-methionine, 5-[125I]-2-deoxy-uridine) or fluorescent dyes (bis-carboxyethyl-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) or calcein-AM) | TIVIEQ 7,111,1993 |
| In Vitro/Rat, lung | Inhibitor Concentration (75 percent kill): 37.2 gm/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity (prelabeled cells): release of radioactive isotopes ([51Cr], [3H]-thymidine, [3H]-proline, [35S]- or [75Se]-methionine, 5-[125I]-2-deoxy-uridine) or fluorescent dyes (bis-carboxyethyl-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) or calcein-AM) | TIVIEQ 7,111,1993 |
| In Vitro/Rat, lung | Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 0.55 gm/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 7,111,1993 |
| In Vitro/Rat, lung | Inhibitor Concentration (75 percent kill): 151 gm/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 7,111,1993 |
| inhalation/cat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 65700 ppm/4.5H | HPV289 -,-,2001 | |
| inhalation/cat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 23600 ppm/6H | HPV289 -,-,2001 | |
| inhalation/cat | Lowest published lethal concentration: 4400 mg/m3/6H | VCVGK* -,87,1984 | |
| inhalation/cat | Lowest published lethal concentration: 44 gm/m3/6H | Behavioral: Food intake (animal) Behavioral: Muscle weakness Gastrointestinal: Changes in structure or function of salivary glands | AGGHAR 5,1,1933 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 86000 mg/m3 | Eye: Lacrimation Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cough Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | AGGHAR 5,1,1933 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 300 ppm | Eye: Visual field changes Behavioral: Headache Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | NPIRI* 1,74,1974 |
| inhalation/monkey | Lowest published lethal concentration: 1000 ppm | IECHAD 23,931,1931 | |
| inhalation/monkey | Lowest published lethal concentration: 1300 mg/m3 | VCVGK* -,88,1984 | |
| inhalation/mouse | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 41000 ppm/6H | HPV289 -,-,2001 | |
| inhalation/mouse | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 61100 ppm/134M | HPV289 -,-,2001 | |
| inhalation/mouse | Lowest published lethal concentration: 50 gm/m3/2H | 85GMAT -,80,1982 | |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 120000 mg/m3/2H | Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning | VCVGK* -,87,1984 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 40000 mg/m3/4H | Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning | VCVGK* -,87,1984 |
| inhalation/rabbit | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 81000 mg/m3/14H | VCVGK* -,87,1984 | |
| inhalation/rat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 145000 ppm/1H | HPV289 -,-,2001 | |
| inhalation/rat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 64000 ppm/4H | HPV289 -,-,2001 | |
| inhalation/rat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 64000 ppm/8H | HPV289 -,-,2001 | |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 5000 ppm/6H | Endocrine: Change in LH | TXCYAC 71,69,1992 |
| intraperitoneal/guinea pig | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3556 mg/kg | EVHPAZ 61,321,1985 | |
| intraperitoneal/hamster | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 8555 mg/kg | EVHPAZ 61,321,1985 | |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 10765 mg/kg | EVHPAZ 61,321,1985 | |
| intraperitoneal/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1826 mg/kg | EVHPAZ 61,321,1985 | |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3490 mg/kg | Behavioral: Ataxia | VCVGK* -,87,1984 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 7529 mg/kg | EVHPAZ 61,321,1985 | |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3000 mg/kg | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Eye: Retinal changes pigmentary deposition, retinitis, other) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | TOLED5 165,265,2006 |
| intravenous/cat | lowest published lethal dose: 4641 mg/kg | JPETAB 16,1,1920 | |
| intravenous/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 4710 mg/kg | EVHPAZ 61,321,1985 | |
| intravenous/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 8907 mg/kg | EVHPAZ 61,321,1985 | |
| intravenous/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2131 mg/kg | EVHPAZ 61,321,1985 | |
| oral/Dog | lowest published lethal dose: 7500 mg/kg | HBAMAK 4,1365,1935 | |
| oral/Dog | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 7500 mg/kg | HPV289 -,-,2001 | |
| oral/human | lowest published lethal dose: 428 mg/kg | Behavioral: Headache Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | NPIRI* 1,74,1974 |
| oral/human | lowest published lethal dose: 143 mg/kg | Eye: Optic nerve neuropathy Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting | 34ZIAG -,382,1969 |
| oral/man | lowest published toxic dose: 3571 µL/kg | Eye: Visual field changes Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea Blood: Other changes | YAKUD5 35,2095,1993 |
| oral/man | lowest published toxic dose: 9450 µL/kg | Eye: Mydriasis (pupilliary dilation) Behavioral: General anesthetic Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease | AJEMEN 16,538,1998 |
| oral/man | lowest published lethal dose: 6422 mg/kg | Brain and Coverings: Changes in circulation Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting | CMAJAX 128,14,1983 |
| oral/man | lowest published toxic dose: 3429 mg/kg | Eye: Visual field changes | AMSVAZ 212,5,1982 |
| oral/man | lowest published toxic dose: 0.43 mL/kg | Cardiac: Change in rate | JTCTDW 45,717,2007 |
| oral/man | lowest published toxic dose: 1.14 mL/kg | Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting | JTCTDW 45,717,2007 |
| oral/man | lowest published toxic dose: 1.4 mL/kg | Eye: Other eye effects Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting | JTCTDW 45,717,2007 |
| oral/man | lowest published lethal dose: 14 mL/kg | Eye: Other eye effects Behavioral: Coma Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting | JTCTDW 45,717,2007 |
| oral/monkey | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 7000 mg/kg | Behavioral: Ataxia Behavioral: Coma | HPV289 -,-,2001 |
| oral/monkey | lowest published lethal dose: 5000 mg/kg | Eye: Mydriasis (pupilliary dilation) Eye: Other eye effects | VCVGK* -,88,1984 |
| oral/monkey | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 7 gm/kg | Behavioral: Muscle weakness Behavioral: Ataxia Behavioral: Coma | TXAPA9 3,202,1961 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published lethal dose: 420 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,87,1984 | |
| oral/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 5800 mg/kg | HPV289 -,-,2001 | |
| oral/pig | lethal dose (50 percent kill): >5000 mg/kg | HPV289 -,-,2001 | |
| oral/rabbit | lowest published lethal dose: 7500 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,87,1984 | |
| oral/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 14200 mg/kg | FAONAU 48A,105,1970 | |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 5600 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,87,1984 | |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 8 gm/kg | Endocrine: Change in LH | TOXID9 13,14,1993 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3500 mg/kg | Liver: Other changes Blood: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | FAATDF 28,264,1995 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3 gm/kg | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | JTEHF8 67,583,2004 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3 gm/kg | Liver: Other changes | TOXID9 72,315,2003 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 8 mL/kg | Eye: Retinal changes pigmentary deposition, retinitis, other) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes | TXCYAC 293,89,2012 |
| oral/woman | lowest published lethal dose: 10 mL/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects Gastrointestinal: Changes in structure or function of exocrine pancreas | JTCTDW 38,297,2000 |
| oral/woman | lowest published toxic dose: 4 gm/kg | Eye: Visual field changes Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting | AMSVAZ 212,5,1982 |
| parenteral/frog | lowest published lethal dose: 59 gm/kg | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Spastic paralysis with/without sensory change Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) | AIPTAK 50,296,1935 |
| skin/monkey | lowest published lethal dose: 393 mg/kg | IECHAD 23,931,1931 | |
| skin/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 15800 mg/kg | NPIRI* 1,74,1974 | |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 9800 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,87,1984 | |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 6825 mg/kg | Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in cellular immune response Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in humoral immune response | TOVEFN (6),16,2007 |
| unreported route/man | lowest published lethal dose: 868 mg/kg | 85DCAI 2,73,1970 |
Other Multiple Dose Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/monkey | lowest published toxic concentration: 6.5 mg/m3/6H/4W- intermittent | Eye: Conjunctiva irritation Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight | VCVGK* -,88,1994 |
| inhalation/monkey | lowest published toxic concentration: 5000 ppm/21D- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Liver: Fatty liver degeneration Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | HPV289 -,-,2001 |
| inhalation/monkey | lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 ppm/28W- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes | HPV289 -,-,2001 |
| inhalation/monkey | lowest published toxic concentration: 3000 ppm/28W- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Eye: Optic nerve neuropathy | HPV289 -,-,2001 |
| inhalation/monkey | lowest published toxic concentration: 5000 ppm/5D- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | HPV289 -,-,2001 |
| inhalation/monkey | lowest published toxic concentration: 5000 ppm/4W- intermittent | Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight | HPV289 -,-,2001 |
| inhalation/monkey | lowest published toxic concentration: 10 ppm/2.5Y- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes | HPV289 -,-,2001 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 ppm/1Y- intermittent | Behavioral: Food intake (animal) Liver: Fatty liver degeneration Endocrine: Differential effect of sex or castration on observed toxicity | HPV289 -,-,2001 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 5000 ppm/4W- intermittent | Olfaction: Other olfaction effects | HPV289 -,-,2001 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 ppm/1Y- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | HPV289 -,-,2001 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 10 mg/m3/4H/213D- intermittent | Eye: Other eye effects | VCVGK* -,89,1994 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 6.5 mg/m3/6H/4W- intermittent | Eye: Conjunctiva irritation | VCVGK* -,88,1994 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 50 mg/m3/12H/120D- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi | VCVGK* -,89,1994 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 50 mg/m3/12H/13W- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: Muscle contraction or spasticity | GISAAA 24(10),7,1959 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 2610 ppm/6H/4W- intermittent | Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight | TIHEEC 11,343,1995 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3846 µg/kg/30D- intermittent | Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases | TIHEEC 9,479,1993 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 10 gm/kg/3D- intermittent | Eye: Retinal changes pigmentary deposition, retinitis, other) | NRTXDN 24,255,2003 |
| multiple/non-mammalian species | lowest published toxic dose: 22300 gm/m3/4D- continuous | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | REPTED 22,263,2006 |
| oral/monkey | lowest published toxic dose: 63000 mg/kg/3W- intermittent | Liver: Other changes | VCVGK* -,89,1994 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2885 mg/kg/3D- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition | IJTOFN 19,179,2000 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 12 gm/kg/8W- intermittent | Behavioral: Ataxia Behavioral: Alteration of operant conditioning | NETEEC 15,223,1993 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 7 mL/kg/7D- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Effect on specific coenzyme: B vitamins including folate | JDGRAX 10(1-2),25,1978 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 268.8 gm/kg/21D- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | TOXID9 13,14,1993 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 625 mg/kg/200D- continuous | Liver: Other changes | VCVGK* -,89,1994 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 225000 mg/kg/90D- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases | HPV289 -,-,2001 |
| skin/monkey | lowest published toxic dose: 2 mL/kg/4D- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | VCVGK* -,88,1994 |
Reviews
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 200 ppm;short term exposure limit 250 ppm (skin) | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MEDIAV 32,431,1953 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | CLCHAU 19,361,1973 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FNSCA6 2,67,1973 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | JTEHD6 1,153,1975 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MJAUAJ 2,483,1978 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 539,77,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 17,349,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 140-141,239,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | CRTXB2 33,137,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | JEMME* 1,51,1983 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | AINCM* 7,63,2006 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | CHHSA* 9,6,2002 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ENTOX* -,54,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | AJEMEN 22,404,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FSINDR 179,206,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | HUTOX* -,577,1996 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | HUTOX* -,623,1996 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTOD7 47,1287,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | AUCRC* 10,113,1997 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NEUCL* 18,215,2000 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NTAPM* -,617,1995 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NTAPM* -,629,1995 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NTAPM* -,641,1995 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NTAPM* -,671,1995 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NTAPM* -,727,1995 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 711,13,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NRTXDN 33,178,2012 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NETEEC 33,608,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 210,44,2012 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 762,76,2014 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 49,196,2014 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 58,252,2015 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TXAPA9 266,345,2013 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NETEEC 52,25,2015 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TIVIEQ 32,92,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 58,395,2010 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 59,364,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | VETODR ,197,2018 |
Standards and Regulations
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION | FEREAC 54,7740,1989 | |
| Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1998 STATUS OF PESTICIDES | Cancelled | RBREV* -,290,1998 |
| Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-air | time-weighted average 200 ppm (260 mg/m3) (skin) | DTLVS* 3,155,1971 |
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV; | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit-ARAB Republic of Egypt | time-weighted average 200 ppm (260 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA | time-weighted average 200 ppm (262 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 250 ppm (328 mg/m3), JUL2008 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIA | MAK-TMW 200 ppm (260 mg/m3);KZW 800 ppm (1040 mg/m3), skin, 2007 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | time-weighted average 200 ppm (266 mg/m3), MAR2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | short term exposure limit 250 ppm (333 mg/m3), Skin, MAR2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK | time-weighted average 200 ppm (260 mg/m3), skin, MAY2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-EC | time-weighted average 260 mg/m3 (200 ppm), skin, FEB2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND | time-weighted average 200 ppm (270 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 250 ppm (330 mg/m3), skin, NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE | VME 200 ppm (260 mg/m3), VLE 1000 ppm (1300 mg/m3), FEB2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-GERMANY | MAK 200 ppm (270 mg/m3), 2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARY | time-weighted average 260 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 1040 mg/m3, Skin, SEP2000 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND | time-weighted average 200 ppm (260 mg/m3), skin, NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPAN | Occupational Exposure Limit 200 ppm (260 mg/m3), skin, MAY2012 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA | time-weighted average 200 ppm (260 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 250 ppm (310 mg/m3), skin, 2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO | time-weighted average 200 ppm (260 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 310 mg/m3 (250 ppm), 2004 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND | time-weighted average 200 ppm (262 mg/m3); short term exposure limit 250 ppm (328 mg/m3), skin, JAN2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAY | time-weighted average 100 ppm (130 mg/m3), JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU | time-weighted average 200 ppm (262 mg/m3); short term exposure limit 250 ppm (328 mg/m3), JUL2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-POLAND | MAC(time-weighted average) 100 mg/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) 300 mg/m3, JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA | time-weighted average 5 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 15 mg/m3, Skin, JUN2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDEN | time-weighted average 200 ppm (250 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 250 ppm (350 mg/m3), Skin, JUN2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND | MAK-week 200 ppm (260 mg/m3), KZG-week 800 ppm (1040 mg/m3), skin, JAN2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THAILAND | time-weighted average 200 ppm (260 mg/m3), JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDS | MAC-TGG 260 mg/m3, Skin, 2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINES | time-weighted average 200 ppm (260 mg/m3), JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-TURKEY | time-weighted average 200 ppm (260 mg/m3), JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOM | time-weighted average 200 ppm (266 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 250 ppm (333 mg/m3), skin, OCT2007 | |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) | 8H time-weighted average 200 ppm (260 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) | 8H time-weighted average 200 ppm (260 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) | 8H time-weighted average 200 ppm (260 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) | 8H time-weighted average 200 ppm (260 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993 |
NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO METHANOL-air | 10H time-weighted average 200 ppm (Sk);short term exposure limit 250 ppm (Sk) | NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992 |
| National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 | Hazard Code 45930; Number of Industries 373; Total Number of Facilities 101075; Number of Occupations 225; Total Number of Employees Exposed 1620617; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 388352 | |
| National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 | Hazard Code 45930; Number of Industries 344; Total Number of Facilities 78840; Number of Occupations 203; Total Number of Employees Exposed 737242 |
Status in Federal Agencies
Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018
Content
source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health