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Volume 23, Number 4—April 2017
Dispatch

Reassortment of Influenza A Viruses in Wild Birds in Alaska before H5 Clade 2.3.4.4 Outbreaks

Nichola J. Hill, Islam T.M. Hussein, Kimberly R. Davis, Eric J. Ma, Timothy J. Spivey, Andrew M. Ramey, Wendy Blay Puryear, Suman R. Das, Rebecca A. Halpin, Xudong Lin, Nadia B. Fedorova, David L. Suarez, Walter M. Boyce, and Jonathan A. RunstadlerComments to Author 
Author affiliations: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA (N.J. Hill, I.T.M. Hussein, K.R. Davis, E.J. Ma, W.B. Puryear, J.A. Runstadler); University of Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska, USA (T.J. Spivey); US Geological Survey, Anchorage, Alaska, USA (T.J. Spivey, A.M. Ramey); Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA (S. Das); J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA (R.A. Halpin, X. Lin, N.B. Fedorova); Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia, USA (D.L. Suarez); University of California, Davis, California, USA (W.M. Boyce)

Main Article

Figure 2

Spatial and temporal distribution of H5 clade 2.3.4.4 influenza A virus outbreaks among wild birds and poultry across North America. A) Spatial distribution of H5 clade 2.3.4.4 influenza A virus outbreaks in wild birds (triangles) and poultry (circles) across North America, color-coded by subtype, relative to poultry density. The location of mallards from Anchorage, Alaska, based on resighting of banded birds, is indicated. B) Temporal distribution of H5 clade 2.3.4.4 influenza A virus detection

Figure 2. Spatial and temporal distribution of H5 clade 2.3.4.4 influenza A virus outbreaks among wild birds and poultry across North America. A) Spatial distribution of H5 clade 2.3.4.4 influenza A virus outbreaks in wild birds (triangles) and poultry (circles) across North America, color-coded by subtype, relative to poultry density. The location of mallards from Anchorage, Alaska, based on resighting of banded birds, is indicated. B) Temporal distribution of H5 clade 2.3.4.4 influenza A virus detections during the course of the outbreaks relative to the migration of mallards banded in Anchorage.

Main Article

Page created: March 16, 2017
Page updated: March 16, 2017
Page reviewed: March 16, 2017
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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