Phthalic anhydride
RTECS #
TI3150000
CAS #
Updated
December 2018
Molecular Weight
148.12
Molecular Formula
C8H4O3
Synonyms
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid anhydride
1,3-Dioxophthalan
1,3-Isobenzofurandione
1,3-Phthalandione
Anhydrid kyseliny ftalove (Czech)
Anhydride phtalique (French)
Anidride ftalica (Italian)
ESEN
Ftaalzuuranhydride (Dutch)
Ftalanhydrid (Czech)
Ftalowy bezwodnik (Polish)
Isobenzofuran, 1,3-dihydro-1,3-dioxo-
NCI-C03601
Phthalandione
Phthalic acid anhydride
Phthalic anhydride (ACGIH:OSHA)
Phthalsaeureanhydrid (German)
RCRA waste number U190
Retarder AK
Retarder PD
Vulkalent B
1,3-Dioxophthalan
1,3-Isobenzofurandione
1,3-Phthalandione
Anhydrid kyseliny ftalove (Czech)
Anhydride phtalique (French)
Anidride ftalica (Italian)
ESEN
Ftaalzuuranhydride (Dutch)
Ftalanhydrid (Czech)
Ftalowy bezwodnik (Polish)
Isobenzofuran, 1,3-dihydro-1,3-dioxo-
NCI-C03601
Phthalandione
Phthalic acid anhydride
Phthalic anhydride (ACGIH:OSHA)
Phthalsaeureanhydrid (German)
RCRA waste number U190
Retarder AK
Retarder PD
Vulkalent B
Skin and Eye Irritation and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| eye /rabbit | 50 mg/24H | moderate | ATDAEI 15(Suppl 1),S68,1996 |
Mutation Data and Reference
| System Test | Route/Organism/Tissue | Dose | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| DNA Damage | liver/rat | 3 mmol/L | EMMUEG 24,181,1994 |
| DNA Damage | other cell types/human | 1000 µmol/L/24H | MUTAEX 31,83,2016 |
| micronucleus test | lymphocyte/mouse | 140 mg/L/3H | MUREAV 789,7,2015 |
| micronucleus test | other cell types/human | 150 mg/L/3H | MUREAV 789,7,2015 |
| micronucleus test | lung/hamster | 1380 mg/L/3H (-enzymatic activation step) | MUREAV 742,11,2012 |
| micronucleus test | other cell types/human | 575 mg/L/3H (-enzymatic activation step) | MUREAV 742,11,2012 |
| micronucleus test | liver/human | 1481 mg/L/3H (-enzymatic activation step) | MUREAV 742,11,2012 |
| specific locus test | other cell types/human | 1000 µmol/L/24H | EMMUEG 54,737,2013 |
Reproductive Effects Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/rat | 1 mg/m3 (45D male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | GISAAA 35(1),105,1970 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | 203 mg/kg (8-10D pregnant) | Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalities | TCMUD8 2,61,1982 |
Acute Toxicity Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells | Inhibitor Concentration (5 percent kill): 475 mg/L/30M | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell counting | TIVIEQ 27,857,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung | Inhibitor Concentration (20 percent kill): 1.33 mmol/L | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 30,274,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, lymphocyte | Inhibitor Concentration (30 percent kill): >200 mg/L/45H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc. | TIVIEQ 29,901,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, lymphocyte | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): >200 mg/L/45H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 29,901,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, melanoma | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 755.4 mg/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | FCTOD7 50,2084,2012 |
| In Vitro/Human, monocyte | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 2500 mg/L/2H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 27,1233,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, skin | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): >2000 µmol/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 29,688,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, skin | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): >2000 µmol/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell metabolic activity: Alamar Blue assay etc. | TIVIEQ 29,688,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, skin | Inhibitor Concentration (30 percent kill): 1994.9 µmol/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 29,688,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, skin | Inhibitor Concentration (30 percent kill): >2000 µmol/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell metabolic activity: Alamar Blue assay etc. | TIVIEQ 29,688,2015 |
| In Vitro/jrd | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): >3200 mg/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 28,626,2014 |
| intraperitoneal/guinea pig | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 100 mg/kg | 29ZWAE -,410,1968 | |
| intratracheal/rat | Lethal dose: >30 mg/kg | Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea Gastrointestinal: Necrotic changes Liver: Fatty liver degeneration | TPKVAL 2,59,1961 |
| ocular/rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 100 pph | Eye: Conjunctiva irritation | TPKVAL 4,35,1962 |
| oral/cat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 800 mg/kg | 85JCAE -,322,1986 | |
| oral/mouse | lowest published lethal dose: 1000 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in pulmonary vascular resistance Gastrointestinal: Ulceration or bleeding from stomach | TPKVAL 2,59,1961 |
| oral/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1500 mg/kg | TPKVAL 2,59,1961 | |
| oral/rat | lowest published lethal dose: 1500 mg/kg | TPKVAL 2,59,1961 | |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1530 mg/kg | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) | ATDAEI 15(Suppl 1),S68,1996 |
| rectal/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 400 mg/kg | FCTOD7 41,405,2003 |
Other Multiple Dose Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 15 mg/m3/3D- intermittent | Immunological Including Allergic: Increased immune response Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TXCYAC 261,103,2009 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.1 gm/m3/14D- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Liver: Other changes | TPKVAL 2,59,1961 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 500 µg/m3/5D- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Immunological Including Allergic: Increase in humoral response | TOXID9 60,173,2001 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.008 gm/m3/30D- intermittent | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Recording from peripheral motor nerve Blood: Eosinophilia Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | TPKVAL 4,35,1962 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.008 gm/m3/0.5Y- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi Liver: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) | TPKVAL 4,35,1962 |
| oral/guinea pig | lowest published toxic dose: 6 gm/kg/42D- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Gastrointestinal: Gastritis Gastrointestinal: Other changes | TPKVAL 2,59,1961 |
| oral/guinea pig | lowest published toxic dose: 10500 mg/kg/42D- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | TPKVAL 2,59,1961 |
| oral/guinea pig | lowest published toxic dose: 7000 mg/kg/28D- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in pulmonary vascular resistance Gastrointestinal: Gastritis Gastrointestinal: Necrotic changes | TPKVAL 2,59,1961 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 7000 mg/kg/4W- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | TERP2* -,310,2004 |
| skin/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 25 pph/3D- intermittent | Immunological Including Allergic: Increased immune response Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TXCYAC 261,103,2009 |
| skin/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 1036 mg/kg/13D- intermittent | Immunological Including Allergic: Increase in cellular immune response Immunological Including Allergic: Hypersensitivity delayed (multiple organ involvement) | JJATDK 20,221,2000 |
| skin/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 3 mg/kg/3D- intermittent | Immunological Including Allergic: Increase in cellular immune response | JJATDK 20,221,2000 |
| skin/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 60 mg/kg/3D- intermittent | Skin: After topical application: Cutaneous sensitization (experimental) Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TXAPA9 184,46,2002 |
| skin/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 90 mg/kg/3D- intermittent | Skin: After topical application: Cutaneous sensitization (experimental) | TXCYAC 193,191,2003 |
| unreported route/guinea pig | lowest published toxic dose: 5000 mg/kg/50D- intermittent | Cardiac: Other changes Liver: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes | TPKVAL 2,59,1961 |
Reviews
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 1 ppm (sen) | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-Not classifiable as a human carcinogen | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | BPCT** -,183,1974 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | EVHPAZ 4,3,1973 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | CMTVAS 10(3),49,1973 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 140-141,213,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | EMMUEG 43,36,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 584,1,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 653,99,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTOD7 49,1877,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTOD7 55,596,2013 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 802,1,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 55,43,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 56,54,2010 |
Standards and Regulations
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-air | time-weighted average 2 ppm (12 mg/m3) | DTLVS* 3,212,1971 |
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV; | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA | time-weighted average 1 ppm (6.1 mg/m3), JUL2008 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIA | MAK-TMW 1 mg/m3;KZW 2 mg/m3, inhal, sen, 2007 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | time-weighted average 1 ppm (6.2 mg/m3), MAR2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK | time-weighted average 1 mg/m3, MAY2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND | time-weighted average 0.2 mg/m3, NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE | VLE 6 mg/m3, FEB2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARY | time-weighted average 1 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 1 mg/m3, SEP2000 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND | time-weighted average 1 ppm (6 mg/m3), sen, NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPAN | ceiling concentration 0.33 ppm (0.2 mg/m3), a1 sen, MAY2012 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA | time-weighted average 1 ppm (6 mg/m3), 2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO | time-weighted average 1 ppm (6 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 4 ppm (24 mg/m3), 2004 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND | time-weighted average 1 ppm (6.1 mg/m3), sen, JAN2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAY | time-weighted average 2 mg/m3, JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU | time-weighted average 1 ppm (6 mg/m3), JUL2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-POLAND | MAC(time-weighted average) 1 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 2 mg/m3 (vapors and aerosols), JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA | short term exposure limit 1 mg/m3, Skin, JUN2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDEN | time-weighted average 2 mg/m3, ceiling concentration 3 mg/m3, Sen, JUN2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND | ceiling concentration 1 mg/m3, inhal, sen, JAN2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDS | MAC-TGG 1 mg/m3, 2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINES | time-weighted average 2 ppm (12 mg/m3), JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOM | time-weighted average 4 mg/m3;short term exposure limit 12 mg/m3, sen, OCT2007 | |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) | 8H time-weighted average 2 ppm (12 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) | 8H time-weighted average 2 ppm (12 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) | 8H time-weighted average 2 ppm (12 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) | 8H time-weighted average 2 ppm (12 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993 |
NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE-air | 10H time-weighted average 1 ppm | NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992 |
| National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 | Hazard Code 59230; Number of Industries 72; Total Number of Facilities 5265; Number of Occupations 67; Total Number of Employees Exposed 81312; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 14675 | |
| National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 | Hazard Code 59230; Number of Industries 128; Total Number of Facilities 10056; Number of Occupations 90; Total Number of Employees Exposed 134716 |
Status in Federal Agencies
| Organization | Reference |
|---|---|
| EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat | |
| EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY | |
| EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies | |
| EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001 | |
| NCI Carcinogenesis Bioassay (feed);no evidence:mouse,rat | NCITR* NCI-TR-159,1979 |
| On EPA IRIS database | |
| OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #90 |
Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018
Content
source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health