Cyclohexanone
RTECS #
GW1050000
CAS #
Updated
June 2018
Molecular Weight
98.16
Molecular Formula
C6H10O
Synonyms
Anone
Cicloesanone (Italian)
Cyclohexanon (Dutch)
Cyclohexanone (ACGIH:OSHA)
Cyclohexyl ketone
Cykloheksanon (Polish)
Hexanon
Hytrol O
Ketohexamethylene
Nadone
NCI-C55005
Pimelic ketone
Pimelin ketone
RCRA waste number U057
Sextone
Cicloesanone (Italian)
Cyclohexanon (Dutch)
Cyclohexanone (ACGIH:OSHA)
Cyclohexyl ketone
Cykloheksanon (Polish)
Hexanon
Hytrol O
Ketohexamethylene
Nadone
NCI-C55005
Pimelic ketone
Pimelin ketone
RCRA waste number U057
Sextone
Skin and Eye Irritation and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| eye /human | 75 ppm | JIHTAB 25,282,1943 | |
| eye /rabbit | 20 mg | severe | AJOPAA 29,1363,1946 |
| eye /rabbit | 250 µg/24H | severe | 85JCAE -,289,1986 |
| skin /human | 50%/48H | mild | ADVEA4 27,189,1992 |
| skin /rabbit | 500 mg open irritation test | mild | UCDS** |
Mutation Data and Reference
| System Test | Route/Organism/Tissue | Dose | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cytogenetic Analysis | leukocyte/human | 100 µmol/L | DBTEAD 19,215,1971 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | lymphocyte/human | 5 µg/L | GISAAA 46(5),76,1981 |
| DNA Damage | other cell types/human | 300 µg/well/45H | MUREAV 827,27,2018 |
| mutation in mammalian somatic cells | ovary/hamster | 7500 µL/L | ENMUDM 7(Suppl 3),60,1985 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Salmonella typhimurium | 20 µL/L (-enzymatic activation step) | EJMBA2 18,213,1983 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Bacillus subtilis | 200 µL/L (-enzymatic activation step) | EJMBA2 18,213,1983 |
| sister chromatid exchange | ovary/hamster | 7500 µL/L | ENMUDM 7(Suppl 3),60,1985 |
Reproductive Effects Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/rat | 105 mg/m3/4H (1-20D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) | TPKVAL 14,26,1975 |
| inhalation/mouse | 1400 ppm/6H (6-17D pregnant) | Reproductive: Other effects on female Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | NTIS** OTS0540574 |
| inhalation/rat | 105.2 mg/m3 (1-20D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) | TPKVAL 14,26,1975 |
| oral/mouse | 11 gm/kg (8-12D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | TCMUD8 6,361,1986 |
Acute Toxicity Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| In Vitro/Rabbit, ocular | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 5 pph/5M | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 27,1855,2013 |
| inhalation/cat | lowest published toxic concentration: 15000 mg/m3 | Eye: Conjunctiva irritation Behavioral: General anesthetic Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) | VCVGK* -,454,1994 |
| inhalation/guinea pig | lowest published toxic concentration: 15000 mg/m3 | Eye: Conjunctiva irritation Behavioral: General anesthetic Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) | VCVGK* -,454,1994 |
| inhalation/guinea pig | Lowest published lethal concentration: 400 ppm/4H | NTIS** AD-A066-307 | |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 500 mg/m3/1M | Eye: Conjunctiva irritation Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cough | VCVGK* -,455,1994 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 75 ppm | Olfaction: Other olfaction effects Eye: Conjunctiva irritation Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | JIHTAB 25,282,1943 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.09 mg/m3 | Brain and Coverings: Changes in surface EEG | VCVGK* -,455,1994 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 300 mg/m3/8H | Eye: Conjunctiva irritation Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cough | VCVGK* -,455,1994 |
| inhalation/mammal (species unspecified) | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 25 gm/m3 | GTPZAB 32(10),25,1988 | |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 300 ppm/6M | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression | TOLED5 9,137,1981 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 15000 mg/m3 | Eye: Conjunctiva irritation Behavioral: General anesthetic Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) | VCVGK* -,454,1994 |
| inhalation/mouse | Lowest published lethal concentration: 19200 mg/m3/90M | Gastrointestinal: Other changes | TXAPA9 49,525,1979 |
| inhalation/mouse | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 2375 mg/m3 | VCVGK* -,454,1994 | |
| inhalation/rabbit | lowest published toxic concentration: 2000 mg/m3/40M | Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning | VCVGK* -,454,1994 |
| inhalation/rabbit | lowest published toxic concentration: 400 mg/m3/8H | Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning | VCVGK* -,454,1994 |
| inhalation/rabbit | lowest published toxic concentration: 1203 mg/m3/4H | Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning | VCVGK* -,454,1994 |
| inhalation/rabbit | lowest published toxic concentration: 500 mg/m3 | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea | VCVGK* -,454,1994 |
| inhalation/rat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 19000 mg/m3 | VCVGK* -,455,1994 | |
| inhalation/rat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 8000 ppm/4H | NPIRI* 1,18,1974 | |
| intraperitoneal/guinea pig | lowest published lethal dose: 760 mg/kg | NTIS** AD-A066-307 | |
| intraperitoneal/guinea pig | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 930 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,455,1994 | |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1230 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,455,1994 | |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1230 mg/kg | Gastrointestinal: Other changes | TXAPA9 49,525,1979 |
| intraperitoneal/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1540 mg/kg | Gastrointestinal: Other changes | TXAPA9 49,525,1979 |
| intraperitoneal/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1540 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,455,1994 | |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1130 mg/kg | Gastrointestinal: Other changes | TXAPA9 49,525,1979 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1130 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,455,1994 | |
| intravenous/monkey | lowest published lethal dose: 284 mg/kg | TXAPA9 37,115,1976 | |
| intravenous/rat | lowest published lethal dose: 568 mg/kg | TXAPA9 37,115,1976 | |
| oral/human | lowest published lethal dose: 714.3 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,455,1994 | |
| oral/mammal (species unspecified) | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3 gm/kg | GTPZAB 32(10),25,1988 | |
| oral/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1400 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,455,1994 | |
| oral/pig | lowest published toxic dose: 1 gm/kg | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage) Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory obstruction Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other | TXCYAC 294,94,2012 |
| oral/rabbit | lowest published lethal dose: 1600 mg/kg | Behavioral: General anesthetic | JIHTAB 25,199,1943 |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1620 µL/kg | AIHAAP 30,470,1969 | |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1800 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,455,1994 | |
| skin/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1 mL/kg | AIHAAP 30,470,1969 | |
| subcutaneous/frog | lowest published lethal dose: 1900 mg/kg | Autonomic Nervous System: Other (direct) parasympathomimetic Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | AEXPBL 50,199,1903 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lowest published lethal dose: 1300 mg/kg | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral: Ataxia Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | AEXPBL 50,199,1903 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2170 mg/kg | JIHTAB 25,415,1943 |
Other Multiple Dose Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 2000 mg/m3/6H/90D- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Blood: Eosinophilia Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | VCVGK* -,455,1994 |
| inhalation/rabbit | lowest published toxic concentration: 3082 ppm/6H/3W- intermittent | Behavioral: Ataxia Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | JIHTAB 25,323,1943 |
| inhalation/rabbit | lowest published toxic concentration: 12000 mg/m3/6H/15D- intermittent | Behavioral: General anesthetic Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | VCVGK* -,455,1994 |
| inhalation/rabbit | lowest published toxic concentration: 2000 mg/m3/6H/90D- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Blood: Eosinophilia Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | VCVGK* -,455,1994 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 100 mg/m3/122D- intermittent | Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning | VCVGK* -,455,1994 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 105.2 mg/m3/17D- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Urine volume increased Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition | TPKVAL 14,26,1975 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 11.5 mg/m3/17D- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight | TPKVAL 14,26,1975 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 11.5 mg/m3/20D- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Renal function tests depressed Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | TPKVAL 14,26,1975 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 105.2 mg/m3/75D- intermittent | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Recording from peripheral motor nerve Liver: Liver function tests impaired Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) | TPKVAL 14,26,1975 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 460 mg/m3/90D- continuous | Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: True cholinesterase | VCVGK* -,455,1994 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 105 mg/m3/20D- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Urine volume decreased or anuria | VCVGK* -,455,1994 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 2000 mg/m3/6H/90D- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Blood: Eosinophilia Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | VCVGK* -,455,1994 |
| intravenous/Dog | lowest published toxic dose: 4260 mg/kg/21D- intermittent | Blood: Changes in bone marrow not included in above Skin: After systemic exposure: Dermatitis, other Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | TXAPA9 37,115,1976 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 450 mg/kg/90D- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Gastrointestinal: Other changes | VCVGK* -,455,1994 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 4.5 mg/kg/90D- intermittent | Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning | VCVGK* -,455,1994 |
| skin/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 61000 mg/kg/122D- intermittent | Liver: Liver function tests impaired Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | VCVGK* -,455,1994 |
Reviews
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 20 ppm;short term exposure limit 50 ppm (skin) | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-Confirmed animal carcinogen | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Animal Inadequate Evidence | IMEMDT 47,157,1989 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Animal Inadequate Evidence | IMEMDT 71,1359,1999 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Human No Adequate Data | IMEMDT 71,1359,1999 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Group 3 | IMEMDT 71,1359,1999 |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | HUTOX* -,577,1996 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NTAPM* -,629,1995 |
Standards and Regulations
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION | FEREAC 54,7740,1989 | |
| Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1998 STATUS OF PESTICIDES | Cancelled | RBREV* -,248,1998 |
| Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-air | time-weighted average 50 ppm (200 mg/m3) | DTLVS* 3,66,1971 |
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV; | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA | time-weighted average 25 ppm (100 mg/m3), JUL2008 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIA | MAK-TMW 5 ppm (20 mg/m3);KZW 20 ppm (80 mg/m3), skin, 2007 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | time-weighted average 10 ppm (40.8 mg/m3), MAR2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | short term exposure limit 20 ppm (81.6 mg/m3), Skin, MAR2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK | time-weighted average 10 ppm (40 mg/m3), skin, MAY2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-EC | time-weighted average 40.8 mg/m3 (10 ppm);short term exposure limit 81.6 mg/m3 (20 ppm), skin, JUN2000 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND | time-weighted average 10 ppm (41 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 20 ppm (82 mg/m3), skin, NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE | VME 10 ppm (40.8 mg/m3), VLE 20 ppm (81.6 mg/m3), FEB2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARY | time-weighted average 40.8 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 81.6 mg/m3, Skin, SEP2000 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND | time-weighted average 10 ppm (40 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 20 ppm (81.6 mg/m3), skin, NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPAN | Occupational Exposure Limit 25 ppm (100 mg/m3), MAY2012 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA | time-weighted average 25 ppm (100 mg/m3), skin, 2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO | time-weighted average 50 ppm (200 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 100 ppm (skin), 2004 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND | time-weighted average 25 ppm (100 mg/m3), skin, JAN2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAY | time-weighted average 20 ppm (80 mg/m3, JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU | time-weighted average 20 ppm (80 mg/m3); short term exposure limit 50 ppm (201 mg/m3), JUL2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-POLAND | MAC(time-weighted average) 20 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 160 mg/m3, JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA | time-weighted average 10 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 30 mg/m3, JUN2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDEN | time-weighted average 25 ppm (100 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 50 ppm (200 mg/m3), Skin, JUN2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND | MAK-week 25 ppm (100 mg/m3), KZG-week 50 ppm (200 mg/m3), skin, JAN2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINES | time-weighted average 50 ppm (200 mg/m3), JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-TURKEY | time-weighted average 50 ppm (200 mg/m3), JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOM | time-weighted average 10 ppm (41 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 20 ppm (82 mg/m3), skin, OCT2007 | |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) | 8H time-weighted average 50 ppm (200 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) | 8H time-weighted average 50 ppm (200 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) | 8H time-weighted average 50 ppm (200 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) | 8H time-weighted average 50 ppm (200 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993 |
NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO CYCLOHEXANONE-air | 10H time-weighted average 25 ppm (Sk) | NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992 |
| National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 | Hazard Code 21660; Number of Industries 160; Total Number of Facilities 33556; Number of Occupations 117; Total Number of Employees Exposed 436935; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 43406 | |
| National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 | Hazard Code 21660; Number of Industries 123; Total Number of Facilities 13457; Number of Occupations 98; Total Number of Employees Exposed 151748 |
Status in Federal Agencies
| Organization | Reference |
|---|---|
| EPA TSCA 8(a) PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT INFORMATION, FINAL RULE | FEREAC 47,26992,82 |
| EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY | |
| EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies | |
| EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001 | |
| NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Ketones I, 1300 | |
| NIOSH Analytical Method, 1996: Volatile organic compound, 2549 | |
| On EPA IRIS database | |
| OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #01 |
Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018
Content
source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health