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Ethane, chloro -

RTECS #: KH7525000

CAS #: 75-00-3

UPDATE: May 2009 MW: 64.52 MF: C2H5Cl


NOTE:

TABLE OF CONTENTS:
  1. SYNONYMS:
  2. MUTATION DATA:
  3. REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA:
  4. TUMORIGENIC DATA:
  5. ACUTE TOXICITY DATA:
  6. OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA:
  7. REVIEWS:
  8. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:
  9. NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:
  10. STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:
  11. REFERENCES:

SYNONYMS:

  1. Aethylchlorid (German)
  2. Aethylis
  3. Aethylis chloridum
  4. Anodynon
  5. Chelen
  6. Chloorethaan (Dutch)
  7. Chlorene
  8. Chlorethyl
  9. Chloroaethan (German)
  10. Chloroethane
  11. Chloroethyl
  12. Chlorure d'ethyle (French)
  13. Chloryl
  14. Chloryl anesthetic
  15. Cloretilo
  16. Cloroetano (Italian)
  1. Cloruro di etile (Italian)
  2. Dublofix
  3. Ether chloratus
  4. Ether chloridum
  5. Ether hydrochloric
  6. Ether muriatic
  7. Ethyl chloride
  8. Ethyl chloride (ACGIH:OSHA)
  9. Etylu chlorek (Polish)
  10. Hydrochloric ether
  11. Kelene
  12. Monochlorethane
  13. Monochloroethane
  14. Muriatic ether
  15. NCI - C06224
  16. Narcotile


SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
N/R
 N/R N/R N/R


MUTATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

SYSTEM TEST ROUTE/
ORGANISM/
TISSUE 		DOSE REFERENCE
cytogenetic analysis hamster lung 20 pph/6 hour (-enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 652,122,2008
cytogenetic analysis hamster lung 30 pph/6 hour (+enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 652,122,2008
mutation in microorganisms Escherichia coli 1 pph (+/-enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 307,335,1994
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 10 µg/plate (+/-enzymatic activation step) NTPTR* NTP-TR-346,1988
mutation in mammalian somatic cells hamster ovary 2,340 mg/L MUREAV 322,33,1994


REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 60 mg/m3/4 hour (26 week male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) GTPZAB 10(2),37,1966


TUMORIGENIC DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 15,000 ppm/6 hour/2 year- intermittent Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors

Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Uterine tumors 		NTPTR* NTP-TR-346,1989
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 927,000 mg/kg/103 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Uterine tumors 		NTIS** PB90-225053/AS
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 15,000 ppm/6 hour/2 year- intermittent Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Skin and Appendages: Tumors 		NTPTR* NTP-TR-346,1989
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 463,500 mg/kg/103 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Skin and Appendages: Tumors 		NTIS** PB90-225053/AS
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 386,250 mg/kg/103 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Brain and Coverings: Tumors 		NTIS** PB90-225053/AS


ACUTE TOXICITY DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
guinea pig 		lowest published lethal concentration: 40,000 ppm/45 minute Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Behavioral: Excitement

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema 		XPHBAO 185,1,1929
inhalation
guinea pig 		lowest published lethal concentration: 260,000 mg/m3/90 minute N/R VCVGH* -,353,1990
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 3 pph/1 minute Behavioral: General anesthetic VCVGH* -,353,1990
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 4 pph Eye: Conjunctiva irritation

Gastrointestinal: Other changes 		VCVGH* -,353,1990
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 90,000 mg/m3/8 minute Behavioral: Ataxia VCVGH* -,353,1990
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 35,000 mg/m3/20 minute Behavioral: General anesthetic VCVGH* -,353,1990
inhalation
mouse 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 121,300 mg/m3/2 hour N/R VCVGH* -,353,1990
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 140,000 mg/m3/2 hour Behavioral: General anesthetic VCVGH* -,353,1990
inhalation
rat 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 150,000 mg/m3/2 hour N/R VCVGH* -,353,1990
inhalation
rat 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 152 gm/m3/2 hour Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Behavioral: General anesthetic

Blood: Hemorrhage 		TPKVAL 6,45,1964
inhalation
rat 		lowest published lethal concentration: 145 gm/m3/10 minute Brain and Coverings: Changes in circulation

Vascular: Other changes

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in pulmonary vascular resistance 		TPKVAL 6,45,1964
inhalation
rat 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 152 gm/m3/10 minute Gastrointestinal: Necrotic changes

Liver: Other changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in blood vessels or in circulation of kidney 		TPKVAL 6,45,1964
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 140 gm/m3/2 hour Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Blood: Hemorrhage 		TPKVAL 6,45,1964
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 600 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes 		TOXID9 72(Suppl 1),323,2003
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 250 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes 		TOXID9 72(Suppl 1),323,2003


OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 5,000 ppm/23 hour/11 day- intermittent Liver: Changes in liver weight FAATDF 13,516,1989
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 19,000 ppm/6 hour/13 week- intermittent Liver: Changes in liver weight NTPTR* NTP-TR-346,1989
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 15,000 ppm/21 day- continuous Endocrine: Effect on menstrual cycle TXAPA9 130,169,1995
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 19,000 ppm/6 hour/13 week- intermittent Liver: Changes in liver weight NTPTR* NTP-TR-346,1989
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 14 gm/m3/2 hour/60 day- intermittent Brain and Coverings: Recordings from specific areas of CNS

Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in cellular immune response 		GTPZAB 10(2),37,1966
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 570 mg/m3/4 hour/26 week- intermittent Liver: Liver function tests impaired

Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in cellular immune response

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		GTPZAB 10(2),37,1966
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 14 gm/m3/60 day- intermittent Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Liver: Liver function tests impaired

Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in cellular immune response 		TPKVAL 6,45,1964


REVIEWS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value time-weighted average 100 ppm (skin) DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2007
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value Confirmed animal carcinogen DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2007
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Animal Limited Evidence IMEMDT 52,315,1991
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Animal Limited Evidence IMEMDT 71,1345,1999
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Human No Available Data IMEMDT 52,315,1991
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Human No Adequate Data IMEMDT 71,1345,1999
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Group 3 IMEMDT 71,1345,1999
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
AIHAAP 40(3),A46,1979
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
JFSCAS 45,223,2000
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 543,201,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
HUTOX* -,577,1996
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
HUTOX* -,577,1996
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
HTOPA* 1,501,2002


STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD - air time-weighted average 1000 ppm (2600 mg/m3) DTLVS* 3,106,1971
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) 8 hour time-weighted average 1000 ppm (2600 mg/m3) CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) 8 hour time-weighted average 1000 ppm (2600 mg/m3) CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) 8 hour time-weighted average 1000 ppm (2600 mg/m3) CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) 8 hour time-weighted average 1000 ppm (2600 mg/m3) CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRALIA time-weighted average 1000 ppm (2640 mg/m3), JUL2008
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRIA TRK 25 mg/m3 (9 mL/m3), JAN 2006
Occupational Exposure Limit - BELGIUM time-weighted average 100 ppm (268 mg/m3), Skin, MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit - DENMARK time-weighted average 100 ppm (264 mg/m3), OCT 2002
Occupational Exposure Limit - EC time-weighted average 268 mg/m3 (100 ppm), FEB 2006
Occupational Exposure Limit - FINLAND time-weighted average 500 ppm (1300 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 625 ppm (1625 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - FRANCE VME 1000 ppm (2600 mg/m3), continuous3 Carcinogen, FEB2006
Occupational Exposure Limit - HUNGARY time-weighted average 25 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 100 mg/m3, SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit - JAPAN Occupational Exposure Limit 100 ppm (260 mg/m3), APR2007
Occupational Exposure Limit - KOREA time-weighted average 1000 ppm (2600 mg/m3), 2006
Occupational Exposure Limit - MEXICO time-weighted average 1000 ppm (2600 mg/m3);
short term exposure limit 1250 ppm (skin), 2004
Occupational Exposure Limit - THE NETHERLANDS MAC-TGG 2600 mg/m3, 2003
Occupational Exposure Limit - NEW ZEALAND time-weighted average 1000 ppm (2640 mg/m3), skin, JAN2002
Occupational Exposure Limit - NORWAY time-weighted average 500 ppm (1300 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - THE PHILIPPINES time-weighted average 1000 ppm (2600 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - POLAND MAC(time-weighted average) 200 mg/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) 1600 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - RUSSIA short term exposure limit 50 mg/m3, JUN2003
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWEDEN time-weighted average 500 ppm (1300 mg/m3);
short term exposure limit 700 ppm (1900 mg/m3), JUN2005
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWITZERLAND MAK- week 9 ppm (25 mg/m3), DEC2006
Occupational Exposure Limit - TURKEY time-weighted average 1000 ppm (2600 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - UNITED KINGDOM time-weighted average 50 ppm, 2005
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value;

Confirmed animal carcinogen
Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value
Confirmed animal carcinogen


NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD or SURVEY
REFERENCE
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO MONOCHLOROETHANE-air Handle with caution NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974: Hazard Code: 31970;
Number of Industries 80;
Total Number of Facilities 6,154;
Number of Occupations 66;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 96,531
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983: Hazard Code: 31970;
Number of Industries 12;
Total Number of Facilities 766;
Number of Occupations 47;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 49,210;
Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 35,368


STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:

ORGANIZATION
REFERENCE
ATSDR TOXICOLOGY PROFILE (NTIS** PB/99/121956)
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
Used as ethylating agent, pharmaceutical, solvent, alkylating agent and refrigerant
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
On EPA IRIS database
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NIOSH CURRENT INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN 27, 1978
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Ethyl chloride, 2519
NCI Carcinogenesis Studies (inhal);clear evidence:mouse
NCI Carcinogenesis Studies (inhal);equivocal evidence:rat


REFERENCES:

CODEN
REFERENCE
AIHAAP American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. (AIHA, 475 Wolf Ledges Pkwy., Akron, OH 44311) V.19- 1958-
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402)
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996
FAATDF Fundamental and Applied Toxicology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1-40, 1981-97. For publisher information, see TOSCF2
GTPZAB Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1-36, 1957-1992. For publisher information, see MTPEEI
HTOPA*
HUTOX*
IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972-
JFSCAS Journal of Forensic Sciences. (American Soc. for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race St., Philadelphia, PA 19103) V.1- 1956-
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964-
NIOSH* National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda.
NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information.
NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206-
TOXID9 Toxicologist. (Soc. of Toxicology, Inc., 475 Wolf Ledge Parkway, Akron, OH 44311) V.1- 1981-
TPKVAL Toksikologiya Novykh Promyshlennykh Khimicheskikh Veshchestv. Toxicology of New Industrial Chemical Substances. For English translation, see TNICS*. (Izdatel'stvo Meditsina, Moscow, USSR) No.1- 1961-
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959-
VCVGH* "Vrednie chemichescie veshestva, galogenproisvodnie uglevodorodov". (Hazardous substances: Galogenated hydrocarbons) Bandman A.L. et al., Chimia, 1990.
XPHBAO U.S. Public Health Service, Public Health Bulletin. (Washington, DC)

Used as ethylating agent, pharmaceutical, solvent, alkylating agent and refrigerant

NIOSH PROFILE (MONOCHLOROETHANE), SRI, 2/77

RTECS Compound Description:
   Tumorigen
   Drug
   Mutagen
   Reproductive Effector
   Human Data
   Hormone

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