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Butyl alcohol

RTECS #
EO1400000
CAS #
71-36-3; 42031-19-6; 107569-51-7; 220713-25-7
See: NMAM or OSHA Methods
Updated
December 2018
Molecular Weight
74.14
Molecular Formula
C4H10O
Synonyms
1-Butanol
1-Butyl alcohol
1-Hydroxybutane
Alcool butylique (French)
Butan-1-ol
Butanol
Butanolen (Dutch)
Butanolo (Italian)
Butyl hydroxide
Butylowy alkohol (Polish)
Butyric or normal primary butyl alcohol
CCS 203
Hemostyp
Methylolpropane
n-Butan-1-ol
n-Butanol
n-Butanol (ACGIH)
n-Butyl alcohol
n-Butyl alcohol (OSHA)
Propylcarbinol
Propylmethanol
RCRA waste number U031

Skin and Eye Irritation and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
eye /human 50 ppmJIHTAB 25,282,1943
eye /human 990 ppm/1HHPV112 -,-,2008
eye /rabbit 1.62 mg severeHPV112 -,-,2008
eye /rabbit 0.005 mL severeHPV112 -,-,2008
eye /rabbit 2 mg/24H severe85JCAE -,193,1986
skin /human 20 µL/20MHPV112 -,-,2008
skin /rabbit 20 mg/24H moderate85JCAE -,193,1986

Mutation Data and Reference

System TestRoute/Organism/TissueDoseReference
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction/Aspergillus nidulans7000 ppmMUREAV 215,187,1989
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunctionlung/hamster100 mmol/LMUREAV 182,135,1987

Reproductive Effects Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
inhalation/rat 6000 ppm/7H (1-19D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)FAATDF 12,469,1989
inhalation/rat 8000 ppm/7H (1-19D pregnant)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal systemFAATDF 12,469,1989
inhalation/rat 6000 ppm (1-20D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral
HPV112 -,-,2008
oral/rat 113 gm/kg (1-20D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system
TOXID9 44,58,2005
oral/rat 35295 mg/kg (1-15D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Female fertility index (e.g., # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated)

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea)

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)
ONGZAC 22(1),71,1991
oral/rat 35295 mg/kg (1-15D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic
ONGZAC 22(1),71,1991
oral/rat 23100 mg/kg (8W prior to copulation/0-20D pregnant)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system
IOMHEZ 7,365,1994

Acute Toxicity Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
eye/human lowest published toxic dose: 72.5 mg/m3Eye: Conjunctiva irritationVCVGK* -,103,1984
In Vitro/Hamster, lung fibroblast Inhibitor Concentration Low: >76.3 mmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc.TIVIEQ 1,3,1987
In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells Inhibitor Concentration (5 percent kill): 6910 mg/L/30MIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell countingTIVIEQ 27,857,2013
In Vitro/Human, liver tumor Inhibitor Concentration Low: >76.3 mmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc.TIVIEQ 1,3,1987
In Vitro/Human, liver tumor Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 57 mmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell protein synthesisTIVIEQ 3,189,1989
In Vitro/Human, lymphocyte Inhibitor Concentration (30 percent kill): >200 mg/L/45HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc.TIVIEQ 29,901,2015
In Vitro/Human, lymphocyte Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): >200 mg/L/45HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assaysTIVIEQ 29,901,2015
In Vitro/Human, monocyte Inhibitor Concentration (20 percent kill): >10000 µmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.TOLED5 199,51,2010
In Vitro/Human, monocyte Inhibitor Concentration (20 percent kill): 10 mmol/L/2HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assaysTOLED5 199,51,2010
In Vitro/Human, skin Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): >2000 µmol/L/48HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.TXAPA9 245,281,2010
In Vitro/Mouse, fibroblast Inhibitor Concentration Low: >65.4 mmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc.TIVIEQ 1,3,1987
In Vitro/Mouse, macrophage Inhibitor Concentration Low: >76.3 mmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc.TIVIEQ 1,3,1987
In Vitro/Rabbit, ocular Inhibitor Concentration Low: 5 pph/5MIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.TIVIEQ 27,1855,2013
In Vitro/Rat, myocard Inhibitor Concentration Low: 150 mmol/L/5MIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.TIVIEQ 26,849,2012
In Vitro/Rat, myocard Inhibitor Concentration Low: 150 mmol/L/1HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.

In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro
TIVIEQ 26,849,2012
In Vitro/Rat, myocard Inhibitor Concentration Low: 150 mmol/L/6HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc.

In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.

In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro
TIVIEQ 26,849,2012
In Vitro/Rat, myocard Inhibitor Concentration Low: 150 mmol/L/30MBiochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on mitochondrial functionTIVIEQ 26,849,2012
In Vitro/Rat, myocard Inhibitor Concentration Low: 150 mmol/L/10MIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assaysTIVIEQ 26,849,2012
inhalation/human lowest published toxic concentration: 25 ppmOlfaction: Other olfaction effects

Eye: Conjunctiva irritation

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes
JIHTAB 25,282,1943
inhalation/mammal (species unspecified) lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 28400 mg/m3GISAAA 51(5),61,1986
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 500 ppm/6MLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depressionTOLED5 9,137,1981
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 6600 ppm/2HBehavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)HPV112 -,-,2008
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 3010 ppm/4HLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depressionHPV112 -,-,2008
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 6530 ppm/4HBehavioral: Muscle weaknessHPV112 -,-,2008
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 7200 ppm/8HBehavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)HPV112 -,-,2008
inhalation/rat lethal concentration (50 percent kill): >8000 ppm/4HHPV112 -,-,2008
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 1500 mg/m3Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changesVCVGK* -,101,1984
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 4600 mg/m3/4HLiver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases
VCVGK* -,101,1984
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 7400 mg/m3/4HLiver: Other changes

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases
VCVGK* -,101,1984
inhalation/rat lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 24000 mg/m3/4HVCVGK* -,101,1984
intraperitoneal/mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 254 mg/kgLiver: Other changesRCOCB8 26,75,1979
intraperitoneal/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 200 mg/kgVCVGK* -,101,1984
intraperitoneal/rat lowest published toxic dose: 400 mg/kgBehavioral: AtaxiaVCVGK* -,101,1984
intravenous/cat lowest published lethal dose: 243 mg/kgJPETAB 16,1,1920
intravenous/mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 377 mg/kgAIPTAK 135,330,1962
intravenous/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 310 mg/kgEVHPAZ 61,321,1985
oral/Dog lowest published lethal dose: 1760 mg/kgGastrointestinal: Other changes

Blood: Hemorrhage
COREAF 81,192,1875
oral/Dog lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1782 mg/kgHPV112 -,-,2008
oral/hamster lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1.2 gm/kgHPV112 -,-,2008
oral/human lowest published lethal dose: 428 mg/kgVCVGK* -,103,1984
oral/mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 100 mg/kgVCVGK* -,101,1984
oral/rabbit lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3484 mg/kgEye: Corneal damage

Cardiac: Pulse rate decreased with fall in BP

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea
IMSUAI 41,31,1972
oral/rabbit lowest published toxic dose: 0.8 gm/kgBehavioral: General anestheticHPV112 -,-,2008
oral/rabbit lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3400 mg/kgVCVGK* -,102,1984
oral/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 4.36 gm/kgGastrointestinal: Gastritis

Liver: Other changes

Blood: Hemorrhage
HPV112 -,-,2008
oral/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 0.79 gm/kgHPV112 -,-,2008
oral/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 790 mg/kgLiver: Fatty liver degeneration

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes

Blood: Other changes
SAMJAF 43,795,1969
oral/wild bird lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2500 mg/kgAECTCV 12,355,1983
skin/rabbit lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3400 mg/kgNPIRI* 1,10,1974
skin/rabbit lowest published lethal dose: 5 mL/kgHPV112 -,-,2008
subcutaneous/Dog lowest published lethal dose: 2 gm/kgGastrointestinal: Other changes

Blood: Hemorrhage
COREAF 81,192,1875
subcutaneous/mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3200 mg/kgTXAPA9 18,185,1971
unreported route/rabbit lowest published lethal dose: 3500 mg/kgTHMOAM 6,327,1892

Other Multiple Dose Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
inhalation/mammal (species unspecified) lowest published toxic concentration: 5 mg/m3/4H/5W- intermittentLiver: Changes in liver weightVCVGK* -,103,1994
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 6600 µg/m3/24H/17W- continuousBrain and Coverings: Recordings from specific areas of CNS

Liver: Liver function tests impaired

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Other changes
GISAAA 41(11),12,1976
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 1.36 mg/m3/30D- continuousBrain and Coverings: Other degenerative changesTOLED5 135,S122,2002
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 14.6 mg/m3/30D- continuousLiver: Multiple effects

Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight
TOLED5 135,S122,2002
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 212 mg/m3/5H/26W- intermittentImmunological Including Allergic: Increase in cellular immune responseVCVGK* -,103,1994
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 6.6 mg/m3/5H/122D- intermittentBrain and Coverings: Other degenerative changesVCVGK* -,103,1994
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 20 mg/m3/24H/90D- continuousBrain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Gastrointestinal: Other changes
VCVGK* -,103,1994
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 6600 µg/m3/24H/17W- continuousBrain and Coverings: Recordings from specific areas of CNS

Vascular: Regional or general arteriolar or venous dilation

Liver: Liver function tests impaired
GISAAA 41(11),12,1976
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 2000 ppm/6H/3D- intermittentLiver: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes
ATSUDG 8,418,1985
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 46500 mg/kg/13W- intermittentBehavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Behavioral: Ataxia

Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count
NTIS** OTS0531032
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 7 mL/kg/7D- intermittentLiver: Other changes

Biochemical: Effect on specific coenzyme: B vitamins including folate
JDGRAX 10(1-2),25,1978
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg/5D- intermittentEndocrine: Changes in adrenal weight

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Catalases
TOLED5 135,S122,2002
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 4 mg/kg/20D- intermittentEndocrine: Changes in adrenal weight

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Catalases
TOLED5 135,S122,2002
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 6 mg/kg/30D- intermittentEndocrine: Changes in adrenal weight

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Catalases
TOLED5 135,S122,2002
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 113080 mg/kg/20D- continuousNutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gainTOXID9 44,58,2005
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 45500 mg/kg/13W- intermittentBehavioral: AtaxiaHPV112 -,-,2008
skin/rabbit lowest published toxic dose: 136080 mg/kg/4D- intermittentRelated to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type fieldHPV112 -,-,2008
subcutaneous/rat lowest published toxic dose: 157 mg/kg/4D- intermittentBehavioral: AtaxiaNETEEC 10,81,1988

Reviews

OrganizationStandardReference
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 20 ppmDTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWJACTDZ 6(3),403,1987
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWTOLED5 140-141,239,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 628,67,2007
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWNCLNA* 16,503,1998
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWNTAPM* -,629,1995
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWTOLED5 199,203,2010
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 764,31,2015
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWRTOPDW 59,364,2011

Standards and Regulations

OrganizationStandardReference
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-airtime-weighted average 100 ppm (300 mg/m3)DTLVS* 3,31,1971
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV;
Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIAceiling concentration 50 ppm (152 mg/m3), JUL2008
Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUMtime-weighted average 50 ppm (154 mg/m3), Skin, MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARKceiling concentration 50 ppm (150 mg/m3), skin, MAY2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLANDtime-weighted average 50 ppm (150 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 75 ppm (230 mg/m3), skin, NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCEVLE 50 ppm (150 mg/m3), FEB2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-GERMANYMAK 100 ppm (310 mg/m3), 2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARYtime-weighted average 45 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 90 mg/m3, Skin, SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELANDshort term exposure limit 50 ppm (150 mg/m3), skin, NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-INDIAtime-weighted average 50 ppm (150 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPANceiling concentration 50 ppm (150 mg/m3), skin, MAY2012
Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREAceiling concentration 50 ppm (150 mg/m3), 2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICOpeak 50 ppm (150 mg/m3) (skin), 2004
Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALANDceiling concentration 50 ppm (150 mg/m3), skin, JAN2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAYtime-weighted average 25 ppm (75 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-PERUtime-weighted average 20 ppm (61 mg/m3); short term exposure limit 50 ppm (152 mg/m3), JUL2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-POLANDtime-weighted average 50 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 140 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIAtime-weighted average 10 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 30 mg/m3, JUN2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDENtime-weighted average 15 ppm (45 mg/m3), ceiling concentration 30 ppm (90 mg/m3), Skin, JUN2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLANDceiling concentration 50 ppm (150 mg/m3), JAN2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINEStime-weighted average 100 ppm (300 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-TURKEYtime-weighted average 100 ppm (300 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOMshort term exposure limit 50 ppm (154 mg/m3), skin, OCT2007
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction)8H time-weighted average 100 ppm (300 mg/m3)CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors)8H time-weighted average 100 ppm (300 mg/m3)CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry)8H time-weighted average 100 ppm (300 mg/m3)CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards)8H time-weighted average 100 ppm (300 mg/m3)CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993

NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance

OrganizationStandardReference
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO n-BUTYL ALCOHOL-airceiling concentration 50 ppm (Sk)NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983Hazard Code 13850; Number of Industries 304; Total Number of Facilities 57416; Number of Occupations 179; Total Number of Employees Exposed 1059965; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 269422
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974Hazard Code 13850; Number of Industries 306; Total Number of Facilities 60975; Number of Occupations 160; Total Number of Employees Exposed 678026

Status in Federal Agencies

OrganizationReference
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Histidine reversion-Ames test; In vitro SCE-nonhuman
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Alcohols II, 1401
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1996: Volatile organic compound, 2549
On EPA IRIS database
Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018