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Phthalic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester

RTECS #
TI0350000
CAS #
117-81-7
See: NMAM or OSHA Methods
Updated
March 2019
Molecular Weight
390.62
Molecular Formula
C24H38O4
Synonyms
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester
2-Ethylhexyl phthalate
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)-1,2-benzenedicarboxylate
Bis-(2-ethylhexyl)ester kyseliny ftalove (Czech)
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
Bisoflex 81
Bisoflex DOP
Compound 889
DEHP
Di-(2-ehylhexyl) phthalate
Di(2-ethylhexyl)orthophthalate
Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate
Diethylhexyl phthalate
Dioctyl phthalate
Di-sec-octyl phthalate (ACGIH:OSHA)
Ergoplast FDO
Ethylhexyl phthalate
Eviplast 80
Eviplast 81
Fleximel
Flexol DOP
Flexol Plasticizer DOP
Good-rite GP 264
Hatcol DOP
Hercoflex 260
Jayflex DOP
Kodaflex DOP
Mollan O
NCI-C52733
Nuoplaz DOP
Octoil
Palatinol AH
Phthalic acid dioctyl ester
Pittsburgh PX-138
Platinol AH
Platinol DOP
RC Plasticizer DOP
RCRA waste number U028
Reomol D 79P
Reomol DOP
Sicol 150
Staflex DOP
Truflex DOP
Vestinol AH
Vinicizer 80
Witcizer 312

Skin and Eye Irritation and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
eye /rabbit 500 mg mildAJOPAA 29,1363,1946
eye /rabbit 500 mg/24H mild85JCAE -,389,1986
skin /rabbit 500 mg/24H mild85JCAE -,389,1986

Mutation Data and Reference

System TestRoute/Organism/TissueDoseReference
Cytogenetic Analysisleukocyte/human6 mg/LJPMSAE 65,1648,1976
Cytogenetic Analysisoral/hamster7500 mg/kgEVHPAZ 45,119,1982
DNA Damageoral/rat14 gm/kg/14D- intermittentFCTOD7 42,107,2004
DNA Damageother cell types/mouse3 mmol/L/24HTXAPA9 248,52,2010
DNA Damageoral/rat1000 mg/kgMUREAV 751,73,2013
DNA Damagetestis/mouse3 mmol/LTOLED5 196S,S163,2010
Dominant Lethal Testintraperitoneal/mouse12780 mg/kgTXAPA9 29,35,1974
Dominant Lethal Testsubcutaneous/mouse2970 mg/kg/10D- intermittentJTEHD6 16,71,1985
gene conversion and mitotic recombination/Saccharomyes cerevisiae5 gm/LPMRSDJ 5,217,1985
morphological transformoral/hamster750 mg/kgEVHPAZ 45,119,1982
morphological transformembryo/hamster4 mg/LPMRSDJ 5,665,1985
morphological transformembryo/hamster2.5 mg/L/7DMUREAV 698,6,2010
morphological transformfibroblast/mouse0.01 pph/21D (-enzymatic activation step)EMMUEG 35,300,2000
mutation in microorganisms/Saccharomyes cerevisiae4905 mg/L/16HMUTAEX 20,105,2004
mutation in microorganismslymphocyte/mouse40 mg/L (+enzymatic activation step)PMRSDJ 5,569,1985
mutation in microorganisms/Saccharomyes cerevisiae1541 mg/L (+/-enzymatic activation step)PMRSDJ 5,271,1985
mutation in microorganisms/Salmonella typhimurium5 mg/plate (-enzymatic activation step)EVHPAZ 45,119,1982
other mutation test systemsoral/mouse1 gm/kgMUREAV 343,157,1995
other mutation test systemsintraperitoneal/mouse2000 mg/kgMUREAV 747,164,2012
other mutation test systemsoral/rat0.72 gm/kg/4W- intermittentMUREAV 834,51,2018
phage inhibition capacity/Escherichia coli50 µg/wellMUREAV 260,349,1991
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunctionliver/hamster50 mg/LPMRSDJ 5,397,1985
sister chromatid exchangeovary/hamster25 mg/LSCIEAS 236,933,1987
sister chromatid exchangelymphocyte/human50 µmol/LMUREAV 211,77,1989
specific locus testoral/Drosophila melanogaster200 mmol/L/48HMUREAV 222,359,1989
sperm morphologyoral/rat1 pph/60D-continuousEVHPAZ 65,343,1986
sperm morphologyoral/rat15 gm/kg/30D- intermittentFCTOD7 90,64,2016
Unscheduled DNA Synthesisoral/mouse202 gm/kg/40W-continuousTXAPA9 96,494,1988
Unscheduled DNA Synthesisliver/rat500 µmol/LPMRSDJ 5,371,1985
Unscheduled DNA Synthesisoral/rat670 mg/kgPAACA3 27,148,1986

Reproductive Effects Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
intraperitoneal/rat 6 mL/kg (3-9D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Weaning or lactation index (e.g., # alive at weaning per # alive at day 4)
EVHPAZ 3,91,1973
intraperitoneal/rat 2 mL/kg (3D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Weaning or lactation index (e.g., # alive at weaning per # alive at day 4)

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea)
EVHPAZ 3,91,1973
intraperitoneal/rat 2 mL/kg (6D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea)EVHPAZ 3,91,1973
intraperitoneal/rat 4 mL/kg (3-6D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea)EVHPAZ 3,91,1973
intraperitoneal/rat 6 gm/kg (3-9D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea)JDSCAE 55,696,1972
intraperitoneal/rat 10 gm/kg (5-15D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Eye, ear

Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalities
JPMSAE 61,51,1972
intraperitoneal/rat 5 gm/kg (5-15D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)JPMSAE 61,51,1972
intraperitoneal/rat 1 gm/kg (10D male)Reproductive: Other effects on maleTXAPA9 62,121,1982
intraperitoneal/rat 6 gm/kg (3-9D pregnant)Reproductive: Maternal effects: Parturition

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea)
EVHPAZ 3,91,1973
intraperitoneal/mouse 30 gm/kg (5D male)Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct
EVHPAZ 65,255,1986
intraperitoneal/mouse 25560 mg/kg (1D male)Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea)

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth)
EVHPAZ 3,81,1973
intraperitoneal/mouse 12780 mg/kg (1D male)Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal deathEVHPAZ 3,81,1973
intraperitoneal/mouse 12780 µg/kg (1D male)Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Male fertility index (e.g., # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females)TXAPA9 29,35,1974
intraperitoneal/mouse 24 gm/kg (7-9D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on fertility: AbortionARTODN 56,263,1985
intravenous/mouse 50 mg/kg (1D prior to copulation)Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Female fertility index (e.g., # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated)NTIS** PB250-102
intravenous/mouse 350 mg/kg (7D male)Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth)NTIS** PB250-102
intravenous/mouse 15 mg/kg (3-5D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)NTIS** PB250-102
intravenous/mouse 5 mg/kg (8D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Other measures of fertilityNTIS** PB250-102
oral/guinea pig 20 gm/kg (10D male)Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm ductEVHPAZ 45,77,1982
oral/mammal (species unspecified) 20 gm/kg (10D male)Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm ductEVHPAZ 45,77,1982
oral/mammal (species unspecified) 509 gm/kg (60W male)Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm ductTXCYAC 6,341,1976
oral/mouse 8400 mg/kg (1-21D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)
ENVRAL 22,245,1980
oral/mouse 49.2 mg/kg (7D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)TOLED5 4,113,1979
oral/mouse 98.4 mg/kg (7D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal deathTOLED5 4,113,1979
oral/mouse 984.6 mg/kg (7D pregnant)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal systemTOLED5 4,113,1979
oral/rat 72000 mg/kg (60D male)Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth)EVHPAZ 65,343,1986
oral/rat 66000 mg/kg (14D prior to copulation/0-7D pregnant)Reproductive: Maternal effects: Menstrual cycle changes or disorders

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Female fertility index (e.g., # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated)
JTSCDR 34,SP111,2009
oral/mouse 1 mg/kg (multigeneration)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other postnatal measures or effects

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects
TOLED5 189,40,2009
oral/rat 1290 mg/kg (1-22D preg/21D after birth)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous systemNRTXDN 31,747,2010
oral/rat 1110 mg/kg (1D preg-15D after birth)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Endocrine system

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system
NRTXDN 33,78,2012
oral/mouse 4701 mg/kg (28D male/4W pre-2D after birth)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other postnatal measures or effectsTXCYAC 289,1,2011
oral/mouse 9768 mg/kg (28D male/4W pre-3W pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth)

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Other measures of fertility
TXCYAC 289,1,2011
oral/rat 10.75 mg/kg (0D preg-21D after birth)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects
TOLED5 212,212,2012
oral/mouse 74 mg/kg (4W male/4W pre-18D pregnant)Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalitiesTXCYAC 309,52,2013
oral/mouse 3440 mg/kg (multigeneration)Reproductive: Maternal effects: Ovaries, fallopian tubes

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects
TOLED5 228,235,2014
oral/rat 5700 mg/kg (14-22D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other postnatal measures or effects

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects
TXAPA9 266,95,2013
oral/mouse 9000 mg/kg (13D preg-21D after birth)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Immune and reticuloendothelial systemTXAPA9 274,402,2013
oral/mouse 22 mg/kg (1-12D pregnant)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Endocrine system

Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalities
TXAPA9 307,123,2016
oral/mouse 2.1 mg/kg (0-21D preg/21D after birth)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Germ cell effects (in offspring)TXAPA9 322,113,2017
oral/mouse 8 mg/kg (6-13D pregnant)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous systemTOLED5 259,69,2016
oral/mouse 78880 mg/kg (6-13D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth)TCMUD8 7,29,1987
oral/mouse 4200 mg/kg (21D male)Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)OKEHDW 15,129,1977
oral/mouse 1 gm/kg (7D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system
EVHPAZ 45,71,1982
oral/mouse 2040 mg/kg (1-17D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death
NTIS** PB85-105674
oral/mouse 2040 mg/kg (1-17D pregnant)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Eye, ear

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Cardiovascular (circulatory) system
TJADAB 27,84A,1983
oral/rat 7140 mg/kg (1-21D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)TXAPA9 26,253,1973
oral/rat 35 mg/kg (14D prior to copulation)Reproductive: Maternal effects: Ovaries, fallopian tubesFCTXAV 15,389,1977
oral/rat 6 gm/kg (3D male)Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands
ARTODN 59,290,1986
oral/rat 17200 mg/kg (multigenerations)Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)NEZAAQ 31,507,1976
oral/rat 10 gm/kg (6-15D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Other effects to embryo or fetus

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Hepatobiliary system
IJEBA6 27,885,1989
oral/rat 9766 mg/kg (12D pregnant)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Cardiovascular (circulatory) system

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system
TJADAB 35,41,1987
oral/rat 137 mL/kg (1-22D preg/21D after birth)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: PhysicalFCTOD7 36,963,1998
oral/mouse 1.6 gm/kg (17D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive)
NTIS** #PB88204300
oral/mouse 1.6 gm/kg (17D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain)NTIS** #PB88204300
oral/mouse 2.04 gm/kg (1-17D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death

Reproductive: Other effects to embryo or fetus
NTIS** #PB85-105674
oral/mouse 2.04 gm/kg (1-17D pregnant)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system

Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalities
NTIS** #PB85-105674
oral/rat 10 gm/kg (1-20D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)NTIS** #PB85-105658
oral/rat 11.46 gm/kg (20D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain)NTIS** #87119046
oral/rat 20 gm/kg (1-20D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death

Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalities
NTIS** #PB85-105658
oral/rat 6260 mg/kg (20D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth)
NTIS** #87119046
oral/rat 9.6 gm/kg (8D preg-17D after birth)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital systemTOXID9 72,283,2003
oral/rat 3.2 gm/kg (multigeneration)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital systemTOXID9 72,283,2003
oral/rat 352 mg/kg (multigeneration)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Hepatobiliary system

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Endocrine system
TOXID9 72,283,2003
oral/rat 1 gm/kg (12-21D pregnant)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Endocrine systemBIREBV 65,1252,2001
oral/rat 30.8 gm/kg (3-22D preg/21D after birth)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Weaning or lactation index (e.g., # alive at weaning per # alive at day 4)
EVHPAZ 109,229,2001
oral/rat 61.5 gm/kg (3-22D preg/21D after birth)Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Germ cell effects (in offspring)
EVHPAZ 109,229,2001
oral/rat 123 gm/kg (3-22D preg/21D after birth)Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Live birth index (Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured after birth)
EVHPAZ 109,229,2001
oral/mouse 1.6 gm/kg (33D male/33D prior to copulation/22D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain)FCTOD7 40,1499,2002
oral/mouse 15 gm/kg (33D male/33D pre-4D after birth)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral
FCTOD7 40,1499,2002
oral/mouse 27 gm/kg (33D male/33D pre-4W after birth)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Weaning or lactation index (e.g., # alive at weaning per # alive at day 4)FCTOD7 40,1499,2002
oral/mouse 0.06 mg/kg (multigeneration)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effectsFCTOD7 40,1499,2002
oral/mouse 1692 mg/kg (4W prior to copulation/1-19D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Sex ratioFCTOD7 41,1429,2003
oral/mouse 1008 mg/kg (4W male)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Sex ratioFCTOD7 41,1429,2003
oral/mouse 2.7 gm/kg (4W male/ 4W pre-19D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Sex ratioFCTOD7 41,1429,2003
oral/rat 4500 mg/kg (7-21D pregnant)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Endocrine systemREPTED 17,475,2003
oral/rat 5000 mg/kg (14-18D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)TOXID9 72(Suppl 1),272,2003
oral/rat 4500 mg/kg (7-21D pregnant)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Endocrine system

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system
REPTED 18,53,2004
oral/rat 11.3 gm/kg (7-21D pregnant)Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalitiesREPTED 18,53,2004
oral/rat 418 mg/kg (4W male/4W prior to copulation/0-3W pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive)
TXAPA9 197,231,2004
oral/rat 2 gm/kg (4W male/4W prior to copulation/0-3W pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain)TXAPA9 197,231,2004
oral/rat 2090 mg/kg (multigeneration)Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive)
TXAPA9 197,231,2004
oral/rat 3300 mg/kg (8-18D pregnant)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Endocrine system

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system
TOXID9 44,355,2005
oral/rat 6750 mg/kg (8-16D pregnant)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital systemTOXID9 44,355,2005
oral/mouse 109.2 gm/kg (13W male)Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Reproductive: Other effects on male
TOXID9 78,353,2004
oral/rat 500 mg/kg (14-18D pregnant)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Endocrine system

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system
TOXID9 78,282,2004
oral/rat 28.5 mg/kg (1-19D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system
TOXID9 90,74,2006
oral/rat 2500 mg/kg (14-18D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects
TOXID9 90,316,2006
oral/rat 570 mg/kg (6D preg-21D after birth)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Germ cell effects (in offspring)TOXID9 228,85,2006
oral/rat 190 mg/kg (6D preg-21D after birth)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital systemTOXID9 228,85,2006
oral/rat 1.71 mg/kg (6D preg-21D after birth)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolicTOXID9 228,85,2006
oral/rat 15390 mg/kg (6D preg-21D after birth)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effectsTOXID9 229,114,2007
oral/rat 1500 mg/kg (7-21D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)TXCYAC 223,144,2006
oral/rat 2295 mg/kg (6D preg-1D after birth)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other neonatal measures or effectsTXCYAC 225,64,2006
oral/rat 2.3 mg/kg (6D preg-1D after birth)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain)TXCYAC 225,64,2006
oral/rat 11745 mg/kg (6D preg-13D after birth)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: PhysicalTXCYAC 225,64,2006
oral/rat 190 mg/kg (6D preg-21D after birth)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other postnatal measures or effectsTXCYAC 225,64,2006
oral/rat 8000 mg/kg (7-14D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)JTSCDR 30,175,2005
oral/rat 3000 mg/kg (7-18D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain)
JTSCDR 30,175,2005
oral/rat 12000 mg/kg (7-18D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other postnatal measures or effects
JTSCDR 30,175,2005
oral/rat 5000 mg/kg (7-16D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)JTSCDR 30,175,2005
oral/rat 30000 mg/kg (0-19D pregnant)Reproductive: Other effects to embryo or fetus

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system
ARTODN 81,57,2007
oral/rat 570 mg/kg (6-22D preg/21D after birth)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: PhysicalTOSCF2 91,247,2006
oral/rat 0.765 mg/kg (6-22D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other neonatal measures or effectsTOSCF2 91,247,2006
oral/rat 2295 mg/kg (6-22D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: PhysicalTOSCF2 91,247,2006
oral/rat 46.17 mg/kg (6-22D preg/21D after birth)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain)TOSCF2 91,247,2006
oral/rat 21.5 gm/kg (1-22D preg/21D after birth)Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)
HETOEA 25,297,2006
oral/rat 21.5 gm/kg (1-22D preg/21D after birth)Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral
HETOEA 25,297,2006
oral/rat 4300 mg/kg (1-22D preg/21D after birth)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain)HETOEA 25,297,2006
oral/rat 585 mg/kg (6-22D preg/22D after birth)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: PhysicalNSAPCC 372(Suppl 1),100,2006
oral/rat 5265 mg/kg (6-22D preg/22D after birth)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Physical

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other postnatal measures or effects
NSAPCC 372(Suppl 1),100,2006
oral/rat 15390 mg/kg (6-22D preg/21D after birth)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Physical

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Physical

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other postnatal measures or effects
NSAPCC 372(Suppl 1),100,2006
oral/rat 2430 mg/kg (6-22D preg/1D after birth)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other postnatal measures or effectsNSAPCC 372(Suppl 1),100,2006
oral/rat 190 mg/kg (6-22D preg/21D after birth)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital systemNSAPCC 372(Suppl 1),100,2006
oral/rat 570 mg/kg (6-22D preg/21D after birth)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Physical
NSAPCC 372(Suppl 1),100,2006
oral/rat 3750 mg/kg (14-18D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Physical
TOLED5 170,177,2007
oral/rat 3750 mg/kg (14-18D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Physical
TOLED5 170,177,2007
oral/rat 4800 mg/kg (6-21D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: PhysicalTERP2* -,367,2005
subcutaneous/mouse 2970 mg/kg (3D male)Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death
JTEHD6 16,71,1985
subcutaneous/mouse 19722 mg/kg (3D male)Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Male fertility index (e.g., # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females)
JTEHD6 26,39,1989
subcutaneous/mouse 1972 mg/kg (3D male)Reproductive: Other effects on maleJTEHD6 26,39,1989
subcutaneous/mouse 9861 mg/kg (3D prior to copulation)Reproductive: Other effects on femaleJTEHD6 26,39,1989
unreported route/rat 2500 mg/kg (14-18D pregnant)Reproductive: Other effects to embryo or fetus

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Endocrine system

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system
TOXID9 -,10,2008
unreported route/rat 1375 mg/kg (14D preg-3D after birth)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: BehavioralTOXID9 -,37,2009
unreported route/rat 41250 mg/kg (14D preg-3D after birth)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital systemTOXID9 60,225,2001

Tumorigenic Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 260 gm/kg/2Y- continuousTumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors
NTPTR* NTP-TR-217,1982
oral/mouse toxic dose: 519 gm/kg/2Y- continuousTumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors
NTPTR* NTP-TR-217,1982
oral/mouse toxic dose: 120 gm/kg/24W- continuousTumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors
CRNGDP 4,1021,1983
oral/mouse toxic dose: 262 gm/kg/2Y- continuousTumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors
EVHPAZ 65,271,1986
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 98.5 mg/kgTumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteriaTOSCF2 58,377,2000
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 519120 mg/kg/103W- continuousTumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors
NTIS** PB82-184011
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 259560 mg/kg/103W- continuousTumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors
NTIS** PB82-184011
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 32760 mg/kg/26W- intermittentTumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors
JTPAE7 29,458,2001
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 519120 mg/kg/103W- continuousTumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors
NTIS** PB82-184011
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 432600 mg/kg/103W- continuousTumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors
NTIS** PB82-184011
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 216 gm/kg/2Y- continuousTumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors

Endocrine: Tumors
NTPTR* NTP-TR-217,1982
oral/rat toxic dose: 438 gm/kg/2Y- continuousTumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors
CALEDQ 38,15,1987
oral/rat toxic dose: 91 gm/kg/2Y- continuousTumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors
TOSCF2 50,195,1999
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 430.8 gm/kg/78W- continuousTumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Gastrointestinal: Tumors
TOSCF2 55,433,2000
oral/rat toxic dose: 524 gm/kg/2Y- continuousTumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors
EVHPAZ 65,271,1986
oral/rat toxic dose: 433 gm/kg/2Y- continuousTumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors

Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Testicular tumors
NTPTR* NTP-TR-217,1982

Acute Toxicity Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
In Vitro/Human, embryonic cells Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): >500 µmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell metabolic activity: Alamar Blue assay etc.TIVIEQ 38,41,2017
In Vitro/Human, embryonic cells Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): >500 µmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity (prelabeled cells): release of radioactive isotopes ([51Cr], [3H]-thymidine, [3H]-proline, [35S]- or [75Se]-methionine, 5-[125I]-2-deoxy-uridine) or fluorescent dyes (bis-carboxyethyl-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) or calcein-AM)TIVIEQ 38,41,2017
In Vitro/Human, endocrine tumor Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1 mg/L/48HEndocrine: EstrogenicTOLED5 217,50,2013
In Vitro/Human, endocrine tumor Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 0.28 µmol/L/24HBiochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.)TXAPA9 268,309,2013
In Vitro/Human, fibroblast Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1 mmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.FCTOD7 65,105,2014
In Vitro/Human, kidney Inhibitor Concentration (20 percent kill): >100 µmol/L/2HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell metabolic activity: Alamar Blue assay etc.TIVIEQ 40,66,2017
In Vitro/Human, kidney Inhibitor Concentration (20 percent kill): >100 µmol/L/2HEndocrine: Other changesTIVIEQ 40,66,2017
In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 250 µmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc.TIVIEQ 25,2010,2011
In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 234 µmol/L/48HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc.TIVIEQ 25,2010,2011
In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 100 µmol/L/72HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc.TIVIEQ 25,2010,2011
In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells Inhibitor Concentration Low: 234 µmol/L/48HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro

In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on mitochondrial function
TIVIEQ 25,2010,2011
In Vitro/Human, liver Inhibitor Concentration Low: 62.5 µmol/L/48HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.FCTOD7 59,325,2013
In Vitro/Human, liver Inhibitor Concentration Low: 125 µmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.FCTOD7 59,325,2013
In Vitro/Human, liver Inhibitor Concentration Low: 62.5 µmol/L/12HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assaysFCTOD7 59,325,2013
In Vitro/Human, liver Inhibitor Concentration Low: 62.5 µmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assaysFCTOD7 59,325,2013
In Vitro/Human, neuroblastoma Inhibitor Concentration Low: 10 µmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.TXAPA9 280,190,2014
In Vitro/Human, neuroblastoma Inhibitor Concentration Low: 10 µmol/L/48HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitroTXAPA9 280,190,2014
In Vitro/Human, skin Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1 mmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.FCTOD7 65,105,2014
In Vitro/Human, skin Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): >100 µmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell protein synthesisTIVIEQ 30,281,2015
In Vitro/Human, skin Inhibitor Concentration Low: 10 µmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell protein synthesisTIVIEQ 30,281,2015
In Vitro/Human, skin Inhibitor Concentration Low: 100 µmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell proliferation: DNA incorporation, mitotic index etc.

In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro

In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell morphology: overgrowth of cell appendixes etc.
TIVIEQ 30,281,2015
In Vitro/Human, skin Inhibitor Concentration Low: 100 µmol/L/4HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assaysTIVIEQ 30,281,2015
In Vitro/jrcInhibitor Concentration Low: 10 µmol/L/3WIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assaysTXAPA9 248,111,2010
In Vitro/jrdInhibitor Concentration Low: 10 mg/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.

In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro
TOLED5 217,50,2013
In Vitro/jrdInhibitor Concentration Low: 1 µmol/L/24HEndocrine: Other changesTOLED5 232,376,2015
In Vitro/jrdInhibitor Concentration Low: >50 µmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.TOLED5 232,376,2015
In Vitro/jtiInhibitor Concentration Low: 3 mmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assaysFCTOD7 49,1565,2011
In Vitro/mkcInhibitor Concentration Low: 10 mg/L/96HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell morphology: overgrowth of cell appendixes etc.TXAPA9 284,42,2015
In Vitro/mkcInhibitor Concentration Low: 1 mg/L/48HEndocrine: Androgenic

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.)
TXAPA9 284,42,2015
In Vitro/mkcInhibitor Concentration Low: 1 mg/L/72HEndocrine: EstrogenicTXAPA9 284,42,2015
In Vitro/Monkey, kidney Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): >100 µmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell protein synthesisTIVIEQ 30,281,2015
In Vitro/Monkey, kidney Inhibitor Concentration Low: 10 µmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell protein synthesisTIVIEQ 30,281,2015
In Vitro/Monkey, kidney Inhibitor Concentration Low: 100 µmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell proliferation: DNA incorporation, mitotic index etc.

In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell morphology: overgrowth of cell appendixes etc.

In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays
TIVIEQ 30,281,2015
In Vitro/Mouse, fibroblast Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 600 µmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell growth: Colony formationTIVIEQ 1,49,1987
In Vitro/Mouse, neuroblastom Inhibitor Concentration Low: 40 µmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.

In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro

In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays
TOLED5 206,245,2011
In Vitro/Mouse, neuroblastom Inhibitor Concentration Low: 40 µmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.TOLED5 206,245,2011
In Vitro/Mouse, neuroblastom Inhibitor Concentration Low: 40 µmol/L/48HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitroTOLED5 206,245,2011
In Vitro/Mouse, neuroblastom Inhibitor Concentration Low: 40 µmol/L/48HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assaysTOLED5 206,245,2011
In Vitro/Mouse, neuroblastom Inhibitor Concentration Low: 40 µmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assaysTOLED5 206,245,2011
In Vitro/mtdInhibitor Concentration Low: 10 mg/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases
TXAPA9 258,288,2012
In Vitro/mtdInhibitor Concentration Low: 1 mg/L/96HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assaysTXAPA9 258,288,2012
In Vitro/mtiInhibitor Concentration Low: 0.001 mmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.TXAPA9 248,52,2010
In Vitro/mtiInhibitor Concentration Low: 3 mmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases

In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays
TXAPA9 248,52,2010
In Vitro/mtiInhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 3 mmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.TXAPA9 248,52,2010
In Vitro/mtiInhibitor Concentration Low: 3 mmol/LIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell Viability (cell death), unspecified assayTOLED5 196S,S163,2010
In Vitro/mtiInhibitor Concentration Low: 3 mmol/LIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assaysTOLED5 196S,S163,2010
In Vitro/mtjInhibitor Concentration Low: 100 µmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitroETOPFR 44,18,2016
In Vitro/Non-mammalian species, liver Inhibitor Concentration Low: 0.05 nmol/L/4DIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assaysTIVIEQ 27,84,2013
In Vitro/ntaInhibitor Concentration Low: 1 mg/L/96HBiochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field
TOLED5 217,50,2013
In Vitro/pqaInhibitor Concentration Low: 100 µmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell differentiation

In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.

In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays
TIVIEQ 27,250,2013
In Vitro/pqaInhibitor Concentration Low: 10 µmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell differentiationTIVIEQ 27,250,2013
In Vitro/Rat, myocard Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1 mg/L/72HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Membrane currentsTXCYAC 279,54,2011
In Vitro/Rat, myocard Inhibitor Concentration Low: 50 mg/L/72HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Membrane currents

In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Ca
TXCYAC 279,54,2011
In Vitro/Rat, neurons Inhibitor Concentration Low: 10 µmol/L/48HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitroTXAPA9 280,190,2014
In Vitro/Rat, testis Inhibitor Concentration Low: 100 µmol/L/8HBiochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammationTIVIEQ 36,210,2016
In Vitro/Rat, testis Inhibitor Concentration Low: 100 µmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assaysTIVIEQ 36,210,2016
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 300 mg/m3/50MLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depressionTXCYAC 235,119,2007
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 100 mg/m3Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioningTPKVAL 15,123,1979
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 10 mg/m3Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression
TPKVAL 15,123,1979
intraperitoneal/mouse lowest published lethal dose: 14000 mg/kgMUREAV 747,164,2012
intraperitoneal/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 100 mg/kgLiver: Other changesTOLED5 177,20,2008
intraperitoneal/mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 14 gm/kgVascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section

Behavioral: Excitement
JPMSAE 55,158,1966
intraperitoneal/rabbit Lethal dose: >31 mL/kgAMIHAB 13,259,1956
intraperitoneal/rat lowest published toxic dose: 2 mL/kgReproductive: Maternal effects: ParturitionEVHPAZ 3,91,1973
intraperitoneal/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 30700 mg/kgJIHTAB 27,130,1945
intratracheal/rat lowest published lethal dose: 30 mg/kgBehavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi

Blood: Hemorrhage
TPKVAL 2,59,1961
intravenous/mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1060 mg/kgNTIS** PB250-102
intravenous/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 250 mg/kgLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changesTXAPA9 45,230,1978
oral/guinea pig lethal dose (50 percent kill): 26 gm/kgIMEMDT 29,269,1982
oral/man lowest published toxic dose: 143 mg/kgGastrointestinal: Other changesJIHTAB 27,130,1945
oral/monkey lowest published toxic dose: 100 mg/kgKidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)
TOXID9 72(Suppl 1),384,2003
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 40 mg/kgReproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm ductTXCYAC 194,35,2003
oral/mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1500 mg/kgBehavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi

Gastrointestinal: Necrotic changes
TPKVAL 2,59,1961
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 984.6 mg/kgNutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gainTOLED5 4,113,1979
oral/mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 29.5 gm/kgTOLED5 4,113,1979
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 1150 mg/kgLiver: Other changesTOXID9 -,217,2009
oral/rabbit lethal dose (50 percent kill): 34 gm/kgEVHPAZ 4,3,1973
oral/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 30 gm/kgNPIRI* 2,32,1975
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 2000 mg/kgReproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other
TXAPA9 200,103,2004
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 2000 mg/kgReproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other
TOXID9 1,72,2001
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 2000 mg/kgReproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm ductTOLED5 173,107,2007
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 1000 mg/kgBiochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteinsMUREAV 751,73,2013
skin/guinea pig lethal dose (50 percent kill): 10 gm/kgEVHPAZ 4,3,1973
skin/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 220 gm/kgBiochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammationJOETD7 115,25,2008
skin/mouse lowest published lethal dose: 4 gm/kgSkin and Appendages: Other glandsGISAAA 45(6),35,1980
skin/rabbit lethal dose (50 percent kill): 25 gm/kgJIHTAB 27,130,1945
skin/rat lowest published lethal dose: 4 gm/kgSkin and Appendages: Other glandsGISAAA 45(6),35,1980
unreported route/guinea pig lethal dose (50 percent kill): 40500 mg/kgGTPZAB 32(7),52,1988
unreported route/mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 7 gm/kgGTPZAB 32(7),52,1988
unreported route/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 47 gm/kgGTPZAB 32(7),52,1988

Other Multiple Dose Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 13 mg/m3/14W- intermittentLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Immunological Including Allergic: Increase in humoral response

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation
TXCYAC 235,119,2007
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 25 mg/m3/6H/24D- intermittentNutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gainTOSCF2 93,164,2006
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 5 mg/m3/6H/8D- intermittentReproductive: Other effects on femaleTOSCF2 93,164,2006
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 25 mg/m3/6H/63D- intermittentReproductive: Maternal effects: Menstrual cycle changes or disordersTOSCF2 93,164,2006
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 25 mg/m3/6H/20D- intermittentEndocrine: Change in LH

Endocrine: Estrogenic

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)
TOSCF2 93,164,2006
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 5 mg/m3/6H/20D- intermittentBlood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)TOSCF2 93,164,2006
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 25 mg/m3/63D- intermittentEndocrine: Effect on menstrual cycle

Reproductive: Maternal effects: Uterus, cervix, vagina

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Cytochrome oxidases (indlucing oxidative phosphrylation)
TOXID9 90,24,2006
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 940 mg/m3/6H/4W- intermittentLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight

Liver: Changes in liver weight

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)
FCTOD7 30,915,1992
intramuscular/rat lowest published toxic dose: 8400 mg/kg/1W- continuousNutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Other metals

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight
TOLED5 23,67,1984
intraperitoneal/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 11111.2 µg/kg/8D- intermittentImmunological Including Allergic: Increase in humoral responseTOLED5 170,223,2007
intraperitoneal/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 10500 mg/kg/6W- intermittentGastrointestinal: Peritonitis

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight
JPMSAE 55,158,1966
intraperitoneal/rat lowest published toxic dose: 9 mg/kg/11D- intermittentLiver: Other changes

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Conditioned vitamin deficiency

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other transferases
IJEBA6 36,264,1998
intraperitoneal/rat lowest published toxic dose: 15 mL/kg/10D- intermittentReproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects
ENVRAL 12,131,1976
intraperitoneal/rat lowest published toxic dose: 15 mL/kg/10D- intermittentReproductive: Maternal effects: Ovaries, fallopian tubes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects
ENVRAL 12,131,1976
intraperitoneal/rat lowest published toxic dose: 6 mL/kg/7D- intermittentReproductive: Maternal effects: Parturition

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field
EVHPAZ 3,91,1973
intraperitoneal/rat lowest published toxic dose: 4 mg/kg/3D- intermittentReproductive: Maternal effects: Parturition

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field
EVHPAZ 3,91,1973
intraperitoneal/rat lowest published toxic dose: 6.25 gm/kg/5D- intermittentEndocrine: AndrogenicBECTA6 21,65,1979
intraperitoneal/rat lowest published toxic dose: 24500 mg/kg/49D- intermittentLiver: Changes in liver weightFCTOD7 103,157,2017
intraperitoneal/rat lowest published toxic dose: 52500 mg/kg/15W- intermittentLiver: Changes in liver weight

Tumorigenic: Facilitates action of known carcinogens
FCTOD7 103,157,2017
intravenous/rat lowest published toxic dose: 6300 mg/kg/21D- intermittentLiver: Changes in liver weight

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight
IJTOFN 22,159,2003
intravenous/rat lowest published toxic dose: 12600 mg/kg/21D- intermittentBlood: Changes in spleen

Skin: After systemic exposure: Dermatitis, irritative

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain
IJTOFN 22,159,2003
intravenous/rat lowest published toxic dose: 3000 mg/kg/11D- intermittentReproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct
EVHPAZ 65,237,1986
oral/domestic bird lowest published toxic dose: 384 mg/kg/30D- continuousNutritional and Gross Metabolic: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport
BECTA6 25,345,1980
oral/guinea pig lowest published toxic dose: 30 gm/kg/15D- intermittentLiver: Changes in liver weight

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.)

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field
TOLED5 40,209,1988
oral/hamster lowest published toxic dose: 14 gm/kg/14D- intermittentLiver: Changes in liver weight

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.)
TXAPA9 72,46,1984
oral/mammal (species unspecified) lowest published toxic dose: 509 gm/kg/60W- continuousLiver: Other changes

Liver: Changes in liver weight

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain
TXCYAC 6,341,1976
oral/monkey lowest published toxic dose: 227500 mg/kg/13W- intermittentNutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gainENVRAL 78,43,1998
oral/monkey lowest published toxic dose: 42 gm/kg/60W- intermittentKidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)
TOXID9 72,384,2003
oral/monkey lowest published toxic dose: 221.7 gm/kg/454D- intermittentLiver: Other changesTXAPA9 197,229,2004
oral/monkey lowest published toxic dose: 227500 mg/kg/65W- intermittentEndocrine: Estrogenic

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in ovarian weight

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in uterine weight
JTEHF8 69,1651,2006
oral/monkey lowest published toxic dose: 227500 mg/kg/65W- intermittentLiver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects
JTEHF8 69,1651,2006
oral/monkey lowest published toxic dose: 28000 mg/kg/28D- intermittentLiver: Other changes

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on mitochondrial function
JTPAE7 21,73,2008
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 13671.7 mg/kg/2W- intermittentLiver: Multiple effects

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects
ARTODN 81,219,2007
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 6072 mg/kg/46D- continuousLiver: Other changes

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport
TXCYAC 289,1,2011
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 2737 mg/kg/46D- continuousLiver: Other changesTXCYAC 289,1,2011
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 420 mg/kg/14D- intermittentLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other
FCTOD7 71,272,2014
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 460 mg/kg/46D- continuousBiochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)
TXCYAC 309,52,2013
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 840 µg/kg/28D- intermittentImmunological Including Allergic: Uncharacterized (multiple organ involvement)TXCYAC 324,88,2014
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 24000 mg/kg/10D- continuousLiver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects
BCPCA6 36,4221,1987
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 28000 mg/kg/14D- intermittentLiver: Changes in liver weight

Endocrine: Other changes

Reproductive: Maternal effects: Menstrual cycle changes or disorders
TOXID9 60,297,2001
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 24 mg/kg/48D- intermittentLiver: Changes in liver weight

Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)
TOXID9 60,297,2001
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 15120 mg/kg/3W- intermittentLiver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins
TXCYAC 204,109,2004
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 7000 mg/kg/7D- intermittentLiver: Changes in liver weight

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins
TXCYAC 207,149,2005
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 109.2 gm/kg/13W- continuousLiver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins
TOXID9 78,353,2004
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 2.52 gm/kg/7D- continuousLiver: Other changes

Liver: Changes in liver weight
EVHPAZ 110,363,2002
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 10.08 gm/kg/28D- continuousLiver: Other changes

Liver: Changes in liver weight

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Cytochrome oxidases (indlucing oxidative phosphrylation)
EVHPAZ 110,363,2002
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 7 gm/kg/1W- intermittentLiver: Changes in liver weightTXCYAC 191,211,2003
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 323 mg/kg/17D- continuousNutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gainNTIS** #87119046
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 1440 mg/kg/12D- continuousNutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gainNTIS** #PB85-105674
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 2040 mg/kg/17D- continuousLiver: Changes in liver weightNTIS** #PB85-105674
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 4250 mg/kg/17D- continuousBehavioral: Sleep

Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair
NTIS** #PB85-105674
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 6720 mg/kg/14D- continuousGastrointestinal: Changes in structure or function of salivary glands

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Cytochrome oxidases (indlucing oxidative phosphrylation)
BCPCA6 62,249,2001
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 921.7 gm/kg/104W- continuousRelated to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain
TOSCF2 58,377,2000
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 1061.6 gm/kg/104W- continuousKidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight

Liver: Changes in liver weight

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in uterine weight
TOSCF2 58,377,2000
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 212.7 gm/kg/104W- continuousBrain and Coverings: Changes in brain weight

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight
TOSCF2 58,377,2000
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 691.3 gm/kg/78W- continuousLiver: Other changes

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation
TOSCF2 58,377,2000
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 796.2 gm/kg/78W- continuousLiver: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation
TOSCF2 58,377,2000
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 193.4 gm/kg/78W- continuousKidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in both tubules and glomeruliTOSCF2 58,377,2000
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 30 gm/kg/15D- intermittentLiver: Changes in liver weight

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.)
TOLED5 40,209,1988
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 33852 mg/kg/13W- continuousRelated to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type fieldNTPTR* NTP-TR-217,1982
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 403 gm/kg/40W- continuousLiver: Other changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes
TXAPA9 96,494,1988
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 213 gm/kg/2Y- continuousLiver: Changes in liver weight

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field
NTIS** OTS0559217
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 60480 mg/kg/12W- intermittentNutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gainJTPAE7 29,458,2001
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 32760 mg/kg/26W- intermittentLiver: Changes in liver weight

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight
JTPAE7 29,458,2001
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 32760 mg/kg/26W- intermittentLiver: Changes in liver weight

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct
JTPAE7 29,458,2001
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 131040 mg/kg/26W- intermittentLiver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal

Liver: Changes in liver weight

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight
JTPAE7 29,458,2001
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 131040 mg/kg/26W- intermittentLiver: Other changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in both tubules and glomeruli

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain
JTPAE7 29,458,2001
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 131040 mg/kg/26W- intermittentLiver: Other changes

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct
JTPAE7 29,458,2001
oral/pig lowest published toxic dose: 3600 mg/kg/4W- intermittentEndocrine: Other changesREPTED 21,160,2006
oral/rabbit lowest published toxic dose: 840 mg/kg/28D- continuousLiver: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport
LPDSAP 13,673,1978
oral/rabbit lowest published toxic dose: 30 gm/kg/15D- intermittentLiver: Changes in liver weight

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field
TOLED5 40,209,1988
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 42 gm/kg/28D- continuousLiver: Changes in liver weight

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight
NTIS** OTS0530399
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 1500 mg/kg/30D- intermittentLiver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight
VHTODE 37,310,1995
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 139 gm/kg/2Y- continuousLiver: Changes in liver weight

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain
AMIHBC 8,219,1953
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 17500 mg/kg/7D- intermittentLiver: Changes in liver weight

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight
TXAPA9 61,205,1981
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 59388 mg/kg/6W- continuousKidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight

Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain
FCTXAV 15,389,1977
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 168 gm/kg/17W- continuousBlood: Other changes

Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain
FCTXAV 15,389,1977
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 19796 mg/kg/12W- continuousLiver: Changes in liver weight

Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight
FCTXAV 15,389,1977
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 25200 mg/kg/21D- continuousLiver: Changes in liver weight

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Catalases
TXAPA9 77,116,1985
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 14 gm/kg/14D- intermittentLiver: Other changes

Liver: Changes in liver weight
TOLED5 66,317,1993
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 8400 mg/kg/14D- continuousLiver: Changes in liver weight

Endocrine: Evidence of thyroid hyperfunction

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)
TOLED5 121,35,2001
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 5.52 gm/kg/7D- continuousNutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gainTOSCF2 55,433,2000
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 143.6 gm/kg/182D- continuousBlood: Other changes

Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count
TOSCF2 55,433,2000
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 287.2 gm/kg/364D- continuousBlood: Normocytic anemia

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other
TOSCF2 55,433,2000
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 170.8 gm/kg/182D- continuousBlood: Normocytic anemia

Blood: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other
TOSCF2 55,433,2000
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 26.7 gm/kg/182D- continuousBiochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Plasma proteins not involving coagulationTOSCF2 55,433,2000
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 4.2 gm/kg/104W- continuousKidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changesTOSCF2 55,433,2000
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 21.04 gm/kg/104W- continuousReproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)TOSCF2 55,433,2000
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 106.7 gm/kg/104W- continuousLiver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal

Liver: Changes in liver weight

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight
TOSCF2 55,433,2000
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 132.3 gm/kg/104W- continuousLiver: Changes in liver weightTOSCF2 55,433,2000
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 683.2 gm/kg/104W- continuousKidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weightTOSCF2 55,433,2000
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 12000 mg/kg/10D- intermittentReproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in prostate weight
ATSUDG 4,452,1980
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 42000 mg/kg/21D- continuousLiver: Fatty liver degenerationEVHPAZ 70,195,1986
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 1050 mg/kg/21D- continuousLiver: Changes in liver weight

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects

Biochemical: Effect on specific coenzyme: CoA
EVHPAZ 70,195,1986
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 21000 mg/kg/21D- continuousLiver: Other changesEVHPAZ 70,195,1986
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 1050 mg/kg/21D- continuousBiochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes
EVHPAZ 70,195,1986
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 4200 mg/kg/21D- continuousLiver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases

Biochemical: Effect on specific coenzyme: CoA
EVHPAZ 70,195,1986
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 54800 mg/kg/274D- continuousBiochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other hydrolasesEVHPAZ 70,195,1986
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 21000 mg/kg/21D- continuousLiver: Changes in liver weight

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Catalases
EVHPAZ 70,195,1986
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 10153 mg/kg/13D- continuousLiver: Changes in liver weight

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Catalases
EVHPAZ 70,195,1986
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 1338 mg/kg/3D- continuousBiochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other hydrolasesEVHPAZ 70,195,1986
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 3600 mg/kg/3D- continuousEndocrine: Evidence of thyroid hypofunction

Blood: Other changes
EVHPAZ 70,195,1986
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 12600 mg/kg/21D- continuousEndocrine: Evidence of thyroid hypofunction

Blood: Other changes
EVHPAZ 70,195,1986
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 28 gm/kg/14D- intermittentLiver: Changes in liver weight

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight
ENVRAL 36,160,1985
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 36000 mg/kg/12D- intermittentNutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gainTXAPA9 128,216,1994
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 16000 mg/kg/8D- intermittentEndocrine: Effect on menstrual cycleTXAPA9 128,216,1994
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 6000 mg/kg/3D- intermittentEndocrine: Change in LH

Endocrine: Change in gonadotropins

Reproductive: Maternal effects: Ovaries, fallopian tubes
TXAPA9 128,216,1994
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 10000 mg/kg/5D- intermittentEndocrine: Other changesTXAPA9 128,216,1994
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 28000 mg/kg/10D- intermittentReproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm ductEVHPAZ 65,237,1986
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 23800 mg/kg/14D- continuousReproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight
EVHPAZ 65,237,1986
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 1000 mg/kg/5D- intermittentReproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)TXAPA9 95,104,1988
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 2500 mg/kg/5D- intermittentReproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight
TXAPA9 95,104,1988
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 5000 mg/kg/5D- intermittentRelated to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type fieldTXAPA9 95,104,1988
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 5000 mg/kg/5D- intermittentReproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight
TXAPA9 95,104,1988
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 10000 mg/kg/5D- intermittentRelated to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weightTXAPA9 95,104,1988
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 5000 mg/kg/5D- intermittentReproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct
TXAPA9 95,104,1988
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 12600 mg/kg/6W- continuousNutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gainEVHPAZ 65,343,1986
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 8400 mg/kg/1W- continuousBehavioral: Food intake (animal)EVHPAZ 65,343,1986
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 72000 mg/kg/60D- continuousReproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight
EVHPAZ 65,343,1986
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 18000 mg/kg/60D- continuousLiver: Changes in liver weightEVHPAZ 65,343,1986
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 1050 mg/kg/2W- continuousBlood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)EVHPAZ 65,343,1986
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 28000 mg/kg/10D- intermittentNutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in prostate weight

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight
EVHPAZ 65,229,1986
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 28000 mg/kg/10D- intermittentNutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in prostate weight
EVHPAZ 65,229,1986
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 840 mg/kg/7D- continuousLiver: Changes in liver weight

Endocrine: Evidence of thyroid hyperfunction

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects
ATSUDG 12,85,1988
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 6000 mg/kg/3D- intermittentEndocrine: Change in gonadotropins

Reproductive: Maternal effects: Ovaries, fallopian tubes

Reproductive: Maternal effects: Menstrual cycle changes or disorders
TXAPA9 128,216,1994
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 2.52 gm/kg/7D- continuousLiver: Other changes

Liver: Changes in liver weight

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Cytochrome oxidases (indlucing oxidative phosphrylation)
EVHPAZ 110,363,2002
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 2.1 gm/kg/7D- continuousLiver: Changes in liver weight

Endocrine: Changes in thyroid weight

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Cytochrome oxidases (indlucing oxidative phosphrylation)
EVHPAZ 110,363,2002
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 10.08 gm/kg/28D- continuousLiver: Other changes

Liver: Changes in liver weight

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Cytochrome oxidases (indlucing oxidative phosphrylation)
EVHPAZ 110,363,2002
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 8.4 gm/kg/28D- continuousLiver: Changes in liver weight

Endocrine: Changes in thyroid weight

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Cytochrome oxidases (indlucing oxidative phosphrylation)
EVHPAZ 110,363,2002
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 6260 mg/kg/20D- continuousNutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gainNTIS** #87119046
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 11460 mg/kg/20D- continuousBehavioral: Food intake (animal)

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain
NTIS** #87119046
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 5040 mg/kg/4W- continuousLiver: Other changes

Endocrine: Estrogenic

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)
IJCNAW 58,736,1994
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 10080 mg/kg/8W- continuousLiver: Other changes

Endocrine: Estrogenic

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)
IJCNAW 58,736,1994
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 20160 mg/kg/16W- continuousLiver: Other changes

Endocrine: Estrogenic
IJCNAW 58,736,1994
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 2000 mg/kg/4D- continuousNutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gainNTIS** #PB85-105658
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 5000 mg/kg/20D- continuousBehavioral: Food intake (animal)

Liver: Changes in liver weight

Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair
NTIS** #PB85-105658
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 8400 mg/kg/1W- continuousLiver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects
PHTOEH 65,265,1989
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 8400 mg/kg/1W- continuousLiver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.)

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport
TOLED5 76,63,1995
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 700 mg/kg/14D- intermittentLiver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other transferases
FCTOD7 42,107,2004
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 2800 mg/kg/14D- intermittentLiver: Changes in liver weight

Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.)
FCTOD7 42,107,2004
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 38304 mg/kg/21D- continuousEndocrine: Evidence of thyroid hyperfunctionREPTED 16,709,2002
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 38304 mg/kg/21D- continuousLiver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal

Liver: Changes in liver weight

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects
REPTED 16,709,2002
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 18240 mg/kg/10D- continuousLiver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Catalases
REPTED 16,709,2002
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 134.4 gm/kg/28D- continuousLiver: Other changesTOXID9 72,235,2003
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 8000 mg/kg/8D- intermittentEndocrine: Other changes

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)
EVHPAZ 111,139,2003
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 9000 mg/kg/9D- intermittentEndocrine: Estrogenic

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)
EVHPAZ 111,139,2003
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 6836 mg/kg/2W- intermittentLiver: Other changesTXAPA9 197,229,2004
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 140 mg/kg/14D- intermittentReproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other
BIREBV 65,1252,2001
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 280 mg/kg/28D- intermittentEndocrine: Change in gonadotropins

Endocrine: Androgenic
BIREBV 65,1252,2001
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 13500 mg/kg/18D- intermittentNutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gainEVHPAZ 109,229,2001
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 6 gm/kg/3D- intermittentNutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Other metals
TXCYAC 171,105,2002
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 14 gm/kg/7D- intermittentNutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Other metals

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight
TXCYAC 171,105,2002
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 1250 mg/kg/28D- continuousLiver: Liver function tests impairedTXAPA9 197,231,2004
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 1000 mg/kg/10D- intermittentLiver: Changes in liver weightTXCYAC 208,115,2005
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 2000 mg/kg/10D- intermittentLiver: Changes in liver weight

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in prostate weight
TXCYAC 208,115,2005
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 8.4 gm/kg/28D- continuousBlood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport
LPDSAP 13,673,1978
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 12600 mg/kg/5W- intermittentLiver: Changes in liver weightREPTED 21,253,2006
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 52500 mg/kg/5W- intermittentNutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gainREPTED 21,253,2006
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 4 gm/kg/2D- intermittentReproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands
REPTED 22,77,2006
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 4 gm/kg/2D- intermittentRelated to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weightREPTED 22,77,2006
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 14 gm/kg/7D- intermittentNutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gainREPTED 22,77,2006
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 500 mg/kg/5D- intermittentReproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases
ARTODN 77,446,2003
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 5000 mg/kg/5D- intermittentReproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight
ARTODN 77,446,2003
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 28000 mg/kg/14D- intermittentNutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight
TOXID9 1,72,2001
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 9350.32 mg/kg/4W- intermittentKidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weightREPTED 22,411,2006
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 45594.08 mg/kg/4W- intermittentBlood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain
REPTED 22,411,2006
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 14000 mg/kg/4W- intermittentReproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)TERP2* -,310,2004
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 6300 mg/kg/21D- intermittentLiver: Changes in liver weight

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight
IJTOFN 22,159,2003
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 11400 mg/kg/19D- intermittentKidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight

Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain
IJTOFN 22,159,2003
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 3000 mg/kg/3D- intermittentRelated to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type fieldIJTOFN 22,159,2003
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 8000 mg/kg/8D- intermittentNutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gainJTSCDR 30,175,2005
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 1.71 mg/kg/38D- intermittentKidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weightTOSCF2 91,247,2006
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 15390 mg/kg/38D- intermittentLiver: Changes in liver weight

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight
TOSCF2 91,247,2006
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 15 gm/kg/30D- intermittentRelated to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct
FCTOD7 90,64,2016
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 5.25 mg/kg/15W- intermittentLiver: Other changesTXAPA9 316,17,2017
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 70 mg/kg/7D- intermittentReproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm ductTXCYAC 306,9,2013
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 210 mg/kg/21D- intermittentEndocrine: Change in LHTOLED5 215,84,2012
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 350 mg/kg/35D- intermittentEndocrine: Other changesTOLED5 215,84,2012
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 350 mg/kg/14D- intermittentReproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm ductTOLED5 215,84,2012
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 13671.7 mg/kg/2W- intermittentLiver: Multiple effects

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects
ARTODN 81,219,2007
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 6300 mg/kg/7D- continuousLiver: Changes in liver weight

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight
TOLED5 173,107,2007
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 85085 mg/kg/13W- continuousLiver: Changes in liver weightMOCAE8 42,9,2005
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 60480 mg/kg/12W- continuousLiver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Catalases
TOLED5 178,110,2008
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 4200 mg/kg/2W- intermittentLiver: Other changes

Reproductive: Maternal effects: Menstrual cycle changes or disorders
JTSCDR 34,SP111,2009
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 84000 mg/kg/4W- intermittentReproductive: Maternal effects: Menstrual cycle changes or disorders

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in ovarian weight
JTSCDR 34,SP111,2009
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 14000 mg/kg/2W- intermittentLiver: Other changes

Liver: Changes in liver weight

Reproductive: Maternal effects: Ovaries, fallopian tubes
JTSCDR 34,SP111,2009
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 42000 mg/kg/2W- intermittentLiver: Changes in liver weight

Endocrine: Other changes

Endocrine: Changes in pituitary weight
JTSCDR 34,SP111,2009
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 8400 mg/kg/4W- intermittentLiver: Other changes

Liver: Changes in liver weight

Reproductive: Maternal effects: Ovaries, fallopian tubes
JTSCDR 34,SP111,2009
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 22000 mg/kg/22D- intermittentReproductive: Maternal effects: Menstrual cycle changes or disorders

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain
JTSCDR 34,SP111,2009
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 28000 mg/kg/4W- intermittentGastrointestinal: Changes in structure or function of salivary glands

Liver: Changes in liver weight

Reproductive: Maternal effects: Ovaries, fallopian tubes
JTSCDR 34,SP111,2009
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg/30D- intermittentEndocrine: Androgenic

Musculoskeletal: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other carbohydrates
TXAPA9 257,155,2011
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 3000 mg/kg/30D- intermittentEndocrine: Other changes

Musculoskeletal: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphokinase
TXAPA9 257,155,2011
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 2800 mg/kg/28D- intermittentEndocrine: HyperglycemiaTXAPA9 257,155,2011
skin/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 30000 mg/kg/15D- intermittentLiver: Changes in liver weightTXCYAC 244,231,2008
subcutaneous/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 3 mg/kg/3D- intermittentBiochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight
JTEHD6 26,39,1989
unreported route/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 2300 mg/kg/2D- intermittentLiver: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other
TOXID9 60,205,2001
unreported route/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 3450 mg/kg/3D- intermittentLiver: Other changes

Liver: Changes in liver weight
TXCYAC 213,223,2005
unreported route/rat lowest published toxic dose: 18900 mg/kg/21D- intermittentReproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in prostate weight
TOXID9 44,281,2005
unreported route/rat lowest published toxic dose: 18900 mg/kg/21D- intermittentRelated to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weightTOXID9 44,281,2005
unreported route/rat lowest published toxic dose: 18900 mg/kg/21D- intermittentEndocrine: Other changes

Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight
TOXID9 44,281,2005

Reviews

OrganizationStandardReference
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 5 mg/m3DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)Threshold Limit Value-Confirmed animal carcinogenDTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient EvidenceIMEMDT 77,564,2000
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient EvidenceIMEMDT 101,260,2013
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Human Inadequate EvidenceIMEMDT 77,564,2000
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Group 3IMEMDT 77,564,2000
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Group 2BIMEMDT 101,260,2013
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWEVHPAZ 3,73,1973
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWRREVAH 54,1,1975
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWJJOMDZ 15,808,1973
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWCMTVAS 10(3),49,1973
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWESKHA5 (93),1,1975
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWTXAPA9 45,1,1978
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWJTEHD6 9,141,1982
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWJJATDK 8,75,1988
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWFAATDF 13,747,1989
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWREPTED 16,679,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 543,201,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 567,227,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWTXAPA9 197,178,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWBPCEM* 16,105,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWENTOX* -,733,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWCRTXB2 36,695,2006
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 584,1,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWBCLPT* 96,131,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 658,124,2008
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWREPTED 25,192,2008
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWREPTED 22,291,2006
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 654,114,2008
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWJTPAE7 17,69,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWJTPAE7 20,197,2007
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWHUTOX* -,649,1996
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 672,10,2009
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWHTOPA* 1,501,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWRTOPDW 53,90,2009
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWJTSCDR 34,SP1,2009
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 590,1,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 682,94,2009
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWFESTAS 90,911,2008
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 705,165,2010
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 705,184,2010
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWREPTED 31,327,2011
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWREPTED 31,363,2011
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 653,99,2008
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 728,107,2011
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 721,27,2011
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWTXCYAC 285,83,2011
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 750,141,2012
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 751,82,2012
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWREPTED 38,1,2013
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWREPTED 34,298,2012
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWTXAPA9 254,86,2011
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 764-765,46,2014
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 764-765,36,2014
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWTOLED5 201,152,2011
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWTOLED5 202,36,2011
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWREPTED 49,117,2014
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWNRTXDN 41,112,2014
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWTXCYAC 307,35,2013
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWTXCYAC 311,41,2013
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 786-788,14,2015
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWTXAPA9 261,227,2012
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 767,67,2016
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 795,7,2016
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWNETOX* 48,21,2015
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWFCTOD7 86,298,2015
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWNETEEC 52,25,2015
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWNRTXDN 55,92,2016
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWJOETD7 176,135,2015
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWREPTED 65,76,2016
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWREPTED 54,141,2015
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWEMMUEG 57,579,2016
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWTOLED5 265,106,2017
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWENVIN* 94,758,2016
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 832-833,7,2018
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWREPTED 81,140,2018
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWREPTED 81,147,2018
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWRTOPDW 61,251,2011
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWSFDRA* 38,523,2016

Standards and Regulations

OrganizationStandardReference
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATIONFEREAC 54,7740,1989
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1998 STATUS OF PESTICIDESCancelledRBREV* -,270,1998
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-airtime-weighted average 5 mg/m3DTLVS* 3,96,1971
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV;
Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIAtime-weighted average 5 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 10 mg/m3, JUL2008
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIAMAK-TMW 5 mg/m3;KZW 50 mg/m3, inhal, 2007
Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUMtime-weighted average 5 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 10 mg/m3, MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARKtime-weighted average 3 mg/m3, MAY2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLANDtime-weighted average 5 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 10 mg/m3, NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCEVME 5 mg/m3, FEB2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-GERMANYMAK 10 mg/m3, 2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARYtime-weighted average 10 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 40 mg/m3, Skin, SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELANDtime-weighted average 3 mg/m3, carc, NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPANOccupational Exposure Limit 5 mg/m3, 2B carc, MAY2012
Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREAtime-weighted average 5 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 10 mg/m3, 2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICOtime-weighted average 5 mg/m3;short term exposure limit 10 mg/m3, 2004
Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALANDtime-weighted average 5 mg/m3; short term exposure limit 10 mg/m3, JAN2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAYtime-weighted average 3 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-PERUtime-weighted average 5 mg/m3, JUL2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-POLANDMAC(time-weighted average) 1 mg/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) 5 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIAshort term exposure limit 1 mg/m3, JUN2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDENtime-weighted average 3 mg/m3;short term exposure limit 5 mg/m3, JUN2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLANDMAK-week 5 mg/m3, inhal, JAN2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINEStime-weighted average 5 mg/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOMtime-weighted average 5 mg/m3;short term exposure limit 10 mg/m3, OCT2007
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction)8H time-weighted average 5 mg/m3CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors)8H time-weighted average 5 mg/m3CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry)8H time-weighted average 5 mg/m3CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards)8H time-weighted average 5 mg/m3CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993

NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance

OrganizationStandardReference
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO DEHP-air10H Carcinogen time-weighted average 5 mg/m3;short term exposure limit 10 mg/m3NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983Hazard Code M0347; Number of Industries 164; Total Number of Facilities 19879; Number of Occupations 116; Total Number of Employees Exposed 340800; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 106918
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974Hazard Code M0347; Number of Industries 222; Total Number of Facilities 33723; Number of Occupations 126; Total Number of Employees Exposed 332356

Status in Federal Agencies

OrganizationReference
ATSDR TOXICOLOGY PROFILE (NTIS** PB/93/182400/AS)
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: In vitro SCE-nonhuman
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat; Rodent dominant lethal
EPA TSCA 8(a) PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT INFORMATION, FINAL RULEFEREAC 47,26992,82
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA Section 8(e) Risk Notification, 8EHQ-0892-9120
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NCI Carcinogenesis Studies (feed);clear evidence:mouse,rat
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, 5020
NTP 14th Report on Carcinogens,2016:Reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogen
NTP Carcinogenesis studies; on test (prechronic studies), October 2000
On EPA IRIS database
OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #104
Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018