Phenol
RTECS #
SJ3325000
CAS #
Updated
December 2018
Molecular Weight
94.12
Molecular Formula
C6H6O
Synonyms
Acide carbolique (French)
Baker's P and S Liquid and Ointment
Benzenol
Carbolic acid
Carbolsaure (German)
Fenol (Dutch, Polish)
Fenolo (Italian)
Hydroxybenzene
Monohydroxybenzene
Monophenol
NCI-C50124
Oxybenzene
Phenic acid
Phenol (ACGIH:OSHA)
Phenol alcohol
Phenole (German)
Phenyl hydrate
Phenyl hydroxide
Phenylic acid
Phenylic alcohol
RCRA waste number U188
Baker's P and S Liquid and Ointment
Benzenol
Carbolic acid
Carbolsaure (German)
Fenol (Dutch, Polish)
Fenolo (Italian)
Hydroxybenzene
Monohydroxybenzene
Monophenol
NCI-C50124
Oxybenzene
Phenic acid
Phenol (ACGIH:OSHA)
Phenol alcohol
Phenole (German)
Phenyl hydrate
Phenyl hydroxide
Phenylic acid
Phenylic alcohol
RCRA waste number U188
Skin and Eye Irritation and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| eye /rabbit | 5 mg | severe | UCDS** 1/6/1966 |
| eye /rabbit | 5 mg/30S rinse | mild | TXCYAC 23,281,1982 |
| skin /pig | 400 µL/30S | severe | TIHEEC 17,95,2001 |
| skin /rabbit | 535 mg open irritation test | severe | UCDS** 1/6/1966 |
| skin /rabbit | 100 mg | mild | KSGZA3 33,518,1980 |
Mutation Data and Reference
| System Test | Route/Organism/Tissue | Dose | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cytogenetic Analysis | multiple/other fish | 300 nL/L | JFIBA9 26,13,1985 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | ovary/hamster | 2 gm/L | SCIEAS 236,933,1987 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | embryo/hamster | 100 µmol/L | MUREAV 373,113,1997 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | other cell types/human | 300 µmol/L/30H | MUREAV 650,39,2008 |
| DNA Damage | lymphocyte/mammal (species unspecified) | 250 mmol/L | PNASA6 48,686,1962 |
| DNA Damage | lymphocyte/mouse | 1500 µmol/L | MUREAV 203,155,1988 |
| DNA inhibition | oral/mouse | 20 gm/kg | ARGEAR 51,605,1981 |
| DNA inhibition | lymphocyte/mouse | 800 µmol/L | MOPMA3 28,560,1985 |
| DNA inhibition | HeLa cell/human | 1 mmol/L | SAIGBL 16,453,1974 |
| DNA inhibition | lung/hamster | 1900 µmol/L | MUTAEX 3,51,1988 |
| gene conversion and mitotic recombination | /Aspergillus nidulans | 15 µmol/L | MUTAEX 2,235,1987 |
| micronucleus test | oral/mouse | 265 mg/kg | MUREAV 208,61,1988 |
| micronucleus test | intraperitoneal/mouse | 265 mg/kg | MUREAV 209,23,1988 |
| micronucleus test | fibroblast/hamster | 10 µmol/L/48H | MUREAV 770,37,2014 |
| micronucleus test | embryo/hamster | 500 mg/L/4H (+enzymatic activation step) | MUREAV 561,153,2004 |
| micronucleus test | lung/hamster | 4 mmol/L | EVHPAZ 82,81,1989 |
| micronucleus test | ovary/hamster | 175 mg/L | EMMUEG 26,240,1995 |
| morphological transform | embryo/hamster | 10 µmol/L | MUREAV 373,113,1997 |
| mutation in mammalian somatic cells | embryo/hamster | 3 mmol/L | MUREAV 373,113,1997 |
| mutation in mammalian somatic cells | lymphocyte/mouse | 1890 µmol/L | MUTAEX 3,193,1988 |
| mutation in microorganisms | lymphocyte/mouse | 300 mg/L (+enzymatic activation step) | SCIEAS 236,933,1987 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Salmonella typhimurium | 40 µmol/plate (-enzymatic activation step) | MUREAV 90,91,1981 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Other microorganisms | 200 mg/L/8H (-enzymatic activation step) | MUREAV 492,13,2001 |
| other mutation test systems | bone marrow/rabbit | 250 µmol/L | AJIMD8 7,485,1985 |
| other mutation test systems | HeLa cell/human | 17 mg/L | WATRAG 19,677,1985 |
| other mutation test systems | lymphocyte/human | 5 µmol/L | CNREA8 45,2471,1985 |
| other mutation test systems | other cell types/mouse | 2500 µmol/L | CBTOE2 2,231,1986 |
| sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction | ovary/Drosophila melanogaster | 100 ppm | NATUAS 157,162,1946 |
| sister chromatid exchange | lymphocyte/human | 5 µmol/L | CNREA8 45,2471,1985 |
| sister chromatid exchange | ovary/hamster | 300 mg/L | SCIEAS 236,933,1987 |
| sister chromatid exchange | embryo/hamster | 1 mmol/L | MUREAV 373,113,1997 |
| Unscheduled DNA Synthesis | embryo/hamster | 3 µmol/L | MUREAV 373,113,1997 |
| Unscheduled DNA Synthesis | oral/rat | 4 gm/kg | JJIND8 74,1283,1985 |
Reproductive Effects Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| intraperitoneal/rat | 600 mg/kg (12-14D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | TXAPA9 19,373,1971 |
| oral/mouse | 2300 mg/kg (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death | NTIS** PB85-104461 |
| oral/mouse | 2600 mg/kg (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | NTIS** PB85-104461 |
| oral/mouse | 4 gm/kg (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | NTIS** PB85-104461 |
| oral/mouse | 2800 mg/kg (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue) | TJADAB 33,92C,1986 |
| oral/mouse | 2800 mg/kg (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue) | NTIS** #PB83-247726 |
| oral/rat | 300 mg/kg (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | NTIS** #PB83-247726 |
| oral/mouse | 1980 mg/kg (6-16D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Extra embryonic structures (e.g., placenta, umbilical cord) | TOLED5 196S,S186,2010 |
| oral/rat | 300 mg/kg (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) | NTIS** PB83-247726 |
| oral/rat | 1200 mg/kg (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | NTIS** PB83-247726 |
| oral/rat | 3600 mg/kg (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Other effects on female Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | NTIS** OTS0573554 |
| oral/rat | 1200 mg/kg (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Other effects on female | NTIS** OTS0537777 |
Tumorigenic Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| skin/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 16 gm/kg/40W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages: Tumors | CNREA8 19,413,1959 |
| skin/mouse | toxic dose: 4000 mg/kg/24W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages: Tumors | CNREA8 19,413,1959 |
Acute Toxicity Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| In Vitro/Chicken, neurons | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 7470 µmol/L/21H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 7,653,1993 |
| In Vitro/Chicken, neurons | Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 1862 µmol/L/21H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 7,653,1993 |
| In Vitro/Chicken, neurons | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 3642 µmol/L/20H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | TIVIEQ 7,653,1993 |
| In Vitro/Chicken, neurons | Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 614 µmol/L/20H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | TIVIEQ 7,653,1993 |
| In Vitro/Human, HeLa cell | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 100 mg/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) | TIVIEQ 5,225,1991 |
| In Vitro/Human, HeLa cell | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 230 mg/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell proliferation: DNA incorporation, mitotic index etc. | TIVIEQ 5,225,1991 |
| In Vitro/Human, kidney | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 100 µmol/L/6H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) | TXCYAC 290,82,2011 |
| In Vitro/Human, kidney | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 100 µmol/L/12H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TXCYAC 290,82,2011 |
| In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1.6 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc. | TOLED5 203,190,2011 |
| In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 0.8 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TOLED5 203,190,2011 |
| In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 800 µmol/L/72H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell differentiation | TXCYAC 312,108,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 3.02 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 8,47,1994 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 9.67 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 8,47,1994 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 3.47 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 8,47,1994 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 14.66 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 8,47,1994 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 10 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell protein synthesis | TIVIEQ 3,189,1989 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 0.1 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 27,1151,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, lymphocyte | Inhibitor Concentration (30 percent kill): 102 mg/L/45H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc. | TIVIEQ 29,901,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, lymphocyte | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 22 mg/L/45H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 29,901,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, skin | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): >2000 µmol/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TXAPA9 245,281,2010 |
| In Vitro/Human, skin | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 40 mg/well/3M | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 28,616,2014 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 2.47 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 8,47,1994 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 9.91 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 8,47,1994 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1.2 gm/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TOXRE* 2,194,2015 |
| In Vitro/mtb | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 0.59 mmol/L/5D | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell differentiation | TOLED5 213,235,2012 |
| In Vitro/Non-mammalian species, fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 10.4 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell counting | TIVIEQ 7,537,1993 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 1.12 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 8,47,1994 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 3.3 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 8,47,1994 |
| In Vitro/Rat, lung | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 0.36 gm/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity (prelabeled cells): release of radioactive isotopes ([51Cr], [3H]-thymidine, [3H]-proline, [35S]- or [75Se]-methionine, 5-[125I]-2-deoxy-uridine) or fluorescent dyes (bis-carboxyethyl-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) or calcein-AM) | TIVIEQ 7,111,1993 |
| In Vitro/Rat, lung | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 1 gm/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 7,111,1993 |
| In Vitro/Rat, lung | Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 0.03 gm/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity (prelabeled cells): release of radioactive isotopes ([51Cr], [3H]-thymidine, [3H]-proline, [35S]- or [75Se]-methionine, 5-[125I]-2-deoxy-uridine) or fluorescent dyes (bis-carboxyethyl-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) or calcein-AM) | TIVIEQ 7,111,1993 |
| In Vitro/Rat, lung | Inhibitor Concentration (75 percent kill): 1.7 gm/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity (prelabeled cells): release of radioactive isotopes ([51Cr], [3H]-thymidine, [3H]-proline, [35S]- or [75Se]-methionine, 5-[125I]-2-deoxy-uridine) or fluorescent dyes (bis-carboxyethyl-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) or calcein-AM) | TIVIEQ 7,111,1993 |
| In Vitro/Rat, lung | Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 0.2 gm/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 7,111,1993 |
| In Vitro/Rat, lung | Inhibitor Concentration (75 percent kill): 2.8 gm/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 7,111,1993 |
| inhalation/mouse | Lowest published lethal concentration: 110 mg/m3/4H | VCVGK* -,197,1994 | |
| inhalation/mouse | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 177 mg/m3 | GISAAA 41(6),103,1976 | |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 15 ppm/6M | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression | TOLED5 9,137,1981 |
| inhalation/mouse | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 177 mg/m3/4H | VCVGK* -,197,1994 | |
| inhalation/rat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 316 mg/m3/4H | VCVGK* -,197,1994 | |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 110 mg/m3/4H | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Proteases | VCVGK* -,197,1994 |
| inhalation/rat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 316 mg/m3 | GISAAA 41(6),103,1976 | |
| inhalation/rat | Lowest published lethal concentration: 232 mg/m3/4H | VCVGK* -,197,1994 | |
| intraperitoneal/guinea pig | lowest published lethal dose: 300 mg/kg | HBTXAC 1,228,1955 | |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease | TOXID9 72,207,2003 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg | Immunological Including Allergic: Hypersensitivity delayed (multiple organ involvement) | TOXID9 66,72,2002 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 180 mg/kg | PHMCAA 10,172,1968 | |
| intraperitoneal/rabbit | lowest published lethal dose: 620 mg/kg | JPETAB 80,233,1944 | |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 127 mg/kg | FCTOD7 22,665,1984 | |
| intravenous/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 112 mg/kg | Behavioral: Tremor | QJPPAL 12,212,1939 |
| intravenous/rabbit | lowest published lethal dose: 180 mg/kg | JPETAB 80,233,1944 | |
| oral/cat | lowest published lethal dose: 80 mg/kg | HBAMAK 4,1319,1935 | |
| oral/Dog | lowest published lethal dose: 500 mg/kg | HBAMAK 4,1319,1935 | |
| oral/human | lowest published lethal dose: 14 gm/kg | Behavioral: Muscle weakness Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cyanosis | 34ZIAG -,463,1969 |
| oral/human | lowest published lethal dose: 140 mg/kg | Behavioral: Hallucinations, distorted perceptions Skin and Appendages: Other: Sweating | 29ZWAE -,329,1968 |
| oral/infant | lowest published lethal dose: 10 mg/kg | Behavioral: Muscle weakness Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cyanosis | 34ZIAG -,463,1969 |
| oral/mammal (species unspecified) | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 500 mg/kg | GTPZAB 32(10),25,1988 | |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 265 mg/kg/12H | Blood: Changes in bone marrow not included in above | MUREAV 208,61,1988 |
| oral/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 270 mg/kg | GISAAA 38(8),6,1973 | |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 180 mg/kg/10D | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) | TOLED5 196S,S106,2010 |
| oral/rabbit | lowest published lethal dose: 420 mg/kg | JPETAB 80,233,1944 | |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 317 mg/kg | Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold | PSEBAA 32,592,1935 |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 512 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,197,1994 | |
| parenteral/frog | lowest published lethal dose: 290 mg/kg | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Spastic paralysis with/without sensory change Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Cardiac: Other changes | AEPPAE 166,437,1932 |
| parenteral/man | lowest published toxic dose: 105.3 mg/kg | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Sensory change involving peripheral nerve Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Renal function tests depressed | JTCTDW 46,250,2008 |
| skin/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 329 mg/kg/30M | Skin: After topical application: Primary irritation Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TOXID9 60,42,2001 |
| skin/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 72.73 µL/kg | Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | JOETD7 154,330,2014 |
| skin/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 66.7 mg/kg | Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | JOETD7 136,504,2011 |
| skin/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 630 mg/kg | UCDS** 1/6/1966 | |
| skin/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 669 mg/kg | Behavioral: Tremor Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Hematuria Skin: After topical application: Cutaneous sensitization (experimental) | BJIMAG 27,155,1970 |
| skin/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1500 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,197,1994 | |
| subcutaneous/cat | lowest published lethal dose: 80 mg/kg | JPETAB 80,233,1944 | |
| subcutaneous/frog | lowest published lethal dose: 290 mg/kg | HBTXAC 1,228,1955 | |
| subcutaneous/frog | lowest published lethal dose: 75 mg/kg | HBAMAK 4,1319,1935 | |
| subcutaneous/guinea pig | lowest published lethal dose: 450 mg/kg | HBTXAC 1,228,1955 | |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 344 mg/kg | INHEAO 5,143,1967 | |
| subcutaneous/rabbit | lowest published lethal dose: 620 mg/kg | JPETAB 80,233,1944 | |
| subcutaneous/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 300 mg/kg | TOXID9 66,266,2002 | |
| unreported route/cat | lowest published lethal dose: 250 mg/kg | RMSRA6 15,561,1895 | |
| unreported route/Dog | lowest published lethal dose: 200 mg/kg | RMSRA6 15,561,1895 | |
| unreported route/man | lowest published toxic dose: 5714 µg/kg | Olfaction: Other olfaction effects | VHTODE 41,151,1999 |
| unreported route/rabbit | lowest published lethal dose: 150 mg/kg | RMSRA6 15,561,1895 |
Other Multiple Dose Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 150 µg/m3/8H/26W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases | KHZDAN 16,33,1973 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 5 mg/m3/4H/17W- intermittent | Liver: Liver function tests impaired Endocrine: Effect on menstrual cycle Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count | GISAAA 37(10),105,1972 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 100 µg/m3/24H/61D- continuous | Behavioral: Muscle contraction or spasticity Blood: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: True cholinesterase | GISAAA 38(7),7,1973 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.5 mg/m3/4H/122D- intermittent | Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | VCVGK* -,197,1994 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 650 mg/kg/17D- intermittent | Blood: Other changes | TXCYAC 220,126,2006 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 1800 mg/kg/10D- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TOLED5 180S,S141,2008 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 174 mg/kg/28D- continuous | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count Immunological Including Allergic: Decreased immune response | EPEPEG 228,107,1992 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 2800 mg/kg/10D- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | NTIS** #PB83-247726 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 2800 mg/kg/10D- intermittent | Behavioral: Tremor Behavioral: Ataxia | NTIS** #PB83-247726 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 22750 mg/kg/13W- continuous | Behavioral: Food intake (animal) Behavioral: Fluid intake Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | TOXID9 48,359,1999 |
Reviews
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 5 ppm (skin) | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-Not classifiable as a human carcinogen | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Animal Inadequate Evidence | IMEMDT 47,263,1989 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Animal Inadequate Evidence | IMEMDT 71,749,1999 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence | IMEMDT 47,263,1989 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence | IMEMDT 71,749,1999 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Group 3 | IMEMDT 71,749,1999 |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | CMTVAS 10(3),49,1973 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | JIHTAB 31,146,1949 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 47,75,1978 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FNSCA6 2,67,1973 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ZKKOBW 78,99,1972 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 566,99,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 134,3,2002 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 140-141,53,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | JEADV* 13,14,1999 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 589,208,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | CHHSA* 10,20,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 627,78,2007 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 584,1,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 25,192,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 23,428,2007 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 654,114,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 681,80,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 21,225,2006 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 23,271,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 721,27,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 28,485,2013 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 763,36,2014 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTOD7 55,596,2013 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 786-788,14,2015 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTOD7 94,93,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 802,1,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 31,347,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 32,491,2017 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 61,120,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 73,175,2017 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 55,43,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 55,52,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 58,395,2010 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 59,364,2011 |
Standards and Regulations
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION | FEREAC 54,7740,1989 | |
| Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1998 STATUS OF PESTICIDES | Supported | RBREV* -,331,1998 |
| Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-air | time-weighted average 5 ppm (19 mg/m3) (skin) | DTLVS* 3,203,1971 |
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV; | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit-ARAB Republic of Egypt | time-weighted average 5 ppm (19 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA | time-weighted average 1 ppm (4 mg/m3), JUL2008 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIA | MAK-TMW 2 ppm (7.8 mg/m3), skin, 2007 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | time-weighted average 2 ppm (7.8 mg/m3), Skin, MAR2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK | time-weighted average 1 ppm (4 mg/m3), skin, MAY2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-EC | time-weighted average 7.8 mg/m3 (2 ppm), skin, JUN2000 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND | time-weighted average 2 ppm (8 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 4 ppm (16 mg/m3), skin, NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE | VME 2 ppm (7.8 mg/m3), Skin, FEB2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARY | time-weighted average 7.8 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 78 mg/m3, Skin, SEP2000 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND | time-weighted average 1 ppm (4 mg/m3), skin, NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPAN | Occupational Exposure Limit 5 ppm (19 mg/m3), skin, MAY2012 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA | time-weighted average 5 ppm (19 mg/m3), skin, 2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO | time-weighted average 5 ppm (19 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 10 ppm (38 mg/m3) (skin), 2004 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND | time-weighted average 5 ppm (19 mg/m3), skin, JAN2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAY | time-weighted average 1 ppm (4 mg/m3), JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU | time-weighted average 5 ppm (19 mg/m3), JUL2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-POLAND | MAC(time-weighted average) 10 mg/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) 20 mg/m3, JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA | time-weighted average 0.3 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 1 mg/m3, Skin, JUN2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDEN | time-weighted average 1 ppm (4 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 2 ppm (8 mg/m3), Skin, JUN2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND | ceiling concentration 5 ppm (19 mg/m3), skin, JAN2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THAILAND | time-weighted average 5 ppm (19 mg/m3), JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDS | MAC-TGG 8 mg/m3, Skin, 2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINES | time-weighted average 5 ppm (10 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-TURKEY | time-weighted average 5 ppm (19 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOM | time-weighted average 2 ppm (7.8 mg/m3), skin, OCT2007 | |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) | 8H time-weighted average 5 ppm (19 mg/m3) (skin) | CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) | 8H time-weighted average 5 ppm (19 mg/m3) (skin) | CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) | 8H time-weighted average 5 ppm (19 mg/m3) (skin) | CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) | 8H time-weighted average 5 ppm (19 mg/m3) (skin) | CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993 |
NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO PHENOL-air | 10H time-weighted average 5 ppm (Sk);ceiling concentration 15.6 ppm/15M (Sk) | NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992 |
| National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 | Hazard Code 55460; Number of Industries 229; Total Number of Facilities 31983; Number of Occupations 155; Total Number of Employees Exposed 584372; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 120977 | |
| National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 | Hazard Code 55460; Number of Industries 185; Total Number of Facilities 23275; Number of Occupations 127; Total Number of Employees Exposed 296662 |
Status in Federal Agencies
| Organization | Reference |
|---|---|
| ATSDR TOXICOLOGY PROFILE (NTIS** PB/99/122012) | |
| EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: N crassa-reversion | |
| EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY | |
| EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies | |
| EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001 | |
| NCI Carcinogenesis Bioassay (oral);no evidence:mouse,rat | NCITR* NCI-TR-203,1980 |
| NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Cresol (all isomers) and phenol, 2546 | |
| NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Phenol, 3502; in urine, 8305 | |
| On EPA IRIS database | |
| OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #32 |
Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018
Content
source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health