Ethanol, 2-chloro-

RTECS #

KK0875000

CAS #

107-07-3
See: NMAM or OSHA Methods

Updated

December 2018

Molecular Weight

80.52

Molecular Formula

C₂H₅ClO

Synonyms

2-Chloorethanol (Dutch)
2-Chloraethanol (German)
2-Chlorethanol (German)
2-Chloroethanol
2-Chloroethanol (OSHA)
2-Chloroethyl alcohol
2-Cloroetanolo (Italian)
2-Monochloroethanol
Aethylenechlorhydrin (German)
beta-Chloroethyl alcohol
Chloroethanol
Chloroethylowy alkohol (Polish)
delta-Chloroethanol
Ethyleen-chloorhydrine (Dutch)
Ethylene chlorhydrin
Ethylene chlorohydrin
Ethylene chlorohydrin (ACGIH:OSHA)
Ethylene glycol, chlorohydrin
Glicol monocloridrina (Italian)
Glycol chlorohydrin
Glycol monochlorohydrin
Glycolmonochloorhydrine (Dutch)
Glycomonochlorhydrin
Monochlorhydrine du glycol (French)
NCI-C50135

Skin and Eye Irritation and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
eye /rabbit	2 mg	severe	AJOPAA 29,1363,1946
eye /rabbit	33 mg	moderate	TXAPA9 16,382,1970
eye /rabbit	9 mg/6H	moderate	BUYRAI 31,25,1977
skin /rabbit	200 mg/2H	mild	TXAPA9 16,382,1970

Mutation Data and Reference

System Test	Route/Organism/Tissue	Dose	Reference
Cytogenetic Analysis	inhalation/rat	1 mg/m³	GISAAA 36(11),9,1971
Cytogenetic Analysis	oral/mouse	500 µg/kg	GISAAA 43(8),13,1978
Cytogenetic Analysis	ovary/hamster	980 mg/L	EMMUEG 14,165,1989
DNA repair	/Escherichia coli	10 µmol/plate	MUREAV 26,367,1974
mutation in microorganisms	/Klebsiella pneumoniae	15 mmol/L (-enzymatic activation step)	EXPEAM 25,85,1969
mutation in microorganisms	/Aspergillus nidulans	40 gm/L (-enzymatic activation step)	CBINA8 30,9,1980
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	20 µmol/plate (+enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 26,367,1974
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	3333 µg/plate (-enzymatic activation step)	ENMUDM 5(Suppl 1),3,1983
mutation in microorganisms	lymphocyte/mouse	80 mg/L (+enzymatic activation step)	EMMUEG 12,85,1988
other mutation test systems	/Escherichia coli	2914 µmol/L	EMMUEG 19,98,1992
other mutation test systems	oral/rat	20 mg/L	JACTDZ 1(3),37,1982
other mutation test systems	liver/rat	12 gm/L	JACTDZ 1(3),37,1982
other mutation test systems	inhalation/rat	1 mg/m³	GISAAA 36(11),9,1971
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction	/Aspergillus nidulans	74500 µmol/L	MUREAV 138,33,1984
sister chromatid exchange	ovary/hamster	1200 mg/L	SCIEAS 236,933,1987

Reproductive Effects Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
intravenous/mouse	180 mg/kg (8-10D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)	NTIS** #PB85-172104/AS
intravenous/mouse	360 mg/kg (4-6D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death	NTIS** #PB85-172104/AS
intravenous/mouse	360 mg/kg (8-10D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death Reproductive: Other effects to embryo or fetus	NTIS** #PB85-172104/AS
intravenous/mouse	360 mg/kg (10-12D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death	NTIS** #PB85-172104/AS
oral/mouse	1100 mg/kg (6-16D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Hepatobiliary system	JPFCD2 17,381,1982

Tumorigenic Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
skin/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 156000 mg/kg/104W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors Blood: Tumors	NTIS** PB86-145513/AS

Acute Toxicity Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
In Vitro/Human, liver tumor	Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 122 mmol/L/24H	In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell protein synthesis	TIVIEQ 3,189,1989
In Vitro/Non-mammalian species, fibroblast	Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 3.06 mmol/L/24H	In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell counting	TIVIEQ 7,537,1993
inhalation/guinea pig	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 870 mg/m³		GTPZAB 15(2),54,1971
inhalation/guinea pig	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 870 mg/m³	Brain and Coverings: Increased intracranial pressure Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage) Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)	VCVGK* -,182,1994
inhalation/human	Lowest published lethal concentration: 1000 mg/m³	Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Cardiac: Other changes Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression	VCVGK* -,183,1994
inhalation/man	Lowest published lethal concentration: 305 ppm/2H	Liver: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes	JIHTAB 26,277,1944
inhalation/mouse	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 385 mg/m³	Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea	HYSAAV 36(4-6),376,1971
inhalation/mouse	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 385 mg/m³	Brain and Coverings: Increased intracranial pressure Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage) Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)	VCVGK* -,182,1994
inhalation/rat	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 290 mg/m³	Brain and Coverings: Increased intracranial pressure Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage) Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)	VCVGK* -,182,1994
inhalation/rat	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 290 mg/m³	Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea	HYSAAV 36(4-6),376,1971
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 40 mg/m³/4H	Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Liver: Other changes Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)	VCVGK* -,183,1994
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 100 mg/m³	Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct	VCVGK* -,183,1994
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 1 mg/m³	Blood: Changes in bone marrow not included in above	VCVGK* -,183,1994
intraperitoneal/guinea pig	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 110 mg/kg	Brain and Coverings: Increased intracranial pressure Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage) Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)	VCVGK* -,182,1994
intraperitoneal/guinea pig	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 85 mg/kg		JPMSAE 61,19,1972
intraperitoneal/mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 97 mg/kg		JPMSAE 61,19,1972
intraperitoneal/rabbit	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 80 mg/kg		JPMSAE 61,19,1972
intraperitoneal/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 95 mg/kg	Brain and Coverings: Increased intracranial pressure Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage) Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)	VCVGK* -,182,1994
intraperitoneal/rat	lowest published lethal dose: 58 mg/kg	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression	TOXID9 90,249,2006
intravenous/rabbit	lowest published lethal dose: 100 mg/kg	Cardiac: Pulse rate decreased with fall in BP Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease	BJIMAG 1,207,1944
oral/child	lowest published lethal dose: 396 mg/kg		JTCTDW 39,587,2001
oral/guinea pig	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 75 mg/kg	Brain and Coverings: Increased intracranial pressure Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage) Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)	VCVGK* -,182,1994
oral/guinea pig	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 110 mg/kg	Behavioral: General anesthetic Gastrointestinal: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes	JIHTAB 23,259,1941
oral/man	lowest published lethal dose: 330 mg/kg		JTCTDW 39,587,2001
oral/man	lowest published toxic dose: 88 mg/kg	Cardiac: Change in rate Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section	JTCTDW 39,587,2001
oral/mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 91 mg/kg	Brain and Coverings: Increased intracranial pressure Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage) Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)	VCVGK* -,182,1994
oral/mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 81 mg/kg		JPMSAE 60,568,1971
oral/rabbit	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 100 mg/kg	Brain and Coverings: Increased intracranial pressure Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage) Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)	VCVGK* -,183,1994
oral/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 71 mg/kg	Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea	HYSAAV 36(4-6),376,1971
oral/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 71 mg/kg	Brain and Coverings: Increased intracranial pressure Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage) Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)	VCVGK* -,182,1994
oral/woman	lowest published toxic dose: 99 mg/kg	Cardiac: Pulse rate decreased with fall in BP Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting	JTCTDW 39,587,2001
oral/woman	lowest published lethal dose: 800 mg/kg		JTCTDW 39,587,2001
oral/woman	lowest published toxic dose: 99 mg/kg	Cardiac: Change in rate Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section	JTCTDW 39,587,2001
skin/guinea pig	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 20 mg/kg		VCVGK* -,183,1994
skin/guinea pig	lowest published lethal dose: 70 mg/kg		JIHTAB 27,93,1945
skin/mammal (species unspecified)	lowest published lethal dose: 0.07 mg/kg		TPKVAL 2,41,1961
skin/mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 18 mg/kg		85GMAT -,66,1982
skin/rabbit	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 67 mg/kg		JPMSAE 61,19,1972
skin/rabbit	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 700 mg/kg	Brain and Coverings: Increased intracranial pressure Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage) Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)	VCVGK* -,183,1994
skin/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 293 mg/kg		NTPTR* NTP-TR-275,1985
subcutaneous/frog	lowest published lethal dose: 250 mg/kg		BJIMAG 1,207,1944
subcutaneous/guinea pig	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 75 mg/kg		GTPZAB 15(2),54,1971
subcutaneous/mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 98 mg/kg		GTPZAB 15(2),54,1971
subcutaneous/rabbit	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 100 mg/kg		GTPZAB 15(2),54,1971
subcutaneous/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 84 mg/kg	Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea	HYSAAV 36(4-6),376,1971
subcutaneous/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 84 mg/kg	Brain and Coverings: Increased intracranial pressure Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage) Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)	VCVGK* -,182,1994
unreported route/mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 91 mg/kg	Brain and Coverings: Recordings from specific areas of CNS	GISAAA 43(8),13,1978
unreported route/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 71 mg/kg	Brain and Coverings: Recordings from specific areas of CNS	GISAAA 43(8),13,1978

Other Multiple Dose Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 3400 mg/m³/15M/11D- intermittent	Liver: Fatty liver degeneration Blood: Hemorrhage Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field	BJIMAG 1,207,1944
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 1 mg/m³/4H/17W- intermittent	Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Blood: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases	GISAAA 36(6),37,1971
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 10 mg/m³/4H/28D- intermittent	Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Blood: Change in clotting factors Blood: Changes in bone marrow not included in above	VCVGK* -,183,1994
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 1 mg/m³/4H/28D- intermittent	Endocrine: Hypoglycemia Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)	VCVGK* -,183,1994
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 10 mg/m³/122D- intermittent	Liver: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain	VCVGK* -,183,1994
intraperitoneal/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 384 mg/kg/30D- intermittent	Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field	JPMSAE 60,1163,1971
intraperitoneal/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 1152 mg/kg/12W- intermittent	Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field	JPMSAE 60,1163,1971
intravenous/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 360 mg/kg/3D- intermittent	Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field	NTIS** #PB85-172104/AS
intravenous/rabbit	lowest published toxic dose: 81 mg/kg/9D- intermittent	Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field	NTIS** #PB85-170959/AS
oral/Dog	lowest published toxic dose: 1932 mg/kg/15W- intermittent	Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain	FCTXAV 13,313,1975
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 5670 mg/kg/12W- intermittent	Liver: Changes in liver weight Endocrine: Changes in pituitary weight Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field	FCTXAV 13,313,1975
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 91 mg/kg/26W- intermittent	Liver: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Endocrine: Other changes	VCVGK* -,183,1994
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 91 mg/kg/26W- intermittent	Gastrointestinal: Changes in structure or function of exocrine pancreas	GISAAA 41(7),102,1976
skin/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 1411 gm/kg/14D- intermittent	Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field	NTPTR* NTP-TR-275,1985
skin/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 1154 mg/kg/13W- intermittent	Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field	NTPTR* NTP-TR-275,1985
skin/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 6188 mg/kg/14D- intermittent	Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field	NTPTR* NTP-TR-275,1985
skin/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 32500 mg/kg/13W- intermittent	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Chronic pulmonary edema or congestion Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field	NTPTR* NTP-TR-275,1985
unreported route/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 910 mg/kg/26W- intermittent	Liver: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)	GISAAA 43(8),13,1978

Reviews

Organization	Standard	Reference
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)	Threshold Limit Value-ceiling concentration 1 ppm (skin)	DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)	Threshold Limit Value-Not classifiable as a human carcinogen	DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		CMTVAS 10(3),49,1973
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		REPTED 25,192,2008
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 727,42,2011
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		RTOPDW 54,294,2009

Standards and Regulations

Organization	Standard	Reference
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-air	time-weighted average 5 ppm (16 mg/m³)	DTLVS* 3,108,1971
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV;
Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA	ceiling concentration 1 ppm (3.3 mg/m³), JUL2008
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIA	MAK-TMW 1 ppm (3 mg/m³);KZW 5 ppm (15 mg/m³), skin, 2007
Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM	short term exposure limit 1 ppm (3.3 mg/m³), Skin, MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK	ceiling concentration 1 ppm (3 mg/m³), skin, MAY2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND	short term exposure limit 1 ppm (3.3 mg/m³), skin, NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE	VLE 1 ppm (3 mg/m³), Skin, FEB2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-GERMANY	MAK 1 ppm (3.3 mg/m³), 2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND	short term exposure limit 1 ppm (3.5 mg/m³), skin, NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA	ceiling concentration 1 ppm (3 mg/m³), 2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO	peak 1 ppm (3 mg/m³), 2004
Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND	ceiling concentration 1 ppm (3.3 mg/m³), skin, JAN2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU	short term exposure limit 1 ppm (3.3 mg/m³), JUL2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-POLAND	MAC(time-weighted average) 1 mg/m³, short term exposure limit 3 mg/m³, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA	short term exposure limit 0.5 mg/m³, Skin, JUN2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDEN	ceiling concentration 1 ppm (3.5 mg/m³), Skin, JUN2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND	ceiling concentration 1 ppm (3 mg/m³), skin, JAN2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDS	MAC-C 3 mg/m³, Skin, 2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINES	time-weighted average 5 ppm (16 mg/m³), Skin, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-TURKEY	time-weighted average 5 ppm (16 mg/m³), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOM	short term exposure limit 1 ppm (3.4 mg/m³), skin, OCT2007
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction)	8H time-weighted average 5 ppm (16 mg/m³) (skin)	CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors)	8H time-weighted average 5 ppm (16 mg/m³) (skin)	CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry)	8H time-weighted average 5 ppm (16 mg/m³) (skin)	CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards)	8H time-weighted average 5 ppm (16 mg/m³) (skin)	CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993

NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance

Organization	Standard	Reference
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO ETHYLENE CHLOROHYDRIN-air	ceiling concentration 1 ppm (Sk)	NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983	Hazard Code X4018; Number of Industries 1; Total Number of Facilities 17; Number of Occupations 1; Total Number of Employees Exposed 476; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 68

Status in Federal Agencies

Organization	Reference
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: S pombe-forward mutation
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Sperm morphology-mouse; S cerevisiae gene conversion
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: E coli polA without S9; Histidine reversion-Ames test
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NCI Carcinogenesis Studies (derm);no evidence:mouse,rat
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Ethylene chlorohydrin, 2513

Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018

Content source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health