Immunization MMWRs
November 2020
McClung N, Mhamberland M, Kinlaw K, Matthew DB, Wallace M, Bell BP, et al. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices’ Ethical Principles for Allocating Initial Supplies of COVID-19 Vaccine — United States, 2020 MMWR. 2020;69(47);1782-6.
In addition to scientific data and implementation feasibility, four ethical principles will assist ACIP in formulating recommendations for the initial allocation of COVID-19 vaccine: 1) maximizing benefits and minimizing harms; 2) promoting justice; 3) mitigating health inequities; and 4) promoting transparency….-
Chard AN, Gacic-Dobo M, Diallo MS, Sodha SV, Wallace AS. Routine Vaccination Coverage — Worldwide, 2019 MMWR. 2020;69(45);1706–10.
This report, which updates previous reports, presents global, regional, and national vaccination coverage estimates and trends as of 2019 and describes the number of surviving infants who did not receive the first dose of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis-containing vaccine (DTP1) during the first year of life… -
Patel MK, Goodson JL, Alexander JP Jr., Kretsinger K, Sodha SV, Steulet C, et al. Progress Toward Regional Measles Elimination — Worldwide, 2000–2019 MMWR. 2020;69(45);1700–5.
This report describes progress toward WHA milestones and regional measles elimination during 2000–2019 and updates a previous report…
October 2020
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Hill HA, Yankey D, Elam-Evans LD, Singleton JA, Pingali SC, Santibanez TA. Vaccination Coverage by Age 24 Months Among Children Born in 2016 and 2017 — National Immunization Survey-Child, United States, 2017–2019 MMWR. 2020;69(42);1505-11.
Considering the disruptions to health care provider operations caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, extra effort will be required to achieve and maintain high levels of coverage with routine childhood vaccinations…
September 2020
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Mbaeyi SA, Bozio CH, Duffy J, Rubin LG, Hariri S, Stephens DS, et al. Meningococcal Vaccination: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, United States, 2020 MMWR. 2020;69(RR-9);1-41.
This report compiles and summarizes all previously published ACIP recommendations for use of meningococcal vaccines in the United States… -
Baker KM, Laureano-Rosario AE, Edwards S. Notes from the Field: Travel-Associated Measles in a Person Born Before 1957 — Pinellas County, Florida, 2019 MMWR. 2020;69(38);1378–1379.
The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends that adults without documentation of measles immunity who are traveling internationally receive 2 documented doses of measles, mumps, and rubella virus vaccine before departure… -
Moffett DB, Llewellyn A, Singh H, Saxentoff E, Partridge J, Boualam L, et al. Progress Toward Poliovirus Containment Implementation — Worldwide, 2019–2020 MMWR. 2020;69(37);1330-3.
Just as with type 2 monovalent Sabin oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), countries using novel type 2 OPV or trivalent Sabin OPV for outbreak response should track and report related materials according to poliovirus containment requirements… -
Olsen SJ, Azziz-Baumgartner E, Budd AP, Brammer L, Sullivan S, Pineda RF, et al. Decreased Influenza Activity During the COVID-19 Pandemic — United States, Australia, Chile, and South Africa, 2020 MMWR. 2020;69(37);1305-9.
Interventions aimed against SARS-CoV-2 transmission, plus influenza vaccination, could substantially reduce influenza incidence and impact in the 2020–21 Northern Hemisphere season… -
Melkonian SC, Henley SJ, Senkomago V, Thomas CC, Jim MA, Apostolou A, et al. Cancers Associated with Human Papillomavirus in American Indian and Alaska Native Populations — United States, 2013 MMWR. 2020;69(37);1283-7.
In data from central cancer registries linked with Indian Health Service patient information, 740 (72%) of 1,030 HPV-associated cancers among AI/AN were estimated to be types targeted by 9-valent HPV vaccine…
August 2020
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Meyer E, Sikka N, Durry E, Datta D. Notes from the Field: CDC Polio Surge Response to Expanding Outbreaks of Type 2 Circulating Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus — Africa and Philippines, September 2019–March 2020 MMWR. 2020;69(34);1182-3.
Disruptions in routine immunization and SIAs because of the COVID-19 pandemic have elevated the risk for increases in vaccine-preventable diseases, including polio… -
Dunn R, Musabaev E, Razavi H, Sadirova S, Bakieva S, Razavi-Shearer K, et al. Progress Toward Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Elimination Using a Catalytic Funding Model — Tashkent, Uzbekistan, December 6, 2019–March 15, 2020 MMWR. 2020;69(34);1161-5.
Despite the availability of hepatitis B vaccines and treatment for hepatitis B and C, few low- and middle-income countries have sustainable and scalable elimination programs… -
Grohskopf LA, Alyanak E, Broder KR, Blanton LH, Fry AM, Jernigan DB, et al. Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices — United States, 2020–21 Influenza Season MMWR. 2020;69(RR-8);1-24.
This report updates the 2019–20 ACIP recommendations regarding the use of seasonal influenza vaccines and provides recommendations and guidance for vaccine providers regarding the use of influenza vaccines in the United States for the 2020–21 season… -
Elam-Evans LD, Yankey D, Singleton JA, Sterrett N, Markowitz LE, Williams CL, et al. National, Regional, State, and Selected Local Area Vaccination Coverage Among Adolescents Aged 13–17 Years — United States, 2019 MMWR. 2020;69(33);1109-16.
This report provides vaccination coverage estimates on 18,788 adolescents aged 13–17 years…
July 2020
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Langdon-Embry M, Papadouka V, Cheng I, Almashhadani M, Ternier A, Zucker JR. Notes from the Field: Rebound in Routine Childhood Vaccine Administration Following Decline During the COVID-19 Pandemic — New York City, March 1–June 27, 2020 MMWR. 2020;69(30);999-1001.
The availability of an immunization infrastructure to rapidly communicate with providers, an effective immunization information system to identify unvaccinated children, and the Vaccines for Children Program provider and vaccine distribution network have all been important to NYC’s response and will be critical to distribution and administration of COVID-19 vaccines when they become available… -
Sandhu HS, Roesel S, Sharifuzzaman M, Chunsuttiwat S, Tohme RA. Progress Toward Hepatitis B Control — South-East Asia Region, 2016–2019 MMWR. 2020;69(30);988-92.
This report describes the progress made toward hepatitis B control in SEAR during 2016–2019… -
Macklin G, Diop OM, Humayun A, Shahmahmoodi S, El-Sayed ZA, Triki H, et al. Update on Immunodeficiency-Associated Vaccine-Derived Polioviruses — Worldwide, July 2018–December 2019 MMWR. 2020;69(28);913-7.
This report updates previous reports and includes details of iVDPV cases detected during July 2018–December 2019… -
McPherson TD, Ramirez E, Ringness M, Ruestow P, Marlow M, Fricchione MJ. Mumps Cases Disproportionately Affecting Persons Living with HIV Infection and Men Who Have Sex with Men — Chicago, Illinois, 2018 MMWR. 2020;69(28);909-12.
This report describes increased mumps cases in a nonuniversity setting with geographical distribution throughout a large urban center, disproportionately affecting men who have sex with men and persons living with human immunodeficiency virus infection… -
Nelson NP, Weng MK, Hofmeister MG, Moore KL, Doshani M, Kamili S, et al. Prevention of Hepatitis A Virus Infection in the United States: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, 2020 MMWR. 2020;69(RR-5);1-38.
This report supplants and summarizes previously published recommendations from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) regarding the prevention of HAV infection in the United States…
June 2020
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Lu L, Roland E, Shearer E, Zahn M, Djuric M, McDonald E, et al. Notes from the Field: Measles Outbreak Associated with International Air Travel — California, March–April 2017 MMWR. 2020;69(25);803-4.
This travel-associated measles outbreak serves to remind travelers, airlines, clinicians, and the public that vaccine-eligible adult travelers lacking evidence of immunity should receive 2 MMR doses before traveling internationally… -
Chard AN, Datta SD, Tallis G, Burns CC, Wassilak SGF, Vertefeuille JF, et al. Progress Toward Polio Eradication — Worldwide, January 2018–March 2020 MMWR. 2020;69(25);784-9.
This report summarizes progress toward global polio eradication during January 1, 2018–March 31, 2020 and updates previous reports… -
Jones JM, Kracalik I, Levi ME, Bowman JS III, Berger JJ, Bixler D, et al. Assessing Solid Organ Donors and Monitoring Transplant Recipients for Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis B Virus, and Hepatitis C Virus Infection — U.S. Public Health Service Guideline, 2020 MMWR. 2020;69(RR-4);1-16.
The recommendations in this report supersede the U.S Public Health Service (PHS) guideline recommendations for reducing transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) through organ transplantation… -
Knapp JK, Mariano KM, Pastore R, Grabovac V, Takashima Y, Alexander JP Jr, et al. Progress Toward Rubella Elimination — Western Pacific Region, 2000–2019 MMWR. 2020;69(24);744-50.
This report summarizes progress toward rubella elimination and CRS prevention in WPR during 2000–2019… -
Donahue M, Hendrickson B, Julian D, Hill N, Rother J, Koirala S, et alVance J, Gonzalez F, Estrada E, Ocaranza HI, Clemmons N, Palacios V. Notes from the Field: Measles Outbreak on an Army Post and a Neighboring Community — El Paso, Texas, July–September 2019 MMWR. 2020;69(23);722-3.
Measles remains a risk to unvaccinated persons in the United States… -
Donahue M, Hendrickson B, Julian D, Hill N, Rother J, Koirala S, et al. Multistate Mumps Outbreak Originating from Asymptomatic Transmission at a Nebraska Wedding — Six States, August–October 2019 MMWR. 2020;69(22);666-9.
Asymptomatic transmission of mumps in a conducive environment is capable of producing a widespread outbreak…
May 2020
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Lickness JS, Gardner T, Diop OM, Chavan S, Jorba J, Ahmed J, et al. Surveillance to Track Progress Toward Polio Eradication — Worldwide, 2018–2019 MMWR. 2020;69(20);623-9.
This report presents 2018–2019 poliovirus surveillance data, focusing on 40 priority countries with WPV or VDPV outbreaks or at high risk for importation because of their proximity to a country with an outbreak… -
Bramer CA, Kimmins LM, Swanson R, Kuo J, Vranesich P, Jacques-Carroll LA, et al. Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Routine Pediatric Vaccine Ordering and Administration — United States, 2020 MMWR. 2020;69(20);630-1.
Vaccination coverage declined in all milestone age cohorts, except for birth-dose hepatitis B coverage, which is typically administered in the hospital setting … -
Hofmeister MG, Foster MA, Montgomery MP, Gupta N. Notes from the Field: Assessing the Role of Food Handlers in Hepatitis A Virus Transmission — Multiple States, 2016–2019 MMWR. 2020;69(20);636-7.
To optimize resources, health departments should assess the risk for secondary transmission of hepatitis A from infected food handlers on a case-by-case basis and prioritize vaccination efforts in situations where secondary transmission risk is deemed high… -
Santoli JM, Lindley MC, DeSilva MB, Kharbanda EO, Daley MF, Galloway L, et al. Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Routine Pediatric Vaccine Ordering and Administration — United States, 2020 MMWR. 2020;69(19);591-3.
To avoid outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases and keep children protected, vaccinations and well-child visits are essential…
April 2020
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Goodson JL, Teleb N, Ashmony H, Musa N, Ghoniem A, Hassan Q, et al. Progress Toward Measles Elimination — Eastern Mediterranean Region, 2013–2019 MMWR. 2020;69(15);439-45.
This report describes progress toward measles elimination in EMR during 2013–2019 and updates a previous report… -
Pedersen R, Barton V, Tripp J, Blanton L, Barnes J, Hahn C. Notes from the Field: Seasonal Human Influenza A(H3N2) and Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Reassortant Infection — Idaho, 2019 MMWR. 2020;69(14);427–8.
CDC recommends that state and local health departments, hospitals, and clinicians maintain surveillance to identify patients who might be transmitting newly emerging influenza viruses…
March 2020
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Wu AC, Rekant SI, Baca ER, Jenkins RM, Perelygina LM, Hilliard JK, et al. Notes from the Field: Monkey Bite in a Public Park and Possible Exposure to Herpes B Virus — Thailand, 2018 MMWR. 2020;69(9);247–8.
Rabies from nonhuman primate bites is uncommon because primates are not primary rabies reservoirs. Nonetheless, rabies postexposure prophylaxis for victims of nonhuman primate bites in countries where rabies is enzootic should be considered…
February 2020
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Jernigan DB, CDC COVID-19 Response Team. Update: Public Health Response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak — United States, February 24, 2020 MMWR. 2020;69(8);216–9.
Rabies from nonhuman primate bites is uncommon because primates are not primary rabies reservoirs. Nonetheless, rabies postexposure prophylaxis for victims of nonhuman primate bites in countries where rabies is enzootic should be considered… -
Dawood FS, Chung JR, Kim SS, Zimmerman RK, Nowalk MP, Jackson ML, et al. Interim Estimates of 2019–20 Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness — United States, February 2020 MMWR. 2020;69(7);177–182.
Vaccination remains the best way to protect against influenza and its potentially serious complications… -
Patel A, Jernigan DB, 2019-nCoV CDC Response Team. Initial Public Health Response and Interim Clinical Guidance for the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak — United States, December 31, 2019–February 4, 2020 MMWR. 2020;69(5)140-6.
As more is learned about this novel virus and this outbreak, CDC will rapidly incorporate new knowledge into guidance for action by CDC and state and local health departments… -
Oliver SE, Moore KL. Licensure of a Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids and Acellular Pertussis, Inactivated Poliovirus, Haemophilus influenzae Type b Conjugate, and Hepatitis B Vaccine, and Guidance for Use in Infants MMWR. 2020;69(5);136-9.
This report summarizes the indications for DTaP-IPV-Hib-HepB and provides guidance for its use… -
Freedman MS, Hunter P, Ault K, Kroger A. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices Recommended Immunization Schedule for Adults Aged 19 Years or Older — United States, 2020 MMWR. 2020;69(5);133-5.
Changes in the 2020 adult immunization schedule for persons aged ≥19 years include new or revised recommendations for hepatitis A vaccine (HepA); human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV); influenza vaccine; serogroup B meningococcal vaccine (MenB); pneumococcal vaccine; and tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap)… -
Robinson CL, Bernstein H, Poehling K, Romero JR, Szilagyi P. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices Recommended Immunization Schedule for Children and Adolescents Aged 18 Years or Younger — United States, 2020 MMWR. 2020;69(5);130–2.
Changes in the 2020 child and adolescent immunization schedule for persons aged 18 years or younger include new or updated ACIP recommendations for hepatitis A vaccine (HepA); influenza vaccine; meningococcal B vaccine (MenB); and tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap)…
January 2020
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Havers FP, Moro PL, Hunter P, Hariri S, Bernstein H. Use of Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced Diphtheria Toxoid, and Acellular Pertussis Vaccines: Updated Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices — United States, 2019 MMWR. 2020;69(3):77–83.
This report provides recommendations for the use of Td or Tdap for the decennial Td booster, tetanus prophylaxis when indicated for wound management, and catch-up immunization schedule for persons aged ≥7 years with incomplete or unknown vaccination history… -
Merritt TA, Rasmussen SA, Bright MA, Roussos-Ross D, Sims SM, Gurka MJ, et al. Variation in Tdap and Influenza Vaccination Coverage Among Pregnant Women by Insurance Type — Florida, 2016–2018 MMWR. 2020;69(3);72–76.
Medicaid benefits for Tdap and influenza vaccination during pregnancy might increase vaccination coverage… -
Owusu D, Hand J, Tenforde MW, Feldstein LR, DaSilva J, Barnes J, et al. Early Season Pediatric Influenza B/Victoria Virus Infections Associated with a Recently Emerged Virus Subclade — Louisiana, 2019 MMWR. 2020;69(2);40-43.
Early influenza B/Victoria virus activity in Louisiana resulted in illnesses in children that were similar to typical seasonal influenza; however, some illnesses were severe, and one death was reported…
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