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Volume 22, Number 12—December 2016
Letter

Avian Influenza Virus H5 Strain with North American and Eurasian Lineage Genes in an Antarctic Penguin

Gonzalo Barriga, Dusan Boric-Bargetto, Marcelo Cortez San Martin, Víctor Neira, Harm van Bakel, Michele Thompsom, Rodrigo Tapia, Daniela Toro-Ascuy, Lucila Moreno, Yesseny Vasquez, Michel Sallaberry, Fernando Torres-Pérez, Daniel González-Acuña, and Rafael A. MedinaComments to Author 
Author affiliations: Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (G.P. Barriga, R.A. Medina); Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile (D. Boric-Bargetto, F. Torres-Pérez); Universidad de Santiago, Santiago (M. Cortez-San Martin, D. Toro-Ascuy, Y. Vasquez); Universidad de Chile, Santiago (V. Neira, R. Tapia, M. Sallaberry); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA (H. van Bakel, R.A. Medina); Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile (M. Thompsom, L. Moreno, D. González-Acuña); Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago (R.A. Medina)

Main Article

Figure

Low pathogenicity avian influenza virus (AIV) (H5N5) found in Antarctic penguin. A) Phylogenetic analysis of the HA gene showing its relationship to H5 low pathogenicity North American lineage viruses. B) Phylogenic analysis of the NA gene showing its relationship to N5 viruses from Eurasia. Antarctic strains: red lines, stars; Eurasian strains: green lines, squares; North American strains: dark blue lines, circles; South American strains: light blue lines, diamonds. Sequences were selected from

Figure. Low pathogenicity avian influenza virus (AIV) (H5N5) found in Antarctic penguin. A) Phylogenetic analysis of the HA gene showing its relationship to H5 low pathogenicity North American lineage viruses. B) Phylogenic analysis of the NA gene showing its relationship to N5 viruses from Eurasia. Antarctic strains: red lines, stars; Eurasian strains: green lines, squares; North American strains: dark blue lines, circles; South American strains: light blue lines, diamonds. Sequences were selected from public databases to cover a wide diversity of AIV strains from different years and geographic locations and aligned with MUSCLE (http://www.drive5.com/muscle/). The maximum-likelihood trees of 325 HA and 319 NA nucleotide sequences were constructed with MEGA6 (http://www.megasoftware.net) and IQ-TREE on the IQ-TREE web server (http://www.cibiv.at/software/iqtree/) by using the maximum-likelihood method with 1,000 ultrafast bootstrap replicates. Summarized trees are shown for the H5 and N5 clusters. Further details are provided in Technical Appendix . The best-fit model of substitution was found by using the auto function on the IQ-TREE web server and Akaike information criterion. Scale bars indicate nucleotide substitutions per site. AIV, avian influenza virus; HA, hemagglutinin; NA, neuraminidase.

Main Article

Page created: November 18, 2016
Page updated: November 18, 2016
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The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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