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Summary of Notifiable Diseases, United States, 1995Foreword This publication contains summary tables of the official statistics for the reported occurrence of nationally notifiable diseases in the United States for 1995. These statistics are collected and compiled from reports to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS), which is operated by CDC in collaboration with the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE). Because the dates of onset and dates of diagnosis for notifiable diseases may not always be reported, these surveillance data are presented by the week that they were reported to CDC by public health officials in state and territorial health departments. These data are finalized and published in the MMWR Summary of Notifiable Diseases, United States for use by state and local health departments; schools of medicine and public health; communications media; local, state, and federal agencies; and other agencies or persons interested in following the trends of reportable diseases in the United States. The annual publication of the Summary also documents which diseases are considered national priorities for notification and the annual number of cases of such diseases. Part 1 contains information regarding morbidity for each of the diseases considered nationally notifiable during 1995. The tables provide the number of cases of notifiable diseases reported to CDC for 1995, as well as the distribution of cases by month and geographic location and by patient's age, sex, race, and Hispanic ethnicity. The data are final totals as of July 26, 1996, unless otherwise noted. There were no reported cases of anthrax, diphtheria, and yellow fever in the United States during 1995; thus, these three nationally notifiable diseases do not appear in the tables in Part 1. In all tables, leprosy is listed as Hansen disease and tickborne typhus fever is listed as Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF). Part 2 contains graphs and maps. These graphs and maps depict summary data for many of the notifiable diseases that are described in tabular form in Part 1. Part 3 includes tables that list the number of cases of notifiable diseases reported to CDC since 1966. It also includes a table enumerating deaths associated with specified notifiable diseases that were reported to the National Center for Health Statistics, CDC, during 1984-1993. Background As of January 1, 1995, 49 infectious diseases were designated as notifiable at the national level. A notifiable disease is one for which regular, frequent, and timely information regarding individual cases is considered necessary for the prevention and control of the disease. This section briefly summarizes the history of the reporting of nationally notifiable diseases in the United States. In 1878, Congress authorized the U.S. Marine Hospital Service (i.e., the forerunner of the Public Health Service {PHS}) to collect morbidity reports regarding cholera, smallpox, plague, and yellow fever from U.S. consuls overseas; this information was to be used for instituting quarantine measures to prevent the introduction and spread of these diseases into the United States. In 1879, a specific Congressional appropriation was made for the collection and publication of reports of these notifiable diseases. The authority for weekly reporting and publication of these reports was expanded by Congress in 1893 to include data from states and municipal authorities. To increase the uniformity of the data, Congress enacted a law in 1902 directing the Surgeon General to provide forms for the collection and compilation of data and for the publication of reports at the national level. In 1912, state and territorial health authorities -- in conjunction with PHS -- recommended immediate telegraphic reporting of five infectious diseases and the monthly reporting, by letter, of 10 additional diseases. The first annual summary of The Notifiable Diseases in 1912 included reports of 10 diseases from 19 states, the District of Columbia, and Hawaii. By 1928, all states, the District of Columbia, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico were participating in national reporting of 29 specified diseases. At their annual meeting in 1950, the State and Territorial Health Officers authorized a conference of state and territorial epidemiologists whose purpose was to determine which diseases should be reported to PHS. In 1961, CDC assumed responsibility for the collection and publication of data concerning nationally notifiable diseases. The list of nationally notifiable diseases is revised periodically. For example, a disease may be added to the list as a new pathogen emerges, or a disease may be deleted as its incidence declines. Public health officials at state health departments and CDC continue to collaborate in determining which diseases should be nationally notifiable; CSTE, with input from CDC, makes recommendations annually for additions and deletions to the list of nationally notifiable diseases. However, reporting of nationally notifiable diseases to CDC by the states is voluntary. Reporting is currently mandated (i.e., by state legislation or regulation) only at the state level. The list of diseases that are considered notifiable, therefore, varies slightly by state. All states generally report the internationally quarantinable diseases (i.e., cholera, plague, and yellow fever) in compliance with the World Health Organization's International Health Regulations. CSTE and CDC held a national surveillance conference November 30- December 2, 1994, to review the state of national surveillance for infectious diseases. Conditions that were approved for addition to national surveillance during 1995 are genital infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, coccidioidomycosis (for regional surveillance), cryptosporidiosis, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS), (post-diarrheal) hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), pediatric infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), invasive group A streptococcal infections, streptococcal toxic-shock syndrome, and invasive infections caused by drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. These conditions currently are not reportable in all states, and the mechanism for reporting them may not involve clinicians or consist of reports of individual cases, which are the traditional reporting mechanisms. Reports of the number of cases of these conditions -- with the exception of genital infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis (which has been reportable in many states for a number of years) -- will not appear in the current summary tables; they will, however appear in the 1996 annual summary. At the 1994 conference, the following diseases were also proposed as deletions from the list of infectious diseases under national surveillance: amebiasis, aseptic meningitis, primary encephalitis (except for arboviral encephalitis), postinfectious encephalitis, granuloma inguinale, unspecified hepatitis, leptospirosis, lymphogranuloma venereum, rheumatic fever, and tularemia. These changes were confirmed by a vote of the full membership of CSTE in early 1995. The number of reported cases of these diseases will not appear in the summary tables for 1995 or for future years. The list of 52 infectious diseases that were designated as notifiable at the national level at the end of 1995 appears below: * Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) Anthrax Botulism ** Brucellosis Chancroid Chlamydia trachomatis, genital infection Cholera Coccidioidomycosis ** Congenital rubella syndrome Congenital syphilis Cryptosporidiosis Diphtheria Encephalitis, California Encephalitis, eastern equine Encephalitis, St. Louis Encephalitis, western equine Escherichia coli O157:H7 Gonorrhea Haemophilus influenzae, invasive disease Hansen disease (leprosy) Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome Hemolytic-uremic syndrome, post-diarrheal ** Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Hepatitis, C/non-A, non-B HIV infection, pediatric (i.e., in persons ages less than 13 years) Legionellosis Lyme disease Malaria Measles Meningococcal disease Mumps Pertussis Plague Poliomyelitis, paralytic Psittacosis Rabies, animal Rabies, human Rocky Mountain spotted fever Rubella Salmonellosis ** Shigellosis ** Streptococcal disease, invasive, group A ** Streptococcus pneumoniae, drug-resistant ** Streptococcal toxic-shock syndrome ** Syphilis Tetanus Toxic-shock syndrome Trichinosis Tuberculosis Typhoid fever Yellow fever **
Data Sources Provisional data concerning the reported occurrence of notifiable diseases are published weekly in MMWR. After each reporting year, staff in state health departments finalize reports of cases for that year with local or county health departments and reconcile the data with reports previously sent to CDC throughout the year; these data are compiled in final form in this summary. Notifiable disease reports are published in the annual MMWR Summary of Notifiable Diseases only after approval by the appropriate epidemiologist from each submitting state or territory and are the authoritative and archival counts of cases. Data published in MMWR Surveillance Summaries or other surveillance reports produced by CDC programs, which are useful for detailed epidemiologic analyses, may not agree exactly with data reported in the annual Summary of Notifiable Diseases because of differences in the timing of reports, the source of the data, and the use of different case definitions. Data in this summary were derived primarily from reports transmitted to the Division of Surveillance and Epidemiology, Epidemiology Program Office, CDC, by the health departments of 50 states, two cities, and five territories through the National Electronic Telecommunications System for Surveillance (NETSS). Final data for other diseases are from the surveillance-program records of the following CDC programs (requests for further information regarding these data should be directed to the source specified): National Center for Health Statistics Office of Vital and Health Statistics Systems (deaths from selected notifiable diseases) National Center for Infectious Diseases Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases (toxic-shock syndrome and laboratory data regarding botulism, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, Shigella, and penicillin-nonsusceptible S. pneumoniae {PNSP}) Division of HIV/AIDS Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases (laboratory data regarding arboviral encephalitis) Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases (animal rabies) National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHSTP) Division of Sexually Transmitted Diseases Prevention (chancroid, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis) Division of Tuberculosis Elimination (tuberculosis) National Immunization Program Epidemiology and Surveillance Division (poliomyelitis) Disease totals for the United States, unless otherwise stated, do not include data for American Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI). Disease totals from American Samoa were unavailable for 1995. Population estimates for states are based on the July 1, 1995, post-censal estimates made by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Population Division, Population Estimates Branch, Press Release CB94-204. Because these estimates are unavailable by age and sex for 1995, rates for reported disease occurrences by age group and among males and females use population totals from the July 1, 1993, post-censal estimates. Population estimates for territories are from the 1990 census, U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Press Releases CB91-142, 242, 243, 263, and 276. Rates in the 1995 Summary of Notifiable Diseases were based on data for the U.S. total-resident population. However, population data from states in which diseases were not notifiable or disease data were not available were excluded from rate calculations. Interpreting Data The data reported in this summary are useful for analyzing disease trends and determining relative disease burdens. However, these data must be interpreted in light of reporting practices. Some diseases that cause severe clinical illness (e.g., plague or rabies), if diagnosed by a clinician, are likely to be reported accurately. However, persons who have diseases that are clinically mild and infrequently associated with serious consequences (e.g., salmonellosis) may not even seek medical care from a health-care provider; even if these less severe diseases are diagnosed, they are less likely to be reported. The degree of completeness of reporting also is influenced by the diagnostic facilities that are available; the control measures that are in effect; the public awareness of a specific disease; and the interests, resources, and priorities of state and local officials responsible for disease control and public health surveillance. Finally, factors such as changes in the case definitions for public health surveillance, the introduction of new diagnostic tests, or the discovery of new disease entities may cause changes in disease reporting that are independent of the true incidence of disease. Public health surveillance data are published for selected racial and ethnic population groups because these variables may be risk markers for certain notifiable diseases. Risk markers can identify potential risk factors for investigation in future studies. Data regarding race and ethnicity also can be useful for identifying groups to target for prevention efforts. However, caution must also be used when drawing conclusions from reported data relating to race and ethnicity. Among certain races and ethnicities, there are likely to be differential patterns of access to health care, interest in seeking health care, and detection of disease that would lead to data that are not representative of disease incidence in these populations. In addition, not all data concerning race and ethnicity are collected uniformly for all diseases. For example, the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention and the Division of STD Prevention in NCHSTP collect information regarding race and ethnicity using a single variable instead of two separate variables. A person's racial and ethnic background is reported as either American Indian/Alaskan Native, Asian/Pacific Islander, Black non-Hispanic, White non-Hispanic, or Hispanic. Additionally, although the recommended standard for classifying a person's race or ethnicity is based on self-reporting, it is not clear that this procedure is always followed. Highlights for Selected Infectious Diseases Arboviral Encephalitis In 1995, a case of encephalitis caused by Cache Valley virus was reported in North Carolina. Although this mosquito-borne bunyavirus was previously known to cause subclinical infections in humans, no clinical cases had been recognized previously. Coccidioidomycosis In 1995, the CSTE recommended that coccidioidomycosis become a regionally reportable disease. Because the Emerging Infectious Program at the National Center for Infectious Diseases (NCID/CDC), in collaboration with the State of California Department of Health Services, has been conducting active surveillance for coccidioidomycosis in Kern County, California, for some time, its data are presented. The total number of coccidioidomycosis cases reported to the Kern County Health Department during 1995 was 770; this represents a drop in the number of cases when compared with the large number reported in the epidemic years during 1991- 1994 (e.g., during 1992, a peak of 3,342 cases occurred in Kern County alone). Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a subacute, degenerative disease of the brain that is classified as a transmissible, spongiform encephalopathy. More than 85% of CJD patients die within 1 year of onset. From 1979 through 1994, there were 3,642 CJD-related deaths in the United States (based on national data concerning multiple causes of death and a preliminary total of 280 deaths in 1994). The average annual age-adjusted death rate attributed to CJD is 0.95 deaths per million persons. As of September 15, 1996, evidence does not indicate that cases of the newly described variant of CJD (i.e., the type identified in the United Kingdom) have occurred in the United States. This evidence is based on the analysis of both national data and data from active, retrospective surveillance for CJD conducted since 1991 by special surveillance teams in five areas of the country (1993 population: 16.3 million persons). Cryptosporidiosis National reporting of cryptosporidiosis began in 1995. During 1995, it was reportable in 24 of 50 states; however, many other states have made or are in the process of making cryptosporidiosis a notifiable disease. Because the diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis is often not considered, and because most laboratories do not routinely test for Cryptosporidium infection, cryptosporidiosis will continue to be underdiagnosed and underreported. Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever In 1995, most tropical countries in the Americas reported major outbreaks of dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). During this period, the Pan American Health Organization received reports of over 250,000 total cases of dengue and DHF from member countries. This was the largest number reported since 1981, when the worst epidemic in the Americas occurred in Cuba. As a result of this widespread activity, the number of laboratory-positive cases of imported dengue in the United States increased to 86 in 1995 from 37 in 1994. During 1995, the Texas State Health Department reported eight laboratory-positive cases resulting from local transmission by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Dengue transmission in the continental United States had not been reported since 1986. Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is now recognized as a pan-American viral zoonosis caused by Sin Nombre virus and other New World hantaviruses. The identified rodent reservoirs for these viruses are as follows: Peromyscus maniculatus and P. leucopus (deer mouse and white-footed mouse, respectively) for Sin Nombre virus and its variants; Sigmodon hispidus (cotton rat) for Black Creek Canal virus; and Oryzomys palustris (rice rat) for Bayou virus. Cases of HPS have been found throughout the continental United States, in Canada, and in South America. As of August 22, 1996, national surveillance for HPS has identified 143 confirmed case-patients in 25 states (case-fatality rate: 50.2%); 23 of these cases occurred in 1995. Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome Infection caused by Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (i.e., STEC), especially serotype O157:H7, is the leading cause of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) in the United States. Although an estimated 1,200 HUS cases caused by infectious agents occur in the United States each year, the absence of longstanding surveillance data has limited the assessment of HUS as a public health problem. When surveyed in August 1994, only 15 states listed HUS as a notifiable disease. Recent efforts to improve surveillance include the creation of a unique International Classification of Diseases code for HUS; the adoption of a uniform, post-diarrheal case definition for HUS by the CSTE; and the recommendation by CSTE, in 1995, that HUS be made a notifiable disease in all states. Efforts are also underway to establish active surveillance for HUS in selected states. HIV Infection in Children and Infants In 1994, results of the AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 076 indicated that administering zidovudine to a selected group of pregnant, HIV-infected women, and subsequently to their newly born infants, reduced the risk for perinatal HIV transmission to these infants by two thirds. The U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) subsequently issued guidelines for the use of zidovudine to reduce perinatal transmission of HIV (MMWR 1994;43{No. RR-11}:1-20) and the routine counseling and voluntary HIV testing of all pregnant women (MMWR 1995;44{No. RR-7}:1-15). USPHS also issued revised guidelines on PCP prophylaxis for children (MMWR 1995;44 {No. RR-4}:1-11) that recommends each child born to an HIV-infected mother receive PCP prophylaxis until the child's HIV status is determined. States that conduct surveillance of pediatric HIV exposure/infection should be able to evaluate the implementation and impact of these guidelines most effectively and enhance early identification of HIV status in infants. In 1995, 28 states conducted surveillance of HIV infection in children. These states reported 332 HIV-infected children who had not progressed to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and 229 children who had AIDS. Penicillin-Nonsusceptible S. pneumoniae The prevalence of cases of penicillin-nonsusceptible S. pneumoniae * (PNSP) among invasive pneumococcal infections in selected metropolitan areas for 1995 is presented. In these areas, population-based active surveillance for all invasive pneumococcal infections is ongoing; in each of the regions, the denominator reflects greater than 100 cases of invasive pneumococcal disease. The prevalence of PNSP from hospital to hospital within each metropolitan area varied widely, suggesting that sentinel hospitals may not accurately reflect the prevalence of PNSP within a given city, let alone for the entire state. In addition, the prevalence of PNSP cases can increase rapidly (e.g., the prevalence of PNSP cases for Atlanta was 25% in 1994 and 33% in 1995). Prevalence of PNSP among invasive Active surveillance area pneumococcal infections -------------------------------------------------------------------- - State of Connecticut ** 10%-19% Baltimore, MD Minneapolis/St. Paul, MN ** San Francisco, CA Portland, OR ** 20%-29% San Antonio, TX Atlanta, GA >= 30% Urban counties, TN *** * S. pneumoniae isolates with penicillin minimum inhibitory concentration greater than or equal to 0.125 mg/mL. ** These figures are based on data from less than 1 year. *** Includes the metropolitan areas of Chattanooga, Knoxville, Memphis, and Nashville, Tennessee. International Notes Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever In 1995, an outbreak of Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) caused by the Zaire subtype of Ebola virus occurred in Kikwit, Zaire. A total of 316 cases of EHF were confirmed, resulting in 244 deaths (case-fatality rate: 77%). Case-patients ranged in age from 3 days to 71 years (median age: 35 years), and slightly more than half of the case-patients (i.e., 53%) were female. The earliest identified case occurred in January, and the epidemic peaked in May 1995. In December 1995, a single case of EHF occurred in Cote d'Ivoire and was caused by the recently recognized Ivory Coast subtype of Ebola virus. The natural reservoir of Ebola virus remains unknown. PART 1: Summaries of Notifiable Diseases in the United States EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS USED IN TABLES, GRAPHS, AND MAPS Data not available ............................................. NA Report of disease is not required in that jurisdiction (not notifiable) ............................................NN No reported cases ............................................... Table_A NOTIFIABLE DISEASES -- Summary of reported cases, by month, United States, 1995 Table_B1 NOTIFIABLE DISEASES Reported cases, by geographic division and area, United States, 1995 Table_B2 NOTIFIABLE DISEASES Reported cases, by geographic division and area, United States, 1995 (continued) Table_B3 NOTIFIABLE DISEASES Reported cases, by geographic division and area, United States, 1995 (continued) Table_B4 NOTIFIABLE DISEASES Reported cases, by geographic division and area, United States, 1995 (continued) Table_B5 NOTIFIABLE DISEASES Reported cases, by geographic division and area, United States, 1995 (continued) Table_B6 NOTIFIABLE DISEASES Reported cases, by geographic division and area, United States, 1995 (continued) Table_C NOTIFIABLE DISEASES -- Summary of reported cases, by age group, United States, 1995 Table_D NOTIFIABLE DISEASES -- Summary of reported cases, by sex, United States, 1995 Table_E NOTIFIABLE DISEASES -- Summary of reported cases, by race, United States, 1995 Table_F NOTIFIABLE DISEASES -- Summary of reported cases, by ethnicity, United States, 1995 PART 2: Graphs and Maps for Selected Notifiable Diseases in the United States EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS USED IN TABLES, GRAPHS, AND MAPS Data not available.............................................. NA Report of disease is not required in that jurisdiction (not notifiable) ........................................... NN No reported cases .............................................. Figure_1 ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME (AIDS) -- reported cases, by quarter, United States, 1984-1995 Figure_2 ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME (AIDS) -- reported cases, per 100,000 population, United States and Puerto Rico, 1995 Figure_3 ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME (AIDS) -- reported pediatric cases, United States and Puerto Rico, 1995 Figure_4 ARBOVIRAL INFECTIONS (of the central nervous system) -- reported laboratory-confirmed cases caused by California serogroup viruses, by month of onset, United States, 1986 1995 Figure_5 ARBOVIRAL INFECTIONS (of the central nervous system) -- reported laboratory-confirmed cases caused by eastern equine encephalitis virus, by month of onset, United States, 1986 1995 Figure_6 ARBOVIRAL INFECTIONS (of the central nervous system) -- reported laboratory-confirmed cases caused by St. Louis encephalitis virus, by month of onset, United States, 1986 1995 Figure_7 ARBOVIRAL INFECTIONS (of the central nervous system) -- reported laboratory-confirmed cases caused by western equine encephalitis virus, by month of onset, United States, 1986 1995 Figure_8 BOTULISM (foodborne) -- by year, United States, 1975 1995 Figure_9 BOTULISM (infant) -- by year, United States, 1975 1995 Figure_10 BRUCELLOSIS -- by year, United States, 1965 1995 Figure_11 CHLAMYDIA -- reported cases among women, per 100,000 population, United States, 1995 Figure_12 CHOLERA -- reported cases, United States and territories, 1995 Figure_13 DIPHTHERIA -- by year, United States, 1965 1995 Figure_14 ESCHERICHIA COLI O157:H7 -- reported cases, United States and territories, 1995 Figure_15 ESCHERICHIA COLI O157:H7 -- reported isolates, United States, 1995 Figure_16 GONORRHEA -- reported cases, per 100,000 population, United States, 1995 Figure_17 GONORRHEA -- by sex, United States, 1981 1995 Figure_18 GONORRHEA -- by race and ethnicity, United States, 1981 1995 Figure_19 HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE, INVASIVE -- by age group, United States, 1995 Figure_20 HANSEN DISEASE (LEPROSY) -- by year, United States, 1965 1995 Figure_21 HEPATITIS -- by year, United States, 1965 1995 Figure_22 HEPATITIS A -- reported cases, per 100,000 population, United States and territories, 1995 Figure_23 HEPATITIS B -- reported cases, per 100,000 population, United States and territories, 1995 Figure_24 LEGIONELLOSIS -- by year, United States, 1980 1995 Figure_25 LYME DISEASE -- reported cases, per 100,000 population, United States and territories, 1995 Figure_26 MALARIA -- by year, United States, 1965 1995 Figure_27 MEASLES (rubeola) -- by year, United States, 1960 1995 Figure_28 MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE -- by year, United States, 1965 1995 Figure_29 MUMPS -- by year, United States, 1968 1995 Figure_30 PERTUSSIS (whooping cough) -- by year, United States, 1965 1995 Figure_31 PERTUSSIS (whooping cough) -- by age group, United States, 1995 Figure_32 PLAGUE -- among humans, by year, United States, 1965 1995 Figure_33 POLIOMYELITIS (paralytic) -- by year, United States, 1965 1995 Figure_34 PSITTACOSIS -- by year, United States, 1965 1995 Figure_35 RABIES -- wild and domestic animals, by year, United States and Puerto Rico, 1965 1995 Figure_36 ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER (RMSF) -- by year, United States, 1965 1995 Figure_37 RUBELLA (German measles) -- by year, United States, 1966 1995 Figure_38 SALMONELLOSIS (excluding typhoid fever) -- by year, United States, 1965 1995 Figure_39 SALMONELLA -- serotype of isolate by year, United States, 1970 1995 Figure_40 SHIGELLOSIS -- by year, United States, 1965 1995 Figure_41 SHIGELLA -- species of isolate by year, United States, 1970 1995 Figure_42 SYPHILIS (primary and secondary) -- reported cases, per 100,000 population, United States, 1995 Figure_43 SYPHILIS (primary and secondary) -- by sex, United States, 1981 1995 Figure_44 SYPHILIS (primary and secondary) -- by race, United States, 1981 1995 Figure_45 CONGENITAL SYPHILIS -- in infants <1 year of age, United States, 1965 1995 Figure_46 TETANUS -- by year, United States, 1965 1995 Figure_47 TOXIC-SHOCK SYNDROME (TSS) -- by quarter, United States, 1980 1995 Figure_48 TRICHINOSIS -- by year, United States, 1965 1995 Figure_49 TUBERCULOSIS -- reported cases, per 100,000 population, United States and territories, 1995 Figure_50 TUBERCULOSIS -- by year, United States, 1975 1995 Figure_51 TUBERCULOSIS -- by year, among persons born in the United States and foreign-born persons, United States, 1986 1995 Figure_52 TYPHOID FEVER -- by year, United States, 1965 1995 Figure_53 VARICELLA (chickenpox) -- by month, United States, 1987 1995 PART 3: Historical Summary Tables Table_1 TABLE 1. NOTIFIABLE DISEASES -- summary of reported cases, per 100,000 population, United States, 1986-1995 Table_2 TABLE 2. NOTIFIABLE DISEASES -- summary of reported cases, United States, 1988-1995 Table_3 TABLE 3. NOTIFIABLE DISEASES -- summary of reported cases, United States, 1980-1987 Table_4 TABLE 4. NOTIFIABLE DISEASES -- summary of reported cases, United States, 1972-1979 Table_5 TABLE 5. NOTIFIABLE DISEASES -- summary of reported cases, United States, 1966-1971 Table_6 TABLE 6. NOTIFIABLE DISEASES -- deaths from selected diseases, United States, 1984-1993. (Numbers in ICD column refer to the category numbers listed in the Ninth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases, 1994.) Bibliography General Benenson AS. Control of communicable diseases in man. 16th ed. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association, 1995. CDC. Mandatory reporting of infectious diseases by clinicians, and mandatory reporting of occupational diseases by clinicians. MMWR 1990;39(No. RR-9). CDC. 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Philadelphia: JB Lippincott Co., 1994:1185-94. Woodruff BA, Griffin PM, McCroskey LM, et al. Clinical and laboratory comparison of botulism from toxin types A, B, and E in the United States 1975-1988. J Infect Dis 1992;166:1281-6. Brucellosis Chomel BB, DeBess EE, Mangiamele DM, et al. Changing trends in the epidemiology of human brucellosis in California from 1973 to 1992: a shift toward foodborne transmission. J Infect Dis 1994;170:1216-23. Kaufmann AF, Fox MD, Boyce JM, et al. Airborne spread of brucellosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1980;353:105-14. Staskiewicz J, Lewis CM, Colville J, Zervos M, Band J. Outbreak of Brucella melitensis among microbiology laboratory workers in a community hospital. J Clin Microbiol 1991;29:287-90. Chancroid CDC. Chancroid in the United States, 1981-1990: evidence for underreporting of cases. MMWR 1992;41(No. SS-3):57-61. CDC. Chancroid detected by polymerase chain reaction -- Jackson, Mississippi, 1994-1995. MMWR 1995; 44:567,573-4. DiCarlo RP, Armentor BS, Martin DH. Chancroid epidemiology in New Orleans men. J Infect Dis 1995;172:446-52. Chlamydia trachomatis infection CDC. Recommendations for the prevention and management of Chlamydia trachomatis infections, 1993. MMWR 1993; 42(No. RR-12). Hillis SD, Nakashima A, Marchbanks PA, Addiss DG, Davis JP. Risk factors for recurrent Chlamydia trachomatis infections in women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994;170:801-6. Hillis SD, Nakashima A, Amsterdam L, et al. The impact of a comprehensive chlamydia prevention program in Wisconsin. Family Planning Perspectives 1995;27:108-11. Cholera Blake PA. Epidemiology of cholera in the Americas. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1993;22:639-60. Boyce TG, Mintz ED, Greene KD, et al. Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal infections among tourists to southeast Asia: an intercontinental foodborne outbreak. J Infect Dis 1995;172:1401-4. Wachsmuth IK, Blake PA, Olsvik O, eds. Vibrio cholerae and cholera: molecular to global perspectives. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, 1994. World Health Organization. Guidelines for cholera control. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1993. Congenital Syphilis CDC. Guidelines for the prevention and control of congenital syphilis. MMWR 1988; 37(No. S-1):1-13. CDC. Surveillance for geographic and secular trends in congenital syphilis -- United States, 1983-1991. MMWR 1993; 42(No. SS-6):59-71. CDC. Evaluation of congenital syphilis surveillance system -- New Jersey, 1993. MMWR 1995; 44:225-7. Thompson BL, Matuszak D, Dwyer DM, Nakashima A, Pearce H, Israel E. Congenital syphilis in Maryland, 1989-1991: the effect of changing the case definition and opportunities for prevention. Sex Transm Dis 1995; 22:364-9. Cryptosporidiosis CDC. Assessing the public health threat associated with waterborne cryptosporidiosis: report of a workshop. MMWR 1995;44(No. RR-6). CDC. Surveillance for waterborne-disease outbreaks -- United States, 1993-1994. MMWR 1996;45(No. SS-1). Juranek DD. Cryptosporidiosis: sources of infection and guidelines for prevention. Clin Infect Dis 1995;21(suppl 1):S57-61. Diphtheria CDC. Diphtheria acquired by U.S. citizens in the Russian Federation and Ukraine -- 1994. MMWR 1995;44:237,243-4. Chen RT, Broome CV, Weinstein RA, Weaver R, Tsai TF. Diphtheria in the United States, 1971-1981. Am J Public Health 1985;75:1393-7. Hardy IRB, Dittmann S, Sutter RW. Resurgence of diphtheria in the New Independent States of the former Soviet Union: current situation and control strategies. Lancet 1996; (in press). Escherichia coli O157:H7, Hemolytic-uremic syndrome Bell BP, Goldoft M, Griffin PM, et al. A multistate outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7-associated bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome from hamburgers: the Washington experience. JAMA 1994;272:1449-53. Boyce TG, Pemberton AG, Wells JG, Griffin PM. Screening for Escherichia coli O157:H7 -- a national survey of clinical laboratories. J Clin Microbiol 1995;33:3275-7. Boyce TG, Swerdlow DL, Griffin PM. Escherichia coli O157:H7 and the hemolytic-uremic syndrome. N Engl J Med 1995;333:364-8. Griffin PM, Tauxe RV. The epidemiology of infections caused by Escherichia coli O157:H7, other enterohemorrhagic E.coli, and the associated hemolytic uremic syndrome. Epidemiol Rev 1991;13:60-98. Martin DL, MacDonald KL, White KE, Soler JT, Osterholm MT. The epidemiology and clinical aspects of the hemolytic uremic syndrome in Minnesota. N Engl J Med 1990;323:1161-7. Gonorrhea CDC. Surveillance for gonorrhea and primary and secondary syphilis among adolescents -- United States, 1981-1991. MMWR 1993;42(No. SS-3):1-11. CDC. Sentinel surveillance for antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae -- United States, 1988-1991. MMWR 1993;42(No. SS-3):29-39. CDC. Increasing incidence of gonorrhea--Minnesota, 1994. MMWR 1995;44: 282-6. CDC. Fluoroquinolone resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae -- Colorado and Washington, 1995. MMWR 1995;44:761-4. Haemophilus influenzae, invasive Adams WG, Deaver KA, Cochi SL, et al. Decline of childhood Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease in the Hib vaccine era. JAMA 1993;269: 221-6. CDC. Recommendations for use of Haemophilus b conjugate vaccines and a combined diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, and Haemophilus b vaccine: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR 1993;42(No. RR-13). CDC. Progress toward elimination of Haemophilus influenzae type b disease among infants and children -- United States, 1993-1994. MMWR 1995;44: 545-50. Hansen disease (Leprosy) Mastro TD, Redd SC, Breiman RF. Imported leprosy in the United States, 1978 through 1988; an epidemic without secondary transmission. Am J Public Health 1992 Aug;82:1127-30. Noordeen SK. Epidemiology and control of leprosy -- a review of progress over the last 30 years. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1993;87:515-7. Smith PG. Recent trends in the epidemiology of tuberculosis and leprosy. Trop Geogr Med 1991 Jul;43:S22-9. Hepatitis Alter MJ, Mares A, Hadler SC, Maynard JE. The effect of underreporting on the apparent incidence and epidemiology of acute viral hepatitis. Am J Epidemiol 1987;125:133-9. CDC. Hepatitis surveillance report no. 56. Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, 1996. Hepatitis A Lemon SM, Shapiro CN. The value of immunization against hepatitis A. Infect Agents and Dis 1994;1:38-49. Shapiro CN, Coleman PJ, McQuillan GM, et al. Epidemiology of hepatitis A: seroepidemiology and risk groups in the U.S.A. Vaccine 1992;10(suppl 1):S59-62. Hepatitis B Margolis HS, Alter MJ, Hadler SC. Hepatitis B: evolving epidemiology and implications for control. Semin Liver Dis 1991;11:84-92. Hepatitis, C/Non-A, non-B Alter MJ, Hadler SC, Judson FN, et al. Risk factors for acute non-A, non-B hepatitis in the United States and association with hepatitis C virus infection. JAMA 1990;264:2231-5. Alter MJ, Margolis HS, Krawczynski K, et al. The natural history of community-acquired hepatitis C in the United States. N Engl J Med 1992; 327:1899-905. Legionellosis Jernigan DB, Hofmann J, Cetron MS, et al. Outbreak of Legionnaires' disease among cruise ship passengers exposed to a contaminated whirlpool spa. Lancet 1996;347:494-9. Keller DW, Hajjeh R, DeMaria A Jr, et al. Community outbreak of Legionnaires' disease: an investigation confirming the potential for cooling towers to transmit Legionella species. Clin Infect Dis 1996;22: 257-61. Marston BJ, Lipman HB, Breiman RF. Surveillance for Legionnaires' disease: risk factors for morbidity and mortality. Arch Intern Med 1994; 154: 2417-22. Miller LA, Beebe JL, Butler JC, et al. Use of polymerase chain reaction in an epidemiologic investigation of Pontiac fever. J Infect Dis 1993;168: 769-72. Lyme disease CDC. Lyme disease -- United States, 1994. MMWR 1995;44:459-62. CDC. Recommendations for test performance and interpretation from the Second National Conference on Serologic Diagnosis of Lyme Disease. MMWR 1995;44:590-1. Dennis DT. Lyme Disease. Dermatol Clin 1995;13:537-51. Kalish R. Lyme disease. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 1993;19:399-426. Steere AC. Lyme disease. N Engl J Med 1989;321:586-96. Malaria CDC. Local transmission of Plasmodium vivax malaria -- Houston, Texas, 1994, MMWR 1994;44:295. Lobel HO, Miani M, Eng T, Bernard KW, Hightower AW, Campbell CC. Long-term malaria prophylaxis with weekly mefloquine. Lancet 1993;341:848-51. Zucker JR, Campbell CC. Malaria: principles of prevention and treatment. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1993;7:547-67. Measles CDC. Measles Prevention: recommendations of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee. MMWR 1989;38(No. SS-9). CDC. Measles -- United States, 1994. MMWR 1995;44:486-487, 493-494. CDC. Measles -- United States, 1995. MMWR 1996;45:305-307. Meningococcal disease CDC. Laboratory-based surveillance for meningococcal disease in selected areas -- United States, 1989-1991. MMWR 1993;42(No. SS-2):21-30. CDC. Serogroup B meningococcal disease -- Oregon, 1994. MMWR 1995;44:121-4. Jackson LA, Schuchat A, Reeves MW, Wenger JD. Serogroup C meningococcal outbreaks in the United States: an emerging threat. JAMA 1995;273: 383-9. Riedo FX, Plikaytis BD, Broome CV. Epidemiology and prevention of meningococcal disease. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1995;14:643-57. Mumps Briss PA, Fehrs LJ, Parker RA, et al. Sustained transmission of mumps in a highly vaccinated population: assessment of primary vaccine failure and waning vaccine-induced immunity. J Infect Dis 1994;169:77-82. CDC. Mumps prevention. MMWR 1989;38:388-92,397-400. CDC. Mumps Surveillance -- United States, 1988-1993. MMWR 1995;44(No. SS-3):1-14. Hersch BS, Fine PEM, Kent WK, et al. Mumps outbreak in a highly vaccinated population. J Pediatr 1991;119:187-93. Pertussis CDC. Pertussis -- United States, January 1992-June 1995. MMWR 1995;44: 525-9. Izurieta HS, Kenyon TA, Strebel PM, Baughman AL, Shulman ST, Wharton M. Risk factors for pertussis in young infants during an outbreak in Chicago in 1993. Clin Infect Dis 1996;22:503-7. Wortis N, Strebel PM, Wharton M, Bardenheier B, Hardy IRB. Pertussis deaths: report of 23 cases in the United States, 1992 and 1993. Pediatrics 1996;97:607-12. Plague Craven, RB, Barnes AM. Plague and tularemia. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 199l;5:165-75. Poland JD, Quan TJ, Barnes AM. Plague. In: Beran GW, ed. CRC handbook of zoonoses. 2nd ed. Section A: bacterial, rickettsial, chlamydial, and mycotic. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, Florida. 1994:93-112. Poliomyelitis CDC. Lack of evidence for wild poliovirus circulation -- United States, 1993. MMWR 1993;43:957-9. CDC. Progress toward global poliomyelitis eradication, 1985-1994. MMWR 1995;44:273-5, 281. Prevots DR, Sutter RW, Strebel PM, Weibel RE, Cochi SL. Completeness of reporting for paralytic poliomyelitis, United States, 1980 through 1991. Arch Pediatr Adoles Med 1994;148:479-85. Strebel PM, Sutter RW, Cochi SL, et al. Epidemiology of poliomyelitis in the United States: one decade after the last reported case of indigenous wild virus-associated disease. Clin Infect Dis 1992;14: 568-79. Psittacosis CDC. Human psittacosis linked to a bird distributor in Mississippi -- Massachusetts and Tennessee, 1992. MMWR 1992;41:794-7. Hedberg K, White KE, Forfang JC, et al. An outbreak of psittacosis in Minnesota turkey industry workers: implications for modes of transmission and control. Am J Epidemiol 1989; 130:569-77. National Association of State Public Health Veterinarians. Compendium of chlamydiosis (psittacosis) control, 1995. JAVMA 1995;206:1874-9. Wong KH, Skelton SK, Daugharty H. Utility of complement fixation and microimmunofluorescence assays for detecting serologic responses in patients with clinically diagnosed psittacosis. J Clin Microbiol 1994; 32:2417-21. Rabies CDC. Rabies prevention -- United States. 1991: recommendations of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee (ACIP). MMWR 1991;40 (No. RR-3). CDC. Compendium of animal rabies control, 1995. MMWR 1995;44(No. RR-2). Krebs JW, Strine TW, Smith JS, Rupprecht CE, Childs JE. Rabies surveillance in the United States during 1994. JAVMA 1995;207:1562-75. Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) Dalton MJ, Clarke MJ, Holman RC, et al. National surveillance for Rocky Mountain spotted fever, 1981-1992, epidemiologic summary and evaluation of risk factors for fatal outcome. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1995;52(5):405-13. McDade JE, Fishbein DB. Rickettsiaceae: the rickettsiae. In: Laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases: principles and practice. Vol II. Viral, rickettsial, and chlamydial diseases. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1988:864-89. Rubella CDC. Rubella prevention: recommendations of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee (ACIP). MMWR 1990;39(No. RR-15). CDC. Outbreaks of rubella among the Amish -- United States, 1991. MMWR 1991;40:264. CDC. Rubella and congenital rubella syndrome -- United States, January 1, 1991-May 7, 1994. MMWR 1994;43:391,397-401. Lindegren ML, Fehrs LJ, Hadler SC, Hinman AR. Update: rubella and congenital rubella syndrome, 1980-1990. Epidemiol Rev 1991;13:341-8. Salmonellosis CDC. Reptile-associated Salmonellosis -- selected states, 1994-1995. MMWR 1995;44:347-50. Hennessy TW, Hedberg CW, Slutsker L, et al. A national outbreak of Salmonella Enteritidis infections from ice cream. N Engl J Med 1996; 334:1281-6. Lee LA, Puhr ND, Maloney EK, Bean NH, Tauxe RV. Increase in antimicrobial- resistant Salmonella infections in the United States, 1989-1990. J Infect Dis 1994;170:128-34. Mishu B, Koehler J, Lee LA, et al. Outbreaks of Salmonella enteritidis infections in the United States, 1985-1991. J Infect Dis 1994;169: 547-52. Tauxe RV. Salmonella: a postmodern pathogen. Journal of Food Protection 1991;54:563-8. Shigellosis Lee LA, Shapiro CN, Hargrett-Bean N, Tauxe RV. Hyperendemic shigellosis in the United States: a review of surveillance data for 1967-1988. J Infect Dis 1991;164:894-900. Mohle-Boetani JC, Stapleton M, Finger R, et al. Communitywide shigellosis: control of an outbreak and risk factors in child day-care centers. Am J Public Health 1995;85:812-16. Parsonnet J, Greene KD, Gerber AR, et al. Shigella dysenteriae type 1 infections in U.S. travelers to Mexico. Lancet 1989:543-5. Ries AA, Wells JG, Olivola D, et al. Epidemic Shigella dysenteriae type 1 in Burundi: panresistance and implications for prevention. J Infect Dis 1994;169:1035-41. Syphilis CDC. Outbreak of primary and secondary syphilis -- Baltimore City, Maryland, 1995. MMWR 1996;45:166-9. Nakashima AK, Rolfs RT, Flock ML, Kilmarx P, Greenspan JR. Epidemiology of syphilis in the United States, 1941-1993. Sex Transm Dis 1996;23:16-23. St.Louis ME, Farley TA, Aral SO. Untangling the persistence of syphilis in the south. Sex Transm Dis 1996;23:1-4. Thomas JC, Kulik AL, Schoenbach VJ. Syphilis in the South: rural rates surpass urban rates in North Carolina. Am J Public Health 1995;85: 1119-22. Tetanus Gergen PJ, McQuillan GM, Kiely M, et al. A population-based survey of immunity to tetanus in the United States. N Engl J Med 1995;332:761-6. Prevots R, Sutter RW, Strebel PM, Cochi SL, Hadler S. Tetanus surveillance -- United States, 1989-1990. MMWR 1992;41(No. SS-8):1-9. Sutter RW, Cochi SL, Brink EW, Sirotkin BI. Assessment of vital statistics and surveillance data for monitoring tetanus mortality, United States, 1979-1984. Am J Epidemiol 1990;131:132-42. Toxic-shock syndrome CDC. Reduced incidence of menstrual toxic shock syndrome -- United States, 1980-1990. MMWR 1990;39:421-3. Gaventa S, Reingold AL, Hightower AW, et al. Active surveillance for toxic shock syndrome in the United States, 1986. Rev Infect Dis 1989;(suppl): S28-34. Schuchat A, Broome CV. Toxic shock syndrome and tampons. Epidemiol Rev 1991;13:99-112. Trichinosis Bailey TM, Schantz PM. Trends in the incidence and transmission patterns of human trichinosis in the United States, 1982-1986. Rev Infect Dis 1990; 12:5-11. CDC. Trichinosis surveillance -- United States, 1987-1990. MMWR 1991;40 (No. SS-3):35-42. McAuley JB, Michelson MK, Hightower AW, Engeran S, Wintermeyer LA, Schantz PM. A trichinosis outbreak among Southeast Asian refugees. Am J Epidemiol 1992;135:1404-10. Tuberculosis American Thoracic Society/CDC. Treatment of tuberculosis and tuberculosis infection in adults and children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994;149: 1359-74. CDC. Recommendations for counting reported tuberculosis cases. Atlanta: Us Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, 1977. Typhoid fever CDC. Typhoid immunization: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. MMWR 1994;43(No. RR-14). Ryan CA, Hargrett-Bean NT, Blake PA. Salmonella typhi infections in the United States, 1975-1984: increasing role of foreign travel. Rev Infect Dis 1989;11:1-8. Woodruff BA, Pavia AT, Blake PA. A new look at typhoid vaccination: information for the practicing physician. JAMA 1991;265:756-9. Varicella CDC. Varicella outbreak in a women's prison -- Kentucky. MMWR 1989;38: 635-6,641-2. CDC. Prevention of varicella: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR 1996;45(No. RR-11). Gershon AA, LaRussa P, Hardy I, Steinberg S, Silverstein S. Varicella vaccine: the American experience. J Infect Dis 1992;166(suppl 1):S63-8. Lieu TA, Cochi SL, Black SB, et al. Cost-effectiveness of a routine varicella vaccination program for U.S. children. JAMA
1994;271:375-81. NOTIFIABLE DISEASES -- Summary of reported cases, by month, United States, 1995 ================================================================================================================================================================================= NAME Total Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Unk. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- AIDS * 71,547 5,499 5,551 8,455 4,741 5,418 5,765 6,797 5,104 7,291 5,160 6,002 5,764 - Botulism, total 97 2 3 6 7 6 3 9 10 17 9 7 18 - Brucellosis 98 3 3 1 10 9 15 6 8 7 6 2 28 - Chancroid + 606 ..............142......... .............145......... ............184........ ............135......... - Chlamydia +& 477,638 ..........120,549......... .........118,618......... ........116,793........ ........121,768......... - Cholera 23 2 - - 2 5 3 5 - 2 1 2 1 - Escherichia coli O157:H7 2,139 50 69 62 65 73 138 263 289 381 256 215 278 - Gonorrhea + 392,848 ..........102,600......... ..........93,238......... ........100,910........ .........96,100......... - Haemophilus influenzae, invasive 1,180 105 103 106 127 94 68 111 66 79 80 73 168 - Hansen disease (leprosy) 144 9 7 10 17 19 15 15 8 12 8 3 21 - Hepatitis A 31,582 1,449 2,100 2,245 2,690 2,129 2,246 3,047 2,568 3,414 2,891 2,498 4,305 - Hepatitis B 10,805 466 707 837 1,046 864 799 1,012 763 884 829 744 1,854 - Hepatitis, C/non-A non-B 4,576 144 440 314 448 263 290 360 317 357 392 292 959 - Legionellosis 1,241 67 70 93 133 104 76 148 84 111 90 59 206 - Lyme disease 11,700 207 424 435 394 492 742 2,385 1,878 1,421 1,041 868 1,413 - Malaria 1,419 52 95 74 80 95 97 164 121 187 155 84 215 - Measles (rubeola) 309 22 26 108 29 17 30 16 14 9 11 10 17 - Meningococcal disease 3,243 225 278 339 357 314 219 253 149 157 223 161 568 - Mumps 906 51 52 85 86 124 81 59 36 63 70 69 130 - Pertussis (whooping cough) 5,137 195 216 212 275 200 220 538 534 795 458 430 1,064 - Plague 9 - - - 2 - 2 1 - 2 2 - - - Poliomyelitis, paralytic @ 2 - 2 - - - - - - - - - - - Psittacosis 64 4 2 5 7 6 9 4 4 1 6 7 9 - Rabies, animal 7,811 436 417 716 754 572 614 1,090 574 720 695 451 772 - Rabies, human 5 - - 1 - - - - - 1 1 - 2 - Rocky Mountain spotted fever 590 8 10 7 14 30 56 103 103 110 57 26 66 - Rubella (German measles) 128 9 4 3 9 10 17 35 17 2 3 7 12 - Rubella, congenital syndrome 6 2 1 - 1 - 1 - - - - - 1 - Salmonellosis 45,970 1,716 2,142 1,947 2,584 2,757 3,242 5,146 4,675 6,282 5,408 3,976 6,095 - Shigellosis 32,080 1,335 2,015 1,833 2,112 2,022 2,093 3,115 2,773 3,918 3,676 2,504 4,684 - Syphilis, total all stages + 68,953 ...........17,396......... ..........18,065......... .........18,150........ .........15,342......... - Primary and secondary + 16,500 ............4,332......... ...........4,030......... ..........4,325........ ..........3,813......... - Congenital <1 year ** 1,548 192 176 178 150 120 148 124 102 104 109 78 67 - Tetanus 41 1 1 3 3 1 2 3 4 4 3 6 10 - Toxic-shock syndrome 191 9 21 17 19 15 9 18 9 18 13 10 33 - Trichinosis 29 - 2 6 8 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 - Tuberculosis ++ 22,860 632 1,343 1,827 1,871 1,957 2,065 1,936 2,036 1,909 1,886 1,559 3,839 - Typhoid fever 369 16 27 32 33 35 21 31 20 53 32 33 36 - Varicella (chickenpox) && 120,624 12,488 15,502 17,503 19,957 16,712 11,242 7,195 907 1,923 2,447 4,300 10,448 - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * The total number of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases includes all cases reported to the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHSTP) through December 31, 1995. + Cases were updated through the Division of Sexually Transmitted Diseases Prevention, NCHSTP, as of March 1, 1996. & Chlamydia refers to genital infections caused by C. trachomatis. @ Seven additional suspected cases of paralytic poliomyelitis were reported in 1995. Confirmation of these cases is pending review by an external panel. ** For congenital syphilis only, cases were updated through the Division of Sexually Transmitted Diseases Prevention, NCHSTP, as of August 26, 1996. ++ Cases were updated through the Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, NCHSTP, as of May 29, 1996. && Not nationally notifiable. ================================================================================================================================================================================= Return to top. Table_B1 Note: To print large tables and graphs users may have to change their printer settings to landscape and use a small font size.
NOTIFIABLE DISEASES -- Reported cases, by geographic division and area,
United States, 1995
===============================================================================================================================
Total resident Botulism
population -------------------
Area (in thousands) AIDS * Foodborne Infant Brucellosis Chancroid +
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
United States 262,755 71,547 24 54 98 606
New England 13,312 3,608 1 - 1 7
Maine 1,241 130 - - - -
N.H. 1,148 112 - - - -
Vt. 585 44 - - - -
Mass. 6,074 1,447 1 - - 7
R.I. 990 223 - - - -
Conn. 3,275 1,652 - - 1 -
Mid. Atlantic 38,153 19,185 - 16 2 340
N.Y. (excl. NYC) 10,824 2,364 - 1 - 2
N.Y.C. 7,312 10,035 - - 1 334
N.J. 7,945 4,409 - 7 - 4
Pa. 12,072 2,377 - 8 1 -
E.N. Central 43,456 5,410 - 5 12 29
Ohio 11,151 1,110 - 2 - 5
Ind. 5,803 529 - - - -
Ill. 11,830 2,220 - - 8 21
Mich. 9,549 1,201 - 1 3 -
Wis. 5,123 350 - 2 1 3
W.N. Central 18,348 1,734 1 - 4 2
Minn. 4,610 369 - - 2 -
Iowa 2,842 116 - - 2 -
Mo. 5,324 791 - - - -
N. Dak. 641 5 - - - -
S. Dak. 729 19 - - - -
Nebr. 1,637 114 - - - -
Kans. 2,565 320 1 - - 2
S. Atlantic 46,995 17,983 1 4 9 47
Del. 717 316 - 1 - -
Md. 5,042 2,575 - 1 2 -
D.C. 554 1,029 - - - -
Va. 6,618 1,610 1 2 - 2
W. Va. 1,828 127 - - - 1
N.C. 7,195 1,000 - - 3 18
S.C. 3,673 976 - - 1 -
Ga. 7,201 2,291 - - 1 2
Fla. 14,166 8,059 - - 2 24
E.S. Central 16,066 2,279 - 1 3 9
Ky. 3,860 298 - 1 - -
Tenn. 5,256 897 - - - 2
Ala. 4,253 642 - - - 7
Miss. 2,697 442 - - 3 -
W.S. Central 28,828 6,136 - 1 24 156
Ark. 2,484 277 - - 4 1
La. 4,342 1,087 - 1 - 129
Okla. 3,278 295 - - 1 -
Tex. 18,724 4,477 - - 19 26
Mountain 15,645 2,263 7 2 13 4
Mont. 870 25 - - 1 -
Idaho 1,163 49 4 - - -
Wyo. 480 17 - - 2 -
Colo. 3,747 673 1 - 1 -
N. Mex. 1,685 164 - - 4 -
Ariz. 4,218 678 2 - 5 2
Utah 1,951 164 - 2 - -
Nev. 1,530 493 - - - 2
Pacific 41,951 12,813 14 25 30 12
Wash. 5,431 892 6 - - 5
Oreg. 3,141 459 - - 1 -
Calif. 31,589 11,134 3 23 29 7
Alaska 604 69 5 - - -
Hawaii 1,187 259 - 2 - -
Guam 133 - - - - -
P.R. 3,522 2,594 - - - 1
V.I. 102 39 - - - 2
C.N.M.I. 43 - - - - NA
American Samoa 47 - NA NA NA NA
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* The total number of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases includes all cases NA: Not Available
reported to the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention -: No reported cases
(NCHSTP) through December 31, 1995. This total includes 136 cases in persons
whose state of residence is unknown.
+ Cases were updated through the Division of Sexually Transmitted Diseases Prevention, NCHSTP, as of March 1, 1996.
===============================================================================================================================
Return to top. Table_C Note: To print large tables and graphs users may have to change their printer settings to landscape and use a small font size.
NOTIFIABLE DISEASES -- Summary of reported cases, by age group, *
United States, 1995
===========================================================================================================================================================================================
Age
not
NAME Total <5 (Rate) 5-14 (Rate) 15-24 (Rate) 25-44 (Rate) 45-64 (Rate) 65+ (Rate) stated
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
AIDS + 71,547 555 ( 2.82) 264 ( 0.71) 2,666 ( 7.51) 53,460 ( 65.29) 13,764 (27.78) 838 ( 2.56) -
Botulism, total 97 56 ( 0.28) 4 ( 0.01) 2 ( 0.01) 20 ( 0.02) 12 ( 0.02) 1 ( 0.00) 2
Brucellosis 98 4 ( 0.02) 11 ( 0.03) 17 ( 0.05) 44 ( 0.05) 13 ( 0.03) 9 ( 0.03) -
Cholera 23 3 ( 0.02) - ( - ) 1 ( 0.00) 4 ( 0.00) 11 ( 0.02) 3 ( 0.01) 1
Escherichia coli O157:H7 2,139 444 ( 2.73) 503 ( 1.66) 264 ( 0.91) 314 ( 0.47) 290 ( 0.72) 266 ( 1.00) 58
Gonorrhea& 395,493 - ( - ) 8,076 (21.80) 228,698 (645.01) 132,988 (162.41) 11,046 (22.29) 3,457 (10.54) 9,271
Haemophilus influenzae, invasive 1,180 290 ( 1.47) 66 ( 0.18) 41 ( 0.12) 135 ( 0.16) 203 ( 0.41) 427 ( 1.30) 18
Hansen disease (leprosy) 144 - ( - ) 4 ( 0.01) 19 ( 0.05) 40 ( 0.05) 36 ( 0.07) 25 ( 0.08) 20
Hepatitis A 31,582 2,053 (10.42) 6,666 (17.99) 6,382 ( 18.00) 12,160 ( 14.85) 2,801 ( 5.65) 1,042 ( 3.18) 478
Hepatitis B 10,805 81 ( 0.42) 212 ( 0.58) 2,060 ( 5.88) 6,018 ( 7.42) 1,707 ( 3.48) 441 ( 1.36) 286
Hepatitis, C/non-A non-B 4,576 50 ( 0.26) 32 ( 0.09) 264 ( 0.75) 2,973 ( 3.66) 920 ( 1.88) 251 ( 0.77) 86
Legionellosis 1,241 4 ( 0.02) 10 ( 0.03) 30 ( 0.09) 255 ( 0.32) 397 ( 0.81) 518 ( 1.60) 27
Lyme disease 11,700 699 ( 3.55) 1,997 ( 5.39) 994 ( 2.80) 3,213 ( 3.92) 3,043 ( 6.14) 1,608 ( 4.90) 146
Malaria 1,419 88 ( 0.45) 145 ( 0.39) 247 ( 0.70) 596 ( 0.73) 224 ( 0.45) 58 ( 0.18) 61
Measles (rubeola) 309 107 ( 0.54) 48 ( 0.13) 45 ( 0.13) 74 ( 0.09) 16 ( 0.03) - ( - ) 19
Meningococcal disease 3,243 1,093 ( 5.55) 518 ( 1.40) 606 ( 1.71) 347 ( 0.42) 299 ( 0.60) 346 ( 1.06) 34
Mumps 906 165 ( 0.85) 418 ( 1.15) 117 ( 0.34) 138 ( 0.17) 41 ( 0.08) 6 ( 0.02) 21
Pertussis (whooping cough) 5,137 2,733 (13.87) 1,246 ( 3.36) 405 ( 1.14) 516 ( 0.63) 160 ( 0.32) 41 ( 0.13) 36
Plague 9 - ( - ) 1 ( 0.00) 1 ( 0.00) 4 ( 0.00) 2 ( 0.00) 1 ( 0.00) -
Poliomyelitis, paralytic @ 2 2 ( 0.01) - ( - ) - ( - ) - ( - ) - ( - ) - ( - ) -
Psittacosis 64 2 ( 0.01) 1 ( 0.00) 8 ( 0.02) 27 ( 0.03) 20 ( 0.04) 3 ( 0.01) 3
Rabies, human 5 1 ( 0.01) 1 ( 0.00) - ( - ) 2 ( 0.00) - ( - ) 1 ( 0.00) -
Rocky Mountain spotted fever 590 47 ( 0.24) 112 ( 0.30) 60 ( 0.17) 206 ( 0.25) 109 ( 0.22) 49 ( 0.15) 7
Rubella (German measles) 128 9 ( 0.05) 10 ( 0.03) 26 ( 0.07) 66 ( 0.08) 14 ( 0.03) 1 ( 0.00) 2
Salmonellosis 45,970 12,177 (61.80) 4,477 (12.08) 4,002 ( 11.29) 9,145 ( 11.17) 4,701 ( 9.49) 3,978 (12.13) 7,490
Shigellosis 32,080 9,130 (46.33) 7,428 (20.05) 2,369 ( 6.68) 5,074 ( 6.20) 1,364 ( 2.75) 639 ( 1.95) 6,076
Syphilis, primary and secondary & 16,501 - ( - ) 114 ( 0.31) 4,860 ( 13.71) 9,647 ( 11.78) 1,655 ( 3.34) 187 ( 0.57) 11
Tetanus 41 2 ( 0.01) 1 ( 0.00) 2 ( 0.01) 20 ( 0.02) 6 ( 0.01) 10 ( 0.03) -
Toxic-shock syndrome 191 8 ( 0.04) 33 ( 0.09) 39 ( 0.11) 74 ( 0.09) 23 ( 0.05) 7 ( 0.02) 7
Trichinosis 29 1 ( 0.01) - ( - ) 2 ( 0.01) 14 ( 0.02) 8 ( 0.02) 3 ( 0.01) 1
Tuberculosis ** 22,860 783 ( 3.97) 645 ( 1.74) 1,703 ( 4.80) 8,241 ( 10.06) 5,998 (12.10) 5,337 (16.28) 153
Typhoid fever 369 43 ( 0.22) 78 ( 0.21) 84 ( 0.24) 132 ( 0.16) 19 ( 0.04) 12 ( 0.04) 1
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* July 1, 1993, post-censal population estimates were used to calculate incidence rates per 100,000 population.
+ The total number of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases includes all cases reported to the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB
Prevention (NCHSTP) through December 31, 1995.
& Age-related data are collected on aggregate forms different from those used for the number of reported cases. Therefore, the total cases reported on this table may differ slightly
from other tables. Cases among persons ages <5 years are not shown because some of these may not be caused by sexual transmission; these cases are, however, included in
the totals. Cases were updated through the Division of Sexually Transmitted Diseases Prevention, NCHSTP, as of March 1, 1996. Age data for 1995 are unavailable for chancroid
and chlamydia.
@ Seven additional suspected cases of paralytic poliomyelitis were reported in 1995. Confirmation of these cases is pending review by an external panel.
** Casese were updated through the Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, NCHSTP, as of May 29, 1996.
===========================================================================================================================================================================================
Return to top. Table_D Note: To print large tables and graphs users may have to change their printer settings to landscape and use a small font size.
NOTIFIABLE DISEASES -- Summary of reported cases, by sex, * United States, 1995
=================================================================================================================================
Sex
not
NAME Total Male (Rate) Female (Rate) stated
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
AIDS + 71,547 58,007 ( 46.56) 13,540 ( 10.27) -
Botulism, total 97 46 ( 0.04) 51 ( 0.04) -
Brucellosis 98 59 ( 0.05) 39 ( 0.03) -
Chancroid & 606 443 ( 0.35) 160 ( 0.12) 3
Chlamydia &@ 477,638 - ( - ) 383,956 (290.29) 1
Cholera 23 9 ( 0.01) 13 ( 0.01) 1
Escherichia coli O157:H7 2,139 970 ( 0.95) 1,144 ( 1.06) 25
Gonorrhea & 392,848 203,563 (158.64) 188,650 (140.32) 635
Haemophilus influenzae, invasive 1,180 575 ( 0.46) 602 ( 0.46) 3
Hansen disease (leprosy) 144 85 ( 0.07) 40 ( 0.03) 19
Hepatitis A 31,582 17,488 ( 14.04) 13,943 ( 10.58) 151
Hepatitis B 10,805 6,448 ( 5.23) 4,286 ( 3.29) 71
Hepatitis, C/non-A non-B 4,576 2,848 ( 2.31) 1,696 ( 1.30) 32
Legionellosis 1,241 706 ( 0.57) 529 ( 0.41) 6
Lyme disease 11,700 5,890 ( 4.73) 5,772 ( 4.38) 38
Malaria 1,419 863 ( 0.69) 519 ( 0.39) 37
Measles (rubeola) 309 133 ( 0.11) 154 ( 0.12) 22
Meningococcal disease 3,243 1,688 ( 1.35) 1,542 ( 1.17) 13
Mumps 906 480 ( 0.39) 411 ( 0.32) 15
Pertussis (whooping cough) 5,137 2,421 ( 1.94) 2,707 ( 2.05) 9
Plague 9 4 ( 0.00) 5 ( 0.00) -
Poliomyelitis, paralytic ** 2 2 ( 0.00) - ( - ) -
Psittacosis 64 28 ( 0.02) 36 ( 0.03) -
Rabies, human 5 3 ( 0.00) 2 ( 0.00) -
Rocky Mountain spotted fever 590 322 ( 0.26) 266 ( 0.20) 2
Rubella (German measles) 128 63 ( 0.05) 63 ( 0.05) 2
Rubella, congenital syndrome 6 2 ( 0.00) 4 ( 0.00) -
Salmonellosis 45,970 19,093 ( 15.32) 20,084 ( 15.23) 6,793
Shigellosis 32,080 11,955 ( 9.60) 14,523 ( 11.02) 5,602
Syphilis, primary and secondary & 16,500 8,731 ( 6.80) 7,768 ( 5.78) 1
Tetanus 41 27 ( 0.02) 14 ( 0.01) -
Toxic-shock syndrome 191 54 ( 0.04) 131 ( 0.10) 6
Trichinosis 29 19 ( 0.02) 9 ( 0.01) 1
Tuberculosis ++ 22,860 14,494 ( 11.63) 8,348 ( 6.33) 18
Typhoid fever 369 207 ( 0.17) 160 ( 0.12) 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* July 1, 1993, post-censal population estimates were used to calculate rates. Rates are reported per 100,000 population.
+ The total number of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases includes all cases reported to the Division of HIV/AIDS
Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHSTP) through December 31, 1995.
& Cases were updated through the Division of Sexually Transmitted Diseases Prevention, NCHSTP, as of March 1, 1996.
@ Chlamydia refers to genital infections caused by C. trachomatis. The rates for men are not presented, as reporting on men is
much more limited than on women.
** Seven additional suspected cases of paralytic poliomyelitis were reported in 1995. Confirmation of these cases is pending
review by an external panel.
++ Cases were updated through the Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, NCHSTP, as of May 29, 1996.
=================================================================================================================================
Return to top. Table_E Note: To print large tables and graphs users may have to change their printer settings to landscape and use a small font size.
NOTIFIABLE DISEASES -- Summary of reported cases, by race, United States, 1995
===================================================================================================================================================================================
American Indian Asian or
or Pacific Race not
Name Total Alaskan Native (%) Islander (%) Black (%) White (%) Other (%) stated (%)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
AIDS * 71,547 238 (<1) 556 ( 1) 29,326 (41) 29,715 ( 42) - ( -) 11,712 + (16)
Botulism, total 97 5 ( 5) 7 ( 7) - ( -) 53 ( 55) - ( -) 32 (33)
Brucellosis 98 - ( -) - ( -) 4 ( 4) 50 ( 51) - ( -) 44 (45)
Cholera 23 - ( -) 2 ( 9) - ( -) 10 ( 43) - ( -) 11 (48)
Escherichia coli O157:H7 2,139 2 (<1) 18 ( 1) 62 ( 3) 1,224 ( 57) 4 (<1) 829 (39)
Gonorrhea & 395,493 1,472 (<1) 1,305 (<1) 240,887 (61) 42,198 ( 11) - ( -) 109,631+ (28)
Haemophilus influenzae, invasive 1,180 15 ( 1) 15 ( 1) 144 (12) 766 ( 65) 3 (<1) 237 (20)
Hansen disease (leprosy) 144 - ( -) 43 (30) 7 ( 5) 39 ( 27) 1 ( 1) 54 (38)
Hepatitis A 31,582 1,375 ( 4) 428 ( 1) 3,066 (10) 18,967 ( 60) 61 (<1) 7,685 (24)
Hepatitis B 10,805 100 ( 1) 710 ( 7) 2,394 (22) 4,772 ( 44) 25 (<1) 2,804 (26)
Hepatitis, C/non-A non-B 4,576 45 ( 1) 38 ( 1) 542 (12) 1,798 ( 39) 3 (<1) 2,150 (47)
Legionellosis 1,241 2 (<1) 10 ( 1) 108 ( 9) 852 ( 69) 2 (<1) 267 (22)
Lyme disease 11,700 22 (<1) 83 ( 1) 204 ( 2) 8,945 ( 76) - ( -) 2,446 (21)
Malaria 1,419 5 (<1) 225 (16) 444 (31) 367 ( 26) 28 ( 2) 350 (25)
Measles (rubeola) 309 8 ( 3) 10 ( 3) 13 ( 4) 170 ( 55) - ( -) 108 (35)
Meningococcal disease 3,243 42 ( 1) 29 ( 1) 503 (16) 2,152 ( 66) 4 (<1) 513 (16)
Mumps 906 8 ( 1) 33 ( 4) 73 ( 8) 403 ( 44) 3 (<1) 386 (43)
Pertussis (whooping cough) 5,137 55 ( 1) 62 ( 1) 314 ( 6) 2,780 ( 54) 2 (<1) 1,924 (37)
Plague 9 2 (22) - ( -) - ( -) 6 ( 67) - ( -) 1 (11)
Poliomyelitis, paralytic @ 2 - ( -) - ( -) - ( -) 2 (100) - ( -) - ( -)
Psittacosis 64 - ( -) - ( -) 2 ( 3) 40 ( 63) - ( -) 22 (34)
Rabies, human 5 - ( -) - ( -) - ( -) 4 ( 80) - ( -) 1 (20)
Rocky Mountain spotted fever 590 11 ( 2) 4 ( 1) 33 ( 6) 450 ( 76) - ( -) 92 (16)
Rubella (German measles) 128 - ( -) 10 ( 8) 7 ( 5) 87 ( 68) - ( -) 24 (19)
Rubella, congenital syndrome 6 - ( -) - ( -) - ( -) 2 ( 33) - ( -) 4 (67)
Salmonellosis 45,970 217 (<1) 686 ( 1) 3,817 ( 8) 20,875 ( 45) 34 (<1) 20,341 (44)
Shigellosis 32,080 2,031 ( 6) 166 ( 1) 4,153 (13) 12,828 ( 40) 13 (<1) 12,889+ (40)
Syphilis, primary and secondary & 16,501 47 (<1) 54 (<1) 13,974 (85) 1,487 ( 9) - ( -) 939 ( 6)
Tetanus 41 1 ( 2) 1 ( 2) 1 ( 2) 31 ( 76) - ( -) 7 (17)
Toxic-shock syndrome 191 1 ( 1) 3 ( 2) 12 ( 6) 140 ( 73) - ( -) 35 (18)
Trichinosis 29 - ( -) - ( -) - ( -) 10 ( 34) - ( -) 19 (66)
Tuberculosis ** 22,860 327 ( 1) 4,035 (18) 7,766 (34) 10,606 ( 46) - ( -) 126 ( 1)
Typhoid fever 369 2 ( 1) 107 (29) 32 ( 9) 71 ( 19) 12 ( 3) 145 (39)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* The total number of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) includes all cases reported through December 31, 1995.
+ Includes cases originally reported as Hispanic: 11,577 for AIDS; 16,447 for gonorrhea; and 686 for syphilis, primary and secondary.
& Race data are collected on aggregate forms different from those used for numbers of reported cases. Thus, the total number of cases reported on this table may differ slightly
from other tables. Cases were updated through the Division of Sexually Transmitted Diseases Prevention, NCHSTP, as of March 1, 1996. Race data for 1995 are unavailable for
chancroid and chlamydia.
@ Seven additional suspected cases of paralytic poliomyelitis were reported in 1995. Confirmation of these cases is pending review by an external panel.
** Cases were updated through the Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, NCHSTP, as of May 29, 1996.
===================================================================================================================================================================================
Return to top. Table_F Note: To print large tables and graphs users may have to change their printer settings to landscape and use a small font size.
NOTIFIABLE DISEASES -- Summary of reported cases, by ethnicity, United States, 1995
======================================================================================================================================
Ethnicity
not
NAME Total Hispanic (%) Non-Hispanic (%) stated (%)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
AIDS * 71,547 11,577 (16) 59,041 (83) 929 + ( 1)
Botulism, total 97 14 (14) 53 (55) 30 ( 31)
Brucellosis 98 57 (58) 23 (23) 18 ( 18)
Cholera 23 14 (61) 7 (30) 2 ( 9)
Escherichia coli O157:H7 2,139 50 ( 2) 1,090 (51) 999 ( 47)
Gonorrhea & 395,493 16,447 ( 4) 283,085 (72) 95,961 + ( 24)
Haemophilus influenzae 1,180 70 ( 6) 710 (60) 400 ( 34)
Hansen disease (leprosy) 144 42 (29) 68 (47) 34 ( 24)
Hepatitis A 31,582 5,051 (16) 17,473 (55) 9,058 ( 29)
Hepatitis B 10,805 1,074 (10) 5,767 (53) 3,964 ( 37)
Hepatitis, C/non-A non-B 4,576 281 ( 6) 1,829 (40) 2,466 ( 54)
Legionellosis 1,241 21 ( 2) 717 (58) 503 ( 41)
Lyme disease 11,700 200 ( 2) 6,129 (52) 5,371 ( 46)
Malaria 1,419 126 ( 9) 856 (60) 437 ( 31)
Measles (rubeola) 309 56 (18) 147 (48) 106 ( 34)
Meningococcal disease 3,243 343 (11) 1,995 (62) 905 ( 28)
Mumps 906 139 (15) 343 (38) 424 ( 47)
Pertussis (whooping cough) 5,137 376 ( 7) 2,366 (46) 2,395 ( 47)
Plague 9 1 (11) 7 (78) 1 ( 11)
Poliomyelitis, paralytic @ 2 - ( -) - ( -) 2 (100)
Psittacosis 64 2 ( 3) 40 (63) 22 ( 34)
Rabies, human 5 2 (40) 2 (40) 1 ( 20)
Rocky Mountain spotted fever 590 10 ( 2) 339 (57) 241 ( 41)
Rubella (German measles) 128 60 (47) 48 (38) 20 ( 16)
Rubella, congenital syndrome 6 5 (83) 1 (17) - ( - )
Salmonellosis 45,970 2,937 ( 6) 18,124 (39) 24,909 ( 54)
Shigellosis 32,080 3,673 (11) 12,575 (39) 15,832 + ( 49)
Syphilis, primary and secondary & 16,501 686 ( 4) 15,461 (94) 354 ( 2)
Tetanus 41 6 (15) 23 (56) 12 ( 29)
Toxic-shock syndrome 191 7 ( 4) 121 (63) 63 ( 33)
Trichinosis 29 3 (10) 6 (21) 20 ( 69)
Tuberculosis ** 22,860 4,847 (21) 17,872 (78) 141 ( 1)
Typhoid fever 369 86 (23) 178 (48) 105 ( 28)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* The total number of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases includes all cases reported to the Division of HIV/AIDS
Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHSTP) through December 31, 1995.
+ Ethnicity is not stated and includes cases originally reported as American Indian or Alaskan Native and Asian or Pacific Islander.
& Ethnicity data are collected on aggregate forms different from those used for numbers of reported cases. Thus, the total number
of cases reported on this table may differ slightly from other tables. Cases were updated through the Division of Sexually Trans-
mitted Diseases Prevention, NCHSTP, as of March 1, 1996. Ethnicity data for 1995 are unavailable for chancroid and chlamydia.
@ Seven additional suspected cases of paralytic poliomyelitis were reported in 1995. Confirmation of these cases is pending review
by an external panel.
** Cases were updated through the Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, NCHSTP, as of May 29, 1996.
=======================================================================================================================================
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NOTIFIABLE DISEASES -- summary of reported cases, per 100,000 population, United States, 1986-1995 ============================================================================================================================================ Disease 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- AIDS * 5.36 8.66 12.61 13.58 16.72 17.32 17.83 40.20 30.07 27.20 Amebiasis 1.47 1.33 1.20 1.34 1.38 1.23 1.21 1.21 1.20 + Anthrax 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Aseptic meningitis 4.72 4.72 2.94 4.14 4.77 6.26 5.18 5.39 3.71 + Botulism, total (including wound and unsp.) 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.04 Foodborne 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.01 Brucellosis 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.04 Chancroid 1.57 2.07 2.04 1.90 1.70 1.40 0.80 0.54 0.30 0.20 & Chlamydia @ ..................................... ** ..................................... 182.20 & Cholera 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.00 0.02 0.01 Diphtheria 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Encephalitis, primary 0.54 0.58 0.36 0.40 0.54 0.40 0.30 0.36 0.28 + Post-infectious 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.06 + Escherichia coli O157:H7 ................................. ** ................................ 0.82 1.01 Gonorrhea 376.37 323.14 298.74 297.36 276.60 249.48 201.60 172.40 168.40 149.50 & Granuloma inguinale 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 + Haemophilus influenzae, invasive ................... ** ................... 1.10 0.55 0.55 0.45 0.45 Hansen disease (leprosy) 0.11 0.10 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.05 0.06 Hepatitis A 10.02 10.39 11.60 14.43 12.64 9.67 9.06 9.40 10.29 12.13 Hepatitis B 11.17 10.65 9.43 9.43 8.48 7.14 6.32 5.18 4.81 4.19 Hepatitis, C/non-A, non-B ++ 1.55 1.23 1.07 1.02 1.03 1.42 2.36 1.86 1.78 1.78 Hepatitis, unspecified 1.69 1.27 1.00 0.93 0.67 0.50 0.35 0.24 0.17 + Legionellosis 0.43 0.43 0.44 0.48 0.55 0.53 0.53 0.50 0.63 0.48 Leptospirosis 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 + Lyme disease ................... ** ................... 3.80 0.12 3.20 5.01 4.49 Lymphogranuloma venereum 0.16 0.13 0.07 0.08 0.10 0.19 0.10 0.10 0.10 + Malaria 0.47 0.39 0.45 0.51 0.52 0.51 0.43 0.55 0.47 0.55 Measles (rubeola) 2.61 1.50 1.38 7.33 11.17 3.82 0.88 0.12 0.37 0.12 Meningococcal disease 1.08 1.20 1.21 1.10 0.99 0.84 0.84 1.02 1.11 1.25 Mumps 3.37 5.43 2.05 2.34 2.17 1.72 1.03 0.66 0.60 0.35 Murine typhus fever 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 ...... + ...... Pertussis (whooping cough) 1.74 1.16 1.40 1.67 1.84 1.08 1.60 2.55 1.77 1.97 Plague 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 Poliomyelitis, paralytic 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Psittacosis 0.09 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.03 Rabies, human 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Rheumatic fever, acute 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.13 0.09 0.12 0.06 0.08 0.09 + Rocky Mountain spotted fever 0.32 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.26 0.25 0.20 0.18 0.18 0.23 Rubella (German measles) 0.23 0.13 0.09 0.16 0.45 0.56 0.06 0.07 0.09 0.05 Salmonellosis, excluding typhoid fever 20.73 20.92 19.91 19.26 19.54 19.10 16.04 16.15 16.64 17.66 Shigellosis 7.11 9.80 12.46 10.07 10.89 9.34 9.38 12.48 11.44 12.32 Syphilis, primary and secondary 11.65 14.54 16.43 18.07 20.10 17.26 13.70 10.40 8.10 6.30 & Total, all stages 28.50 35.81 42.37 44.94 53.80 51.69 45.30 39.70 32.00 26.20 & Tetanus 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 Toxic-shock syndrome 0.19 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.13 0.11 0.10 0.08 0.10 0.07 Trichinosis 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 Tuberculosis 9.44 9.25 9.13 9.46 10.33 10.42 10.46 9.82 9.36 8.70 Tularemia 0.07 0.09 0.08 0.06 0.06 0.08 0.06 0.05 0.04 + Typhoid fever 0.15 0.16 0.18 0.19 0.22 0.20 0.16 0.17 0.17 0.14 Varicella (chickenpox) && 122.42 136.68 122.43 121.77 120.06 135.82 176.54 118.54 135.76 118.11 Yellow fever ............ Last indigenous case reported in 1911; last imported case, 1924 ............ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: Rates <0.01 after rounding are listed as 0.00. ** Not previously nationally notifiable. * Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). ++ Anti-HCV antibody test became available May 1990. + No longer nationally notifiable. && Not nationally notifiable. & DemoDetail 1991-1995 post-censal estimates were used to calculate 1995 rates. @ Chlamydia refers to genital infections caused by C. trachomatis. ============================================================================================================================================ Return to top. Table_2 Note: To print large tables and graphs users may have to change their printer settings to landscape and use a small font size. TABLE 2. NOTIFIABLE DISEASES -- summary of reported cases, United States, 1988-1995 =================================================================================================================================================================================== Disease 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- AIDS 31,001 33,722 41,595 43,672 45,472 103,533 78,279 71,547 * Amebiasis 2,860 3,217 3,328 2,989 2,942 2,970 2,983 + Anthrax 2 - - - 1 - - - Aseptic meningitis 7,234 10,274 11,852 14,526 12,223 12,848 8,932 + Botulism, total (including wound and unsp.) 84 89 92 114 91 97 143 97 Foodborne 28 23 23 27 21 27 50 24 Infant 50 60 65 81 66 65 85 54 Brucellosis 96 95 85 104 105 120 119 98 Chancroid 5,001 4,692 4,212 3,476 1,886 1,399 773 606 & Chalmydia @ .................................. ** ................................ 477,638 & Cholera 8 - 6 26 103 18 39 23 Diphtheria 2 3 4 5 4 - 2 - Encephalitis, primary 882 981 1,341 1,021 774 919 717 + Post-infectious 121 88 105 82 129 170 143 + Escherichia coli O157:H7 ............................ ** ............................ 1,420 2,139 Gonorrhea 719,536 733,151 690,169 620,478 501,409 439,673 418,068 392,848 & Granuloma inguinale 11 7 97 29 6 19 3 + Haemophilus influenzae, invasive ............ ** ............ 2,764 1,412 1,419 1,174 1,180 Hansen disease (leprosy) 184 163 198 154 172 187 136 144 Hepatitis A 28,507 35,821 31,441 24,378 23,112 24,238 29,796 31,582 Hepatitis B 23,177 23,419 21,102 18,003 16,126 13,361 12,517 10,805 Hepatitis, C/non-A, non-B ++ 2,619 2,529 2,553 3,582 6,010 4,786 4,470 4,576 Hepatitis, unspecified 2,470 2,306 1,671 1,260 884 627 444 + Legionellosis 1,085 1,190 1,370 1,317 1,339 1,280 1,615 1,241 Leptospiro |
