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Ethanol, 2-chloro-

RTECS #
KK0875000
CAS #
107-07-3
See: NMAM or OSHA Methods
Updated
December 2018
Molecular Weight
80.52
Molecular Formula
C2H5ClO
Synonyms
2-Chloorethanol (Dutch)
2-Chloraethanol (German)
2-Chlorethanol (German)
2-Chloroethanol
2-Chloroethanol (OSHA)
2-Chloroethyl alcohol
2-Cloroetanolo (Italian)
2-Monochloroethanol
Aethylenechlorhydrin (German)
beta-Chloroethyl alcohol
Chloroethanol
Chloroethylowy alkohol (Polish)
delta-Chloroethanol
Ethyleen-chloorhydrine (Dutch)
Ethylene chlorhydrin
Ethylene chlorohydrin
Ethylene chlorohydrin (ACGIH:OSHA)
Ethylene glycol, chlorohydrin
Glicol monocloridrina (Italian)
Glycol chlorohydrin
Glycol monochlorohydrin
Glycolmonochloorhydrine (Dutch)
Glycomonochlorhydrin
Monochlorhydrine du glycol (French)
NCI-C50135

Skin and Eye Irritation and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
eye /rabbit 2 mg severeAJOPAA 29,1363,1946
eye /rabbit 33 mg moderateTXAPA9 16,382,1970
eye /rabbit 9 mg/6H moderateBUYRAI 31,25,1977
skin /rabbit 200 mg/2H mildTXAPA9 16,382,1970

Mutation Data and Reference

System TestRoute/Organism/TissueDoseReference
Cytogenetic Analysisinhalation/rat1 mg/m3GISAAA 36(11),9,1971
Cytogenetic Analysisoral/mouse500 µg/kgGISAAA 43(8),13,1978
Cytogenetic Analysisovary/hamster980 mg/LEMMUEG 14,165,1989
DNA repair/Escherichia coli10 µmol/plateMUREAV 26,367,1974
mutation in microorganisms/Klebsiella pneumoniae15 mmol/L (-enzymatic activation step)EXPEAM 25,85,1969
mutation in microorganisms/Aspergillus nidulans40 gm/L (-enzymatic activation step)CBINA8 30,9,1980
mutation in microorganisms/Salmonella typhimurium20 µmol/plate (+enzymatic activation step)MUREAV 26,367,1974
mutation in microorganisms/Salmonella typhimurium3333 µg/plate (-enzymatic activation step)ENMUDM 5(Suppl 1),3,1983
mutation in microorganismslymphocyte/mouse80 mg/L (+enzymatic activation step)EMMUEG 12,85,1988
other mutation test systems/Escherichia coli2914 µmol/LEMMUEG 19,98,1992
other mutation test systemsoral/rat20 mg/LJACTDZ 1(3),37,1982
other mutation test systemsliver/rat12 gm/LJACTDZ 1(3),37,1982
other mutation test systemsinhalation/rat1 mg/m3GISAAA 36(11),9,1971
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction/Aspergillus nidulans74500 µmol/LMUREAV 138,33,1984
sister chromatid exchangeovary/hamster1200 mg/LSCIEAS 236,933,1987

Reproductive Effects Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
intravenous/mouse 180 mg/kg (8-10D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)NTIS** #PB85-172104/AS
intravenous/mouse 360 mg/kg (4-6D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal deathNTIS** #PB85-172104/AS
intravenous/mouse 360 mg/kg (8-10D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death

Reproductive: Other effects to embryo or fetus
NTIS** #PB85-172104/AS
intravenous/mouse 360 mg/kg (10-12D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal deathNTIS** #PB85-172104/AS
oral/mouse 1100 mg/kg (6-16D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Hepatobiliary system
JPFCD2 17,381,1982

Tumorigenic Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
skin/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 156000 mg/kg/104W- intermittentTumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors

Blood: Tumors
NTIS** PB86-145513/AS

Acute Toxicity Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
In Vitro/Human, liver tumor Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 122 mmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell protein synthesisTIVIEQ 3,189,1989
In Vitro/Non-mammalian species, fibroblast Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 3.06 mmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell countingTIVIEQ 7,537,1993
inhalation/guinea pig lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 870 mg/m3GTPZAB 15(2),54,1971
inhalation/guinea pig lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 870 mg/m3Brain and Coverings: Increased intracranial pressure

Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage)

Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)
VCVGK* -,182,1994
inhalation/human Lowest published lethal concentration: 1000 mg/m3Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Cardiac: Other changes

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression
VCVGK* -,183,1994
inhalation/man Lowest published lethal concentration: 305 ppm/2HLiver: Other changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes
JIHTAB 26,277,1944
inhalation/mouse lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 385 mg/m3Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea
HYSAAV 36(4-6),376,1971
inhalation/mouse lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 385 mg/m3Brain and Coverings: Increased intracranial pressure

Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage)

Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)
VCVGK* -,182,1994
inhalation/rat lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 290 mg/m3Brain and Coverings: Increased intracranial pressure

Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage)

Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)
VCVGK* -,182,1994
inhalation/rat lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 290 mg/m3Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea
HYSAAV 36(4-6),376,1971
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 40 mg/m3/4HBrain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Liver: Other changes

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)
VCVGK* -,183,1994
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 100 mg/m3Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm ductVCVGK* -,183,1994
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 1 mg/m3Blood: Changes in bone marrow not included in aboveVCVGK* -,183,1994
intraperitoneal/guinea pig lethal dose (50 percent kill): 110 mg/kgBrain and Coverings: Increased intracranial pressure

Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage)

Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)
VCVGK* -,182,1994
intraperitoneal/guinea pig lethal dose (50 percent kill): 85 mg/kgJPMSAE 61,19,1972
intraperitoneal/mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 97 mg/kgJPMSAE 61,19,1972
intraperitoneal/rabbit lethal dose (50 percent kill): 80 mg/kgJPMSAE 61,19,1972
intraperitoneal/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 95 mg/kgBrain and Coverings: Increased intracranial pressure

Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage)

Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)
VCVGK* -,182,1994
intraperitoneal/rat lowest published lethal dose: 58 mg/kgLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depressionTOXID9 90,249,2006
intravenous/rabbit lowest published lethal dose: 100 mg/kgCardiac: Pulse rate decreased with fall in BP

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease
BJIMAG 1,207,1944
oral/child lowest published lethal dose: 396 mg/kgJTCTDW 39,587,2001
oral/guinea pig lethal dose (50 percent kill): 75 mg/kgBrain and Coverings: Increased intracranial pressure

Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage)

Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)
VCVGK* -,182,1994
oral/guinea pig lethal dose (50 percent kill): 110 mg/kgBehavioral: General anesthetic

Gastrointestinal: Other changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes
JIHTAB 23,259,1941
oral/man lowest published lethal dose: 330 mg/kgJTCTDW 39,587,2001
oral/man lowest published toxic dose: 88 mg/kgCardiac: Change in rate

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting

Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section
JTCTDW 39,587,2001
oral/mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 91 mg/kgBrain and Coverings: Increased intracranial pressure

Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage)

Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)
VCVGK* -,182,1994
oral/mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 81 mg/kgJPMSAE 60,568,1971
oral/rabbit lethal dose (50 percent kill): 100 mg/kgBrain and Coverings: Increased intracranial pressure

Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage)

Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)
VCVGK* -,183,1994
oral/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 71 mg/kgBehavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea
HYSAAV 36(4-6),376,1971
oral/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 71 mg/kgBrain and Coverings: Increased intracranial pressure

Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage)

Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)
VCVGK* -,182,1994
oral/woman lowest published toxic dose: 99 mg/kgCardiac: Pulse rate decreased with fall in BP

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting
JTCTDW 39,587,2001
oral/woman lowest published lethal dose: 800 mg/kgJTCTDW 39,587,2001
oral/woman lowest published toxic dose: 99 mg/kgCardiac: Change in rate

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting

Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section
JTCTDW 39,587,2001
skin/guinea pig lethal dose (50 percent kill): 20 mg/kgVCVGK* -,183,1994
skin/guinea pig lowest published lethal dose: 70 mg/kgJIHTAB 27,93,1945
skin/mammal (species unspecified) lowest published lethal dose: 0.07 mg/kgTPKVAL 2,41,1961
skin/mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 18 mg/kg85GMAT -,66,1982
skin/rabbit lethal dose (50 percent kill): 67 mg/kgJPMSAE 61,19,1972
skin/rabbit lethal dose (50 percent kill): 700 mg/kgBrain and Coverings: Increased intracranial pressure

Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage)

Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)
VCVGK* -,183,1994
skin/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 293 mg/kgNTPTR* NTP-TR-275,1985
subcutaneous/frog lowest published lethal dose: 250 mg/kgBJIMAG 1,207,1944
subcutaneous/guinea pig lethal dose (50 percent kill): 75 mg/kgGTPZAB 15(2),54,1971
subcutaneous/mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 98 mg/kgGTPZAB 15(2),54,1971
subcutaneous/rabbit lethal dose (50 percent kill): 100 mg/kgGTPZAB 15(2),54,1971
subcutaneous/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 84 mg/kgBehavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea
HYSAAV 36(4-6),376,1971
subcutaneous/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 84 mg/kgBrain and Coverings: Increased intracranial pressure

Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage)

Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)
VCVGK* -,182,1994
unreported route/mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 91 mg/kgBrain and Coverings: Recordings from specific areas of CNSGISAAA 43(8),13,1978
unreported route/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 71 mg/kgBrain and Coverings: Recordings from specific areas of CNSGISAAA 43(8),13,1978

Other Multiple Dose Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 3400 mg/m3/15M/11D- intermittentLiver: Fatty liver degeneration

Blood: Hemorrhage

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field
BJIMAG 1,207,1944
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 1 mg/m3/4H/17W- intermittentBlood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Blood: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases
GISAAA 36(6),37,1971
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 10 mg/m3/4H/28D- intermittentBrain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Blood: Change in clotting factors

Blood: Changes in bone marrow not included in above
VCVGK* -,183,1994
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 1 mg/m3/4H/28D- intermittentEndocrine: Hypoglycemia

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)
VCVGK* -,183,1994
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 10 mg/m3/122D- intermittentLiver: Other changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain
VCVGK* -,183,1994
intraperitoneal/rat lowest published toxic dose: 384 mg/kg/30D- intermittentNutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field
JPMSAE 60,1163,1971
intraperitoneal/rat lowest published toxic dose: 1152 mg/kg/12W- intermittentRelated to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type fieldJPMSAE 60,1163,1971
intravenous/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 360 mg/kg/3D- intermittentNutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field
NTIS** #PB85-172104/AS
intravenous/rabbit lowest published toxic dose: 81 mg/kg/9D- intermittentRelated to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type fieldNTIS** #PB85-170959/AS
oral/Dog lowest published toxic dose: 1932 mg/kg/15W- intermittentGastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain
FCTXAV 13,313,1975
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 5670 mg/kg/12W- intermittentLiver: Changes in liver weight

Endocrine: Changes in pituitary weight

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field
FCTXAV 13,313,1975
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 91 mg/kg/26W- intermittentLiver: Other changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes

Endocrine: Other changes
VCVGK* -,183,1994
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 91 mg/kg/26W- intermittentGastrointestinal: Changes in structure or function of exocrine pancreasGISAAA 41(7),102,1976
skin/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 1411 gm/kg/14D- intermittentRelated to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type fieldNTPTR* NTP-TR-275,1985
skin/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 1154 mg/kg/13W- intermittentRelated to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type fieldNTPTR* NTP-TR-275,1985
skin/rat lowest published toxic dose: 6188 mg/kg/14D- intermittentRelated to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type fieldNTPTR* NTP-TR-275,1985
skin/rat lowest published toxic dose: 32500 mg/kg/13W- intermittentLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Chronic pulmonary edema or congestion

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field
NTPTR* NTP-TR-275,1985
unreported route/rat lowest published toxic dose: 910 mg/kg/26W- intermittentLiver: Other changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)
GISAAA 43(8),13,1978

Reviews

OrganizationStandardReference
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)Threshold Limit Value-ceiling concentration 1 ppm (skin)DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)Threshold Limit Value-Not classifiable as a human carcinogenDTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWCMTVAS 10(3),49,1973
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWREPTED 25,192,2008
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 727,42,2011
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWRTOPDW 54,294,2009

Standards and Regulations

OrganizationStandardReference
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-airtime-weighted average 5 ppm (16 mg/m3)DTLVS* 3,108,1971
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV;
Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIAceiling concentration 1 ppm (3.3 mg/m3), JUL2008
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIAMAK-TMW 1 ppm (3 mg/m3);KZW 5 ppm (15 mg/m3), skin, 2007
Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUMshort term exposure limit 1 ppm (3.3 mg/m3), Skin, MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARKceiling concentration 1 ppm (3 mg/m3), skin, MAY2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLANDshort term exposure limit 1 ppm (3.3 mg/m3), skin, NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCEVLE 1 ppm (3 mg/m3), Skin, FEB2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-GERMANYMAK 1 ppm (3.3 mg/m3), 2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELANDshort term exposure limit 1 ppm (3.5 mg/m3), skin, NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREAceiling concentration 1 ppm (3 mg/m3), 2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICOpeak 1 ppm (3 mg/m3), 2004
Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALANDceiling concentration 1 ppm (3.3 mg/m3), skin, JAN2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-PERUshort term exposure limit 1 ppm (3.3 mg/m3), JUL2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-POLANDMAC(time-weighted average) 1 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 3 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIAshort term exposure limit 0.5 mg/m3, Skin, JUN2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDENceiling concentration 1 ppm (3.5 mg/m3), Skin, JUN2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLANDceiling concentration 1 ppm (3 mg/m3), skin, JAN2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDSMAC-C 3 mg/m3, Skin, 2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINEStime-weighted average 5 ppm (16 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-TURKEYtime-weighted average 5 ppm (16 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOMshort term exposure limit 1 ppm (3.4 mg/m3), skin, OCT2007
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction)8H time-weighted average 5 ppm (16 mg/m3) (skin)CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors)8H time-weighted average 5 ppm (16 mg/m3) (skin)CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry)8H time-weighted average 5 ppm (16 mg/m3) (skin)CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards)8H time-weighted average 5 ppm (16 mg/m3) (skin)CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993

NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance

OrganizationStandardReference
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO ETHYLENE CHLOROHYDRIN-airceiling concentration 1 ppm (Sk)NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983Hazard Code X4018; Number of Industries 1; Total Number of Facilities 17; Number of Occupations 1; Total Number of Employees Exposed 476; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 68

Status in Federal Agencies

OrganizationReference
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: S pombe-forward mutation
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Sperm morphology-mouse; S cerevisiae gene conversion
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: E coli polA without S9; Histidine reversion-Ames test
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NCI Carcinogenesis Studies (derm);no evidence:mouse,rat
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Ethylene chlorohydrin, 2513
Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018