Propane, 1-chloro-2,3-epoxy-

RTECS #

TX4900000

CAS #

106-89-8
See: NMAM or OSHA Methods

Updated

March 2019

Molecular Weight

92.53

Molecular Formula

C₃H₅ClO

Synonyms

(Chloromethyl)ethylene oxide
(DL)-alpha-Epichlorohydrin
1,2-Epoxy-3-chloropropane
1-Chloor-2,3-epoxy-propaan (Dutch)
1-Chlor-2,3-epoxy-propan (German)
1-Chloro-2,3-epoxypropane
1-Chloro-2,3-epoxypropane (OSHA)
1-Cloro-2,3-epossipropano (Italian)
2-(Chloromethyl)oxirane
2,3-Epoxypropyl chloride
3-Chloro-1,2-epoxypropane
3-Chloro-1,2-propane oxide
3-Chloro-1,2-propylene oxide
alpha-Epichlorohydrin
Chloromethyloxirane
Chloropropylene oxide
ECH
Epichloorhydrine (Dutch)
Epichlorhydrin
Epichlorhydrine (French)
Epichlorohydrin
epi-Chlorohydrin
Epichlorohydrin (ACGIH:OSHA)
Epichlorohydryna (Polish)
Epichlorophydrin
Epicloridrina (Italian)
gamma-Chloropropylene oxide
Glycerol epichlorhydrin
Oxirane, (chloromethyl)-
Oxirane, 2-(chloromethyl)
RCRA waste number U041
Skekhg

Skin and Eye Irritation and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
eye /rabbit	100 mg	severe	AJOPAA 29,1363,1946
eye /rabbit	100 mg/24H	moderate	85JCAE -,769,1986
skin /rabbit	10 mg/24H open irritation test		JIHTAB 30,63,1948
skin /woman	1%		CODEDG 61,47,2009

Mutation Data and Reference

System Test	Route/Organism/Tissue	Dose	Reference
Cytogenetic Analysis	lymphocyte/human	10 µmol/L/24H	STEVA8 11,223,1979
Cytogenetic Analysis	leukocyte/human	1 µmol/L	MUREAV 34,279,1976
Cytogenetic Analysis	liver/rat	10 mg/L	MUREAV 64,329,1979
Cytogenetic Analysis	intraperitoneal/mouse	5 mg/kg	STEVA8 11,223,1979
Cytogenetic Analysis	oral/mouse	20 mg/kg	STEVA8 11,223,1979
Cytogenetic Analysis	inhalation/mouse	5 mg/m³	MUREAV 85,287,1981
Cytogenetic Analysis	ovary/hamster	15 mg/L	MUTAEX 4,432,1989
Cytogenetic Analysis	lung/hamster	47 mg/L	GMCRDC 27,95,1981
DNA Damage	mammary gland/human	2.8 mg/L/24H (-enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 588,47,2005
DNA Damage	liver/rat	200 µmol/L/3H	MUREAV 629,49,2007
DNA Damage	lymphocyte/mouse	1040 µmol/L	MUREAV 203,155,1988
DNA Damage	intraperitoneal/mouse	140 mg/kg	MUREAV 467,83,2000
DNA Damage	liver/rat	300 µmol/L	SinJF# 26OCT1982
DNA Damage	/Escherichia coli	1 µmol/L	ARTODN 46,277,1980
DNA Damage	/Bacillus subtilis	20 µL/disc	PMRSDJ 1,175,1981
DNA inhibition	HeLa cell/human	2700 µmol/L	MUREAV 92,427,1982
DNA inhibition	lymphocyte/human	5 mmol/L	TUMOAB 69,191,1983
DNA repair	/Escherichia coli	4 µg/well	MUREAV 133,161,1984
DNA repair	/Bacillus subtilis	997 mmol/L	37ATAD -,155,1977
DNA repair	/Saccharomyes cerevisiae	100 mg/L	PMRSDJ 1,502,1981
gene conversion and mitotic recombination	/Saccharomyes cerevisiae	65 mmol/L	IJEBA6 18,1337,1980
host-mediated assay	Salmonella typhimurium/mouse	50 mg/kg	BIZNAT 95,451,1976
host-mediated assay	Escherichia coli/mouse	180 mg/kg	MUREAV 272,161,1992
micronucleus test	intraperitoneal/mouse	120 mg/kg/16D- intermittent	54DEAI -,175,1984
micronucleus test	multiple/non-mammalian species	10800 nmol/L	MUTAEX 4,17,1989
morphological transform	kidney/hamster	25 mg/L	PMRSDJ 1,638,1981
morphological transform	embryo/mouse	30 mg/L/10D	MUREAV 702,100,2010
mutation in mammalian somatic cells	ovary/hamster	30 mg/L	MUREAV 136,137,1984
mutation in mammalian somatic cells	lymphocyte/mouse	7500 µg/L	PMRSDJ 1,580,1981
mutation in mammalian somatic cells	other cell types/human	500 µmol/L	TUMOAB 69,191,1983
mutation in microorganisms	/Schizosaccharomyces pombe	21 mmol/L (-enzymatic activation step)	ADWMAX -,193,1962
mutation in microorganisms	/Schizosaccharomyces pombe	800 µmol/L (+enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 109,41,1983
mutation in microorganisms	/Neurospora crassa	150 mmol/L (-enzymatic activation step)	STEVA8 11,223,1979
mutation in microorganisms	/Saccharomyes cerevisiae	40 mg/L (-enzymatic activation step)	PMRSDJ 1,414,1981
mutation in microorganisms	/Klebsiella pneumoniae	200 µmol/L (-enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 89,269,1981
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	33 µg/plate (+enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 172,105,1986
mutation in microorganisms	/Escherichia coli	1 µL/plate (+/-enzymatic activation step)	PMRSDJ 1,387,1981
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	1 µL/plate (-enzymatic activation step)	FCTOD7 46,2498,2008
other mutation test systems	/Escherichia coli	195 nmol/tube	MUREAV 147,79,1985
other mutation test systems	/Salmonella typhimurium	60 mg/L	MUREAV 192,239,1987
other mutation test systems	/Bacillus subtilis	1 mole/L	37ATAD -,155,1977
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction	parenteral/Drosophila melanogaster	5100 µmol/L	EVSRBT 24,175,1981
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction	/Saccharomyes cerevisiae	100 mg/L	PMRSDJ 1,468,1981
sister chromatid exchange	lymphocyte/human	10 nmol/L	CARYAB 34,261,1981
sister chromatid exchange	intraperitoneal/mouse	5500 µg/kg	PMRSDJ 1,673,1981
sister chromatid exchange	ovary/hamster	33 µL/L	PMRSDJ 1,551,1981
sister chromatid exchange	lung/hamster	100 mg/L	CNREA8 44,3270,1984
sperm morphology	inhalation/mouse	5 mg/m³	MUREAV 85,287,1981
sperm morphology	oral/rat	50 mg/kg	ARTODN 53,71,1983
Unscheduled DNA Synthesis	oral/rat	50 mg/kg	CRNGDP 10,1425,1989
Unscheduled DNA Synthesis	fibroblast/human	32 µg/L	PMRSDJ 1,528,1981
Unscheduled DNA Synthesis	lymphocyte/human	500 µmol/L	TUMOAB 69,191,1983

Reproductive Effects Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
inhalation/rat	50 ppm/6H (50D male)	Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Male fertility index (e.g., # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females)	TXAPA9 68,415,1983
inhalation/rat	100 ppm/7H (6-15D pregnant)	Reproductive: Other effects on female Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)	NTIS** OTS0545225
inhalation/rabbit	100 ppm/7H (6-18D pregnant)	Reproductive: Other effects on female Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)	NTIS** OTS0545225
oral/mouse	1200 mg/kg (6-15D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)	JTEHD6 9,87,1982
oral/rat	180 mg/kg (12D male)	Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Male fertility index (e.g., # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females)	NATUAS 226,87,1970
oral/rat	25 mg/kg (1D male)	Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)	ARTODN 53,71,1983
oral/rat	1050 mg/kg (21D male)	Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Male fertility index (e.g., # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females)	FAATDF 13,16,1989
oral/rat	288 mg/kg (23D male)	Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea)	JOAND3 12,54,1991
subcutaneous/rat	75 mg/kg (1D male)	Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct	TXAPA9 70,67,1983

Tumorigenic Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 100 ppm/6H/30D- continuous	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Olfaction: Tumors Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema	JJIND8 65,751,1980
inhalation/rat	toxic concentration: 100 ppm/6H/6W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors	PAACA3 21,106,1980
inhalation/rat	toxic concentration: 100 ppm	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Olfaction: Tumors	CHWKA9 123(24),25,1978
inhalation/rat	toxic concentration: 30 ppm/6H/57W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Olfaction: Tumors Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Chronic pulmonary edema or congestion	JJIND8 65,751,1980
intraperitoneal/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 2400 mg/kg/8W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors	TXAPA9 82,19,1986
oral/rat	toxic dose: 36 gm/kg/81W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Gastrointestinal: Tumors	GANNA2 71,922,1980
oral/rat	toxic dose: 85050 mg/kg/81W- continuous	Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Gastrointestinal: Tumors	NAIZAM 32,270,1981
oral/rat	toxic dose: 42525 mg/kg/81W- continuous	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Gastrointestinal: Tumors	NAIZAM 32,270,1981
oral/rat	toxic dose: 5150 mg/kg/2Y- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Gastrointestinal: Tumors Endocrine: Tumors	TXCYAC 36,325,1985
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 60 gm/kg/81W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Gastrointestinal: Tumors	GANNA2 71,922,1980
subcutaneous/mouse	toxic dose: 2760 mg/kg/69W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application	JNCIAM 53,695,1974
subcutaneous/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 720 mg/kg/18W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application	JNCIAM 48,1431,1972
unreported route/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 19 mg/kg	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Blood: Lymphoma including Hodgkin's disease Skin and Appendages: Tumors	RARSAM 3,193,1963

Acute Toxicity Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
In Vitro/Human, lung	Inhibitor Concentration (20 percent kill): 0.08 mmol/L	In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.	TIVIEQ 30,274,2015
In Vitro/Human, lung fibroblast	Inhibitor Concentration Low: 205 µmol/L/6H	In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays	TIVIEQ 28,209,2014
inhalation/human	lowest published toxic concentration: 40 ppm/2H	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes	34ZIAG -,240,1969
inhalation/human	lowest published toxic concentration: 20 ppm	Olfaction: Other olfaction effects Eye: Other eye effects	29ZWAE -,108,1968
inhalation/mammal (species unspecified)	lowest published toxic concentration: 1 gm/m³	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression	TPKVAL 7,76,1965
inhalation/mouse	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 3 gm/m³/2H	Gastrointestinal: Necrotic changes Liver: Fatty liver degeneration Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)	TPKVAL 2,28,1961
inhalation/mouse	Lowest published lethal concentration: 5.25 gm/m³/2H	Skin: After systemic exposure: Dermatitis, other	TPKVAL 2,28,1961
inhalation/mouse	Lowest published lethal concentration: 3.25 gm/m³/2H	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in pulmonary vascular resistance Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea	TPKVAL 2,28,1961
inhalation/mouse	Lowest published lethal concentration: 72 gm/m³/9M		JBMRBG 8,11,1974
inhalation/rat	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 250 ppm/8H		ENTOX* -,228,2005
inhalation/rat	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 3 gm/m³/2H	Brain and Coverings: Changes in circulation Behavioral: Ataxia Cardiac: Cardiomyopathy including infarction	TPKVAL 2,28,1961
inhalation/rat	Lowest published lethal concentration: 3.25 gm/m³/2H	Eye: Miosis (pupilliary constriction) Eye: Lacrimation Eye: Corneal damage	TPKVAL 2,28,1961
inhalation/rat	Lowest published lethal concentration: 3 gm/m³	Brain and Coverings: Changes in circulation Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in pulmonary vascular resistance Gastrointestinal: Necrotic changes	TPKVAL 7,76,1965
inhalation/rat	Lowest published lethal concentration: 3 gm/m³	Liver: Fatty liver degeneration Liver: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in blood vessels or in circulation of kidney	TPKVAL 7,76,1965
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 0.007 gm/m³/4H	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight Liver: Changes in liver weight	TPKVAL 12,33,1971
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 0.35 gm/m³/4H	Cardiac: Change in rate Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section	TPKVAL 12,33,1971
intraperitoneal/guinea pig	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 118 mg/kg		JPMSAE 61,1712,1972
intraperitoneal/mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 170 mg/kg		JPMSAE 61,1712,1972
intraperitoneal/rabbit	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 160 mg/kg		JPMSAE 61,1712,1972
intraperitoneal/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 113 mg/kg		JPMSAE 61,1712,1972
intravenous/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 154 mg/kg		NPIRI* 1,41,1974
ocular/mammal (species unspecified)	lowest published toxic dose: 100 pph	Eye: Conjunctiva irritation	TPKVAL 7,76,1965
ocular/rabbit	lowest published toxic dose: 100 pph	Eye: Conjunctiva irritation Eye: Corneal damage	TPKVAL 2,28,1961
oral/guinea pig	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 280 mg/kg		GISAAA 33(1),46,1968
oral/mammal (species unspecified)	lowest published toxic dose: 350 mg/kg		TPKVAL 7,76,1965
oral/mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 236 mg/kg		ENTOX* -,228,2005
oral/mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 195 mg/kg	Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral: Tremor Behavioral: Ataxia	GISAAA 33(1),46,1968
oral/rabbit	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 345 mg/kg		GISAAA 33(1),46,1968
oral/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 90 mg/kg		ENTOX* -,228,2005
skin/mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 250 mg/kg		85GMAT -,64,1982
skin/rabbit	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 515 mg/kg		WolMA# 18JAN1977
skin/rat	lowest published lethal dose: 1 gm/kg	Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair	UCPHAQ 2,69,1941
subcutaneous/mouse	lowest published lethal dose: 250 mg/kg	Behavioral: Muscle weakness Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)	TPKVAL 2,28,1961
subcutaneous/mouse	lethal dose (70 percent kill): 250 mg/kg	Gastrointestinal: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in both tubules and glomeruli	TPKVAL 2,28,1961
subcutaneous/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 150 mg/kg	Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Urine volume increased	AMPMAR 28,505,1967

Other Multiple Dose Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
inhalation/mouse	lowest published toxic concentration: 25 ppm/6H/90D- intermittent	Olfaction: Ulcerated nasal septum Olfaction: Other olfaction effects Liver: Other changes	NTIS** OTS0555021
inhalation/mouse	lowest published toxic concentration: 1 gm/m³/2W- intermittent	Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field	TPKVAL 2,28,1961
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 0.21 gm/m³/45D- intermittent	Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Blood: Changes in spleen Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field	TPKVAL 2,28,1961
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 0.21 gm/m³/30D- intermittent	Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Vascular: Other changes Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea	TPKVAL 2,28,1961
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 0.04 gm/m³/182D- intermittent	Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain	TPKVAL 2,28,1961
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 0.04 gm/m³/61D- intermittent	Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Recording from peripheral motor nerve Vascular: BP elevation not characterized in autonomic section	TPKVAL 2,28,1961
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 0.04 gm/m³/91D- intermittent	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other	TPKVAL 2,28,1961
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 0.04 gm/m³/197D- intermittent	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi Liver: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes	TPKVAL 2,28,1961
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 170 mg/m³/3H/17W- continuous	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field	TPKVAL 2,28,1961
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 1 gm/m³/2W- intermittent	Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field	TPKVAL 2,28,1961
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 20 mg/m³/24H/14W- continuous	Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning Blood: Other changes	GISAAA 31(9),7,1966
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 5 ppm/2H/5W- intermittent	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other transferases	HOCHE8 12,144,1994
intraperitoneal/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 120 mg/kg/16D- intermittent	Blood: Normocytic anemia Blood: Microcytosis with or without anemia	NTIS** OTS0542017
intraperitoneal/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 341 µg/kg/30D- intermittent	Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight Blood: Pigmented or nucleated red blood cells Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain	JPMSAE 61,1712,1972
intraperitoneal/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 2045 µg/kg/12W- intermittent	Brain and Coverings: Changes in brain weight Behavioral: Food intake (animal) Blood: Changes in other cell count (unspecified)	JPMSAE 61,1712,1972
intraperitoneal/wild bird	lowest published toxic dose: 60 mg/kg/3D- intermittent	Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field	IJEBA6 37,774,1999
oral/rabbit	lowest published toxic dose: 4872 mg/kg/9W- intermittent	Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins	GISAAA 33(1),46,1968
oral/rabbit	lowest published toxic dose: 91 mg/kg/9W- intermittent	Liver: Liver function tests impaired Blood: Changes in other cell count (unspecified) Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Plasma proteins not involving coagulation	GISAAA 33(1),46,1968
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 190 mg/kg/10D- intermittent	Gastrointestinal: Alteration in gastric secretion Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain	DCTODJ 19,41,1996
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 1218 mg/kg/9W- intermittent	Liver: Changes in liver weight Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins	GISAAA 33(1),46,1968
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 910 mg/kg/26W- intermittent	Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning	GISAAA 33(1),46,1968
subcutaneous/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 270 mg/kg/9D- intermittent	Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Liver: Other changes	WDZAEK 6,270,1992

Reviews

Organization	Standard	Reference
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)	Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 0.5 ppm (skin)	DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)	Threshold Limit Value-Confirmed animal carcinogen	DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence	IMEMDT 11,131,1976
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence	IMEMDT 71,603,1999
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence	IMSUDL 7,202,1987
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence	IMEMDT 71,603,1999
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Group 2A	IMEMDT 71,603,1999
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 566,21,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 543,201,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 567,227,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 567,109,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 567,151,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 567,347,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		FCTOD7 44,1699,2006
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		ENTOX* -,228,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 584,1,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 654,114,2008
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		HTOPA* 1,501,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		TXAPA9 243,180,2010
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 678,76,2009
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 751,49,2012
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 769,34,2014
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		FCTOD7 55,596,2013
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 802,1,2016
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 770,170,2016
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		RTOPDW 54,247,2009
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		RTOPDW 55,43,2009
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUTAEX 33,179,2018

Standards and Regulations

Organization	Standard	Reference
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-air	time-weighted average 5 ppm (19 mg/m³) (skin)	DTLVS* 3,98,1971
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV;
Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
Occupational Exposure Limit-ARAB Republic of Egypt	time-weighted average 2 ppm (10 mg/m³), Skin, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA	time-weighted average 2 ppm (7.6 mg/m³), JUL2008
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIA	TRK-TMW 3 ppm (12 mg/m³);KZW 12 ppm (48 mg/m³), skin, 2007
Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM	time-weighted average 0.5 ppm (2 mg/m³), Skin, Carcinogen, MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK	time-weighted average 0.5 ppm (1.9 mg/m³), skin, carc, MAY2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND	time-weighted average 0.5 ppm (1.9 mg/m³), skin, NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE	VLE 2 ppm (10 mg/m³), C2 Carcinogen, FEB2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARY	ceiling concentration 1.9 mg/m³, Skin, Carcinogen, SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND	time-weighted average 0.5 ppm (1.9 mg/m³), carc, skin, sen, NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPAN	2A carc, MAY2012
Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA	time-weighted average 2 ppm (10 mg/m³), 2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO	time-weighted average 2 ppm (10 mg/m³);short term exposure limit 5 ppm (20 mg/m³), 2004
Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND	time-weighted average 0.5 ppm (1.9 mg/m³); short term exposure limit 1.5 ppm (5.8 mg/m³), skin, JAN2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAY	time-weighted average 0.5 ppm (1.9 mg/m³), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU	time-weighted average 0.5 ppm (1.9 mg/m³), JUL2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-POLAND	MAC(time-weighted average) 1 mg/m³, short term exposure limit 8 mg/m³, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA	time-weighted average 1 mg/m³, short term exposure limit 2 mg/m³, Skin, JUN2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDEN	time-weighted average 0.5 ppm (1.9 mg/m³);short term exposure limit 1 ppm (4 mg/m³), Skin, Carcinogen, Sen, JUN2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND	MAK-week 2 ppm (8 mg/m³), carc 2, skin, sen, JAN2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDS	MAC-TGG 1.9 mg/m³, 2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINES	time-weighted average 5 ppm (19 mg/m³), Skin, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-TURKEY	time-weighted average 5 ppm (19 mg/m³), Skin, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOM	time-weighted average 0.5 ppm (1.9 mg/m³);short term exposure limit 1.5 ppm (5.8 mg/m³), carc, OCT2007
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction)	8H time-weighted average 5 ppm (19 mg/m³) (skin)	CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors)	8H time-weighted average 5 ppm (19 mg/m³) (skin)	CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry)	8H time-weighted average 5 ppm (19 mg/m³) (skin)	CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards)	8H time-weighted average 5 ppm (19 mg/m³) (skin)	CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993

NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance

Organization	Standard	Reference
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO EPICHLOROHYDRIN-air	Carcinogen lowest feasible concentration	NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983	Hazard Code 29010; Number of Industries 75; Total Number of Facilities 4249; Number of Occupations 87; Total Number of Employees Exposed 80170; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 14921
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974	Hazard Code 29010; Number of Industries 40; Total Number of Facilities 2004; Number of Occupations 58; Total Number of Employees Exposed 41380

Status in Federal Agencies

Organization	Reference
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: Mammalian micronucleus
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Sperm morphology-human; Sperm morphology-mouse
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: D melanogaster Sex-linked lethal; S pombe-forward mutation
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: E coli polA without S9; Histidine reversion-Ames test
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: In vitro cytogenetics-human lymphocyte
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: In vivo cytogenetics-human lymphocyte
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: N crassa-forward mutation; N crassa-reversion
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: S pombe-reversion
EPA TSCA 8(a) PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT INFORMATION, FINAL RULE	FEREAC 47,26992,82
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Epichlorohydrin, 1010
NIOSH CURRENT INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN 30, 1978
NTP 14th Report on Carcinogens,2016:Reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogen
On EPA IRIS database

Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018

Content source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health