Phthalic acid, diethyl ester
RTECS #
TI1050000
CAS #
Updated
March 2019
Molecular Weight
222.26
Molecular Formula
C12H14O4
Synonyms
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, diethyl ester
Anozol
DEP
Diethyl 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate
Diethyl o-phthalate
Diethyl phthalate
Diethyl phthalate (ACGIH)
Diethylester kyseliny ftalove (Czech)
DPX-F5384
Ethyl phthalate
NCI-C60048
Neantine
o-Benzenedicarboxylic acid diethyl ester
Palatinol A
Phthalol
Phthalsaeurediaethylester (German)
Placidol E
RCRA waste number U088
Solvanol
Unimoll DA
Anozol
DEP
Diethyl 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate
Diethyl o-phthalate
Diethyl phthalate
Diethyl phthalate (ACGIH)
Diethylester kyseliny ftalove (Czech)
DPX-F5384
Ethyl phthalate
NCI-C60048
Neantine
o-Benzenedicarboxylic acid diethyl ester
Palatinol A
Phthalol
Phthalsaeurediaethylester (German)
Placidol E
RCRA waste number U088
Solvanol
Unimoll DA
Skin and Eye Irritation and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| eye /rabbit | 112 mg | JPETAB 82,377,1944 | |
| skin /human | 2%/3W- intermittent | mild | FCTOD7 41,589,2003 |
Mutation Data and Reference
| System Test | Route/Organism/Tissue | Dose | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| mutation in microorganisms | /Salmonella typhimurium | 200 µg/plate (+enzymatic activation step) | JTEHD6 16,61,1985 |
Reproductive Effects Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| intraperitoneal/rat | 506 mg/kg (5-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | JPMSAE 61,51,1972 |
| oral/mouse | 171 gm/kg (7D male/7D pre-21D after birth) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Live birth index (Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured after birth) | TXAPA9 88,255,1987 |
| oral/mouse | 171 gm/kg (7D male/7D pre-21D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Physical | TXAPA9 88,255,1987 |
| oral/mouse | 3.64 gm/kg (multigenerations) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) | NTIS** #PB85118636 |
| oral/mouse | 3.64 gm/kg (multigenerations) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Hepatobiliary system Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | NTIS** #PB85118636 |
| oral/mouse | 3.64 gm/kg (multigenerations) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Hepatobiliary system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | NTIS** #PB85118636 |
| oral/mouse | 3.64 gm/kg (multigenerations) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | NTIS** #PB85118636 |
| oral/mouse | 11.9 gm/kg (7D male/7D prior to copulation/21D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) | NTIS** #PB85118636 |
| oral/rat | 32100 mg/kg (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Other effects on female | HPV349 -,-,2001 |
| oral/rat | 25 gm/kg (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | TJADAB 48,33,1993 |
| skin/mouse | 101 gm/kg (1-17D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | OYYAA2 33,387,1987 |
| skin/rabbit | 26 mL/kg (6-18D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | NTIS** OTS0572465 |
Tumorigenic Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| skin/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 618 mL/kg/2Y- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors | NTPTR* NTP-TR-429,1995 |
Acute Toxicity Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| In Vitro/Human, endocrine tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 10 mg/L/48H | Endocrine: Estrogenic | TOLED5 217,50,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 5 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | FCTOD7 65,105,2014 |
| In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells | Inhibitor Concentration (5 percent kill): 13300 mg/L/30M | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell counting | TIVIEQ 27,857,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1420 mg/L/30M | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 27,857,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells | Inhibitor Concentration (25 percent kill): 600.0 mg/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc. | TIVIEQ 26,1150,2012 |
| In Vitro/Human, lymphocyte | Inhibitor Concentration (30 percent kill): >200 mg/L/45H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc. | TIVIEQ 29,901,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, lymphocyte | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 167 mg/L/45H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 29,901,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, monocyte | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 512 mg/L/2H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 27,1233,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, skin | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 5 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | FCTOD7 65,105,2014 |
| In Vitro/Human, skin | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): >2000 µmol/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TXAPA9 245,281,2010 |
| In Vitro/jrd | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 100 mg/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro | TOLED5 217,50,2013 |
| In Vitro/nta | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 10 mg/L/96H | Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | TOLED5 217,50,2013 |
| In Vitro/nta | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 5 µmol/L/4H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell Viability (cell death), unspecified assay | TIVIEQ 30,383,2015 |
| In Vitro/nta | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 5 µmol/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell morphology: overgrowth of cell appendixes etc. In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 30,383,2015 |
| In Vitro/nta | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 11 mg/L/8H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell Viability (cell death), unspecified assay | TIVIEQ 30,383,2015 |
| In Vitro/nta | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 11 mg/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell morphology: overgrowth of cell appendixes etc. In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 30,383,2015 |
| In Vitro/Rat, testis | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 100 µmol/L/24H | Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TIVIEQ 36,210,2016 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 mg/m3 | Eye: Lacrimation Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cough Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | AGGHAR 5,1,1933 |
| inhalation/rat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): >4640 mg/m3/6H | HPV349 -,-,2001 | |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2749 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Blood: Changes in spleen | FEPRA7 6,342,1947 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 5058 µL/kg | JPMSAE 61,51,1972 | |
| intravenous/rabbit | lowest published lethal dose: 100 mg/kg | AGGHAR 5,1,1933 | |
| oral/guinea pig | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 8600 mg/kg | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral: Withdrawal Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | GTPZAB 24(3),25,1980 |
| oral/man | lowest published toxic dose: 357 µL/kg | Eye: Miosis (pupilliary constriction) Behavioral: General anesthetic Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea | YAKUD5 32,1456,1990 |
| oral/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 6172 mg/kg | GTPZAB 17(11),51,1973 | |
| oral/non-mammalian species | lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg | Blood: Granulocytopenia Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases | AQUTO* 74,160,2005 |
| oral/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1 gm/kg | 14CYAT 2,1904,1963 | |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 8600 mg/kg | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral: Withdrawal Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | GTPZAB 24(3),25,1980 |
| skin/guinea pig | lethal dose (50 percent kill): >20 mL/kg | HPV349 -,-,2001 | |
| subcutaneous/guinea pig | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3 gm/kg | 14CYAT 2,1904,1963 | |
| Tank with water/Zebrafish | lowest published toxic concentration: 11 mg/L/4W | Liver: Fatty liver degeneration Endocrine: Hypoglycemia | TIVIEQ 30,383,2015 |
| Tank with water/Zebrafish | lowest published toxic concentration: 22 mg/L/4W | Aquatic organism effects: Growth retardation Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases | TIVIEQ 30,383,2015 |
| unreported route/guinea pig | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3 gm/kg | GISAAA 55(9),26,1990 | |
| unreported route/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 8600 mg/kg | GTPZAB 32(7),52,1988 | |
| unreported route/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 9500 mg/kg | GTPZAB 32(7),52,1988 |
Other Multiple Dose Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| oral/non-mammalian species | lowest published toxic dose: 20 mg/kg/4D- intermittent | Blood: Granulocytopenia Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | AQUTO* 74,160,2005 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1120 mg/kg/28D- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight | ARTODN 80,10,2006 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 28000 mg/kg/28D- intermittent | Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight | ARTODN 80,10,2006 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1120 mg/kg/28D- intermittent | Blood: Change in clotting factors Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | ARTODN 80,10,2006 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 28000 mg/kg/28D- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Endocrine: Other changes | ARTODN 80,10,2006 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 14000 mg/kg/4W- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) | TERP2* -,310,2004 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 85.5 mg/kg/150D- continuous | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | PCBPBS 90,52,2008 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 84000 mg/kg/16W- continuous | Behavioral: Food intake (animal) Liver: Changes in liver weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | HPV349 -,,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 44240 mg/kg/14D- continuous | Liver: Changes in liver weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | FCTXAV 16,415,1978 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 133 gm/kg/6W- continuous | Liver: Changes in liver weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | FCTXAV 16,415,1978 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 354 gm/kg/16W- continuous | Gastrointestinal: Other changes Liver: Changes in liver weight Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | FCTXAV 16,415,1978 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 25200 mg/kg/3W- continuous | Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) | TOLED5 10,379,1982 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 7636 mg/kg/4D- continuous | Behavioral: Food intake (animal) Behavioral: Fluid intake Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | NTIS** #PB89-140081/AS |
| skin/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 25 mL/kg/4W- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | NTPTR* NTP-TR-429,1995 |
| skin/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 24 mL/kg/4W- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight | NTPTR* NTP-TR-429,1995 |
Reviews
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 5 mg/m3 | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-Not classifiable as a human carcinogen | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | EVHPAZ 3,73,1973 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RREVAH 54,1,1975 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | EVHPAZ 4,3,1973 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ESKHA5 (93),1,1975 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | JACTDZ 4(3),267,1985 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FAATDF 13,747,1989 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTOD7 39,97,2001 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 543,201,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | EMCPT* 2,137,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | IJTOFN 24,1,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | CRTXB2 36,695,2006 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 25,192,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 22,291,2006 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | HUTOX* -,649,1996 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 34,298,2012 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 202,36,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NRTXDN 41,112,2014 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TXAPA9 261,227,2012 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NETEEC 36,17,2013 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NRTXDN 55,92,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTOD7 109,1,2017 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ENVIN* 94,758,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 60,120,2011 |
Standards and Regulations
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION | FEREAC 54,7740,1989 | |
| Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1998 STATUS OF PESTICIDES | Cancelled | RBREV* -,270,1998 |
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV; | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA | time-weighted average 5 mg/m3, JUL2008 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIA | MAK-TMW 3 mg/m3;KZW 5 mg/m3, 2007 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | time-weighted average 5 mg/m3, MAR2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK | time-weighted average 3 mg/m3, MAY2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND | time-weighted average 5 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 10 mg/m3, NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE | VME 5 mg/m3, FEB2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND | time-weighted average 3 mg/m3, NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPAN | Occupational Exposure Limit 5 mg/m3, MAY2012 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA | time-weighted average 5 mg/m3, 2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO | time-weighted average 5 mg/m3;short term exposure limit 10 mg/m3, 2004 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND | time-weighted average 5 mg/m3, JAN2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAY | time-weighted average 3 mg/m3, JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU | time-weighted average 5 mg/m3, JUL2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-POLAND | MAC(time-weighted average) 5 mg/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) 15 mg/m3, JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA | time-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 1.5 mg/m3, JUN2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDEN | time-weighted average 3 mg/m3;short term exposure limit 5 mg/m3, JUN2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND | MAK-week 5 mg/m3, inhal, JAN2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOM | time-weighted average 5 mg/m3;short term exposure limit 10 mg/m3, OCT2007 |
NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO DIETHYL PHTHALATE-air | 10H time-weighted average 5 mg/m3 | NIOSH* DHHS #95-121,1995 |
| National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 | Hazard Code 81806; Number of Industries 120; Total Number of Facilities 16408; Number of Occupations 98; Total Number of Employees Exposed 239149; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 108580 | |
| National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 | Hazard Code 81806; Number of Industries 30; Total Number of Facilities 1334; Number of Occupations 49; Total Number of Employees Exposed 109691 |
Status in Federal Agencies
| Organization | Reference |
|---|---|
| ATSDR TOXICOLOGY PROFILE (NTIS** PB/95/264214/AS) | |
| EPA TSCA 8(a) PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT INFORMATION, FINAL RULE | FEREAC 47,26992,82 |
| EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY | |
| EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies | |
| EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001 | |
| NCI Carcinogenesis Studies (derm);equivocal evidence:mouse | |
| NCI Carcinogenesis Studies (derm);no evidence:mouse,rat | |
| On EPA IRIS database | |
| OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #104 |
Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018
Content
source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health