Strep Lab Publications

Below selected publications are listed according to type of Streptococcus.

Streptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus)

• Fay K, Onukwube J, Chochua S, et al. Patterns of antibiotic nonsusceptibility among invasive group A Streptococcus infections-United States, 2006-2017. Clin Infect Dis. 2021; 25;ciab575. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciab575.
• Li Y, Rivers J, Mathis S, et al. Genomic Surveillance of Streptococcus pyogenes Strains Causing Invasive Disease, United States, 2016-2017. Front Microbiol. 2020; 24;11:1547.
• Valenciano SJ, Onukwube J, Spiller MW, et al. Invasive Group A Streptococcal Infections Among People Who Inject Drugs and People Experiencing Homelessness in the United States, 2010-2017. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 17;ciaa787.
• Frost HR, Davies MR, Velusamy S, et al. Updated emm-typing protocol for Streptococcus pyogenes. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2020; 26(7):946.e5-946.e8.
• Li Y, Nanduri SA, Van Beneden CA, et al. M1 UK lineage in invasive group A streptococcus isolates from the USA. Lancet Infect Dis 2020; 20(5):538-539.
• Beall B, Van Beneden C. Challenges to Vaccine Development: The Diversity of Group A Streptococcal Strains Among Varied Climates and Global Regions. J Infect Dis. 2020; 221(9):1394-1397.
• Chochua S, Rivers J, Mathis S, et al. Emergent Invasive Group A Streptococcus dysgalactiae equisimilis, United States, 2015-2018. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 25(8):1543-1547.
• Nanduri SA, Metcalf BJ, Arwady MA, et al. Prolonged and large outbreak of invasive group A Streptococcus disease within a nursing home: repeated intrafacility transmission of a single strain. Clin Microbiol Infect 2019; 25(2):248.e1-248.e7.
• Mosites E, Frick A, Gounder P, Castrodale L, Li Y, Rudolph K, et al. Outbreak of invasive infections from subtype emm26.3 group A Streptococcus among homeless adults–Anchorage, Alaska, 2016–2017. Clin Infect Dis. 2018;66(7):1068–74.
• Chochua S, Metcalf BJ, Li Z, et al. Population and whole genome sequence based characterization of invasive group A streptococci recovered in the United States during 2015. MBio. 2017;8(5). pii: e01422–17.
• Smeesters PR, Laho D, Beall B, Steer AC, Van Beneden CA. Seasonal, geographic, and temporal trends of emm clusters associated with invasive group A streptococcal infections in US multistate surveillance. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;64(5):694–5.
• Kobayashi M, Lyman MM, Francois Watkins LK, et al. A cluster of group A streptococcal infections in a skilled nursing facility–The potential role of healthcare worker presenteeism. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2016;64(12):e279–84.
• Nelson GE, Pondo T, Toews KA, et al. Epidemiology of invasive group A streptococcal infections in the United States, 2005-2012. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;63(4):478–86.
• Sanderson-Smith M, De Oliveira DM, Guglielmini J, et al. A systematic and functional classification of Streptococcus pyogenes that serves as a new tool for molecular typing and vaccine development. J Infect Dis. 2014;210(8):1325–38.
• Athey TB, Teatero S, Li A, Marchand-Austin A, Beall BW, Fittipaldi N. Deriving group A Streptococcus typing information from short-read whole-genome sequencing data. J Clin Microbiol. 2014;52(6):1871–6.
• Dooling KL, Crist MB, Nguyen DB, et al. Investigation of a prolonged group A streptococcal outbreak among residents of a skilled nursing facility, Georgia, 2009-2012. Clin Infect Dis. 2013;57(11):1562–7.
• Kang SO, Wright JO, Tesorero RA, Lee H, Beall B, Cho KH. Thermoregulation of capsule production by Streptococcus pyogenes. PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e37367.
• Jorgensen JH, McElmeel ML, Fulcher LC, et al. Collaborative evaluation of an erythromycin-clindamycin combination well for detection of inducible clindamycin resistance in beta-hemolytic streptococci by use of the CLSI broth microdilution method. J Clin Microbiol. 2011;49(8):2884–6.
• Nir-Paz R, Korenman Z, Ron M, et al. Streptococcus pyogenes emm and T types within a decade, 1996-2005: implications for epidemiology and future vaccines. Epidemiol Infect. 2010;138(1):53–60.
• Steer AC, Law I, Matatolu L, Beall BW, Carapetis JR. Global emm type distribution of group A streptococci: Systematic review and implications for vaccine development. Lancet Infect Dis. 2009;9(10):611–6.
• Shulman ST, Tanz RR, Dale JB, et al. Seven-year surveillance of north American pediatric group a streptococcal pharyngitis isolates. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;49(1):78–84.
• Lauth X, von Köckritz-Blickwede M, McNamara CW, et al. M1 protein allows group A streptococcal survival in phagocyte extracellular traps through cathelicidin inhibition. J Innate Immun. 2009;1(3):202–14.
• Rainbow J, Jewell B, Danila RN, et al. Invasive group A streptococcal disease in nursing homes, Minnesota, 1995-2006. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008;14(5):772–7.
• Woodbury RL, Klammer K, Xiong Y, et al. 2008. Plasmid-borne erm(T) from invasive, macrolide resistant Streptococcus pyogenes strains. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008; 52(3):1140–3.

Streptococcus pneumoniae

• Scherer EM, Beall B, Metcalf B. Serotype-Switch Variant of Multidrug-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Sequence Type 271. Emerg Infect  2021;27(6):1689-1692.
• Pimenta F, Moiane B, Gertz RE Jr, et al. New Pneumococcal Serotype 15D. J Clin Microbiol 2021;20;59(5):e00329-21.
• Beall B, Walker H, Tran T, et al. Upsurge of Conjugate Vaccine Serotype 4 Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Clusters Among Adults Experiencing Homelessness in California, Colorado, and New Mexico. J Infect Dis 2021;223(7):1241-1249.
• Valenciano SJ, Moiane B, Lessa FC, et al. Effect of 10-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on Streptococcus pneumoniae Nasopharyngeal Carriage Among Children Less Than 5 Years Old: 3 Years Post-10-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Introduction in Mozambique. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2021; 10(4):448-456.
• Gertz RE Jr, Pimenta FC, Chochua S, et al. Nonpneumococcal Strains Recently Recovered from Carriage Specimens and Expressing Capsular Serotypes Highly Related or Identical to Pneumococcal Serotypes 2, 4, 9A, 13, and 23A . mBio 2021; 12(3):e01037-21.
• Metcalf BJ, Chochua S, Walker H, et al. Invasive Pneumococcal Strain Distributions and Isolate Clusters Associated With Persons Experiencing Homelessness During 2018. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;72(12):e948-e956. doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa1680
• Beall B. Potential Epidemiologic and Historical Implications of Capsular Serotypes Shared by Pneumococci and Their Nonpneumococcal Relatives. J Infect Dis. 2020;222(3):343-346. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiz457
• Soeters HM, Kambiré D, Sawadogo G, et al. Evaluation of pneumococcal meningitis clusters in Burkina Faso and implications for potential reactive vaccination. Vaccine 2020;38(35):5726-5733.
• Farrar JL, Odiembo H, Odoyo A, et al. Limited Added Value of Oropharyngeal Swabs for Detecting Pneumococcal Carriage in Adults. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2020; 7(9):ofaa368.
• Pimenta FC, Moiane B, Lessa FC, et al. Dried blood spots for Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae detection and serotyping among children < 5 years old in rural Mozambique. BMC Pediatr 2020; 20(1):326.
• Gladstone RA, Lo SW, Goater R, et al. Visualizing variation within Global Pneumococcal Sequence Clusters (GPSCs) and country population snapshots to contextualize pneumococcal isolates. Microb Genom. 2020;6(5):e000357.
• Kobayashi M, Bigogo G, Kim L, et al. Impact of 10-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Introduction on Pneumococcal Carriage and Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns Among Children Aged <5 Years and Adults With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: Kenya, 2009-2013. Clin Infect Dis. 2020; 70(5):814-826.
• Ganaie F, Saad JS, McGee L, et al. A New Pneumococcal Capsule Type, 10D, is the 100th Serotype and Has a Large cps Fragment from an Oral Streptococcus. mBio 2020;11(3):e00937-20.
• Ousmane S, Kobayashi M, Seidou I, et al. Characterization of pneumococcal meningitis before and after introduction of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Niger, 2010-2018. Vaccine. 2020; 38(23):3922-3929.
• Velusamy S, Tran T, Mongkolrattanothai T, et al. Expanded sequential quadriplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for identifying pneumococcal serotypes, penicillin susceptibility, and resistance markers. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2020; 97(2):115037.
• Varghese J, Chochua S, Tran T, et al. Multistate population and whole genome sequence-based strain surveillance of invasive pneumococci recovered in the USA during 2017. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2020;26(4):512.e1-512.e10.
• Li Y, Metcalf BJ, Chochua S, et al. Genome-wide association analyses of invasive pneumococcal isolates identify a missense bacterial mutation associated with meningitis. Nat Commun. 2019; 10(1):178.
• Massora S, Lessa FC, Moiane B, et al. Invasive disease potential of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes before and after 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction in a rural area, southern Mozambique. Vaccine. 2019; 37(51):7470-7477.
• Soeters HM, Kambiré D, Sawadogo G, et al. Impact of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on Pneumococcal Meningitis, Burkina Faso, 2016-2017. J Infect Dis. 2019; 220(220 Suppl 4):S253-S262.
• van Tonder AJ, Gladstone RA, Lo SW, et al. Putative novel cps loci in a large global collection of pneumococci. Microb Genom 2019; 5(7):e000274.
• Beall B, Chochua S, Gertz RE Jr, et al.  A Population-Based Descriptive Atlas of Invasive Pneumococcal Strains Recovered Within the U.S. During 2015-2016. Front Microbiol. 2018;9:2670.
• Verani JR, Massora S, Acácio S, et al. Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae among HIV-infected and -uninfected children <5 years of age before introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Mozambique. PLoS One. 2018;13:e0191113.
• Sigaúque B, Verani JR, Massora S, et al. Burden of invasive pneumococcal disease among children in rural Mozambique: 2001-2012. PLoS One. 2018;13:e0190687.
• Kambiré D, Soeters HM, Ouédraogo-Traoré R, et al. Early impact of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on pneumococcal meningitis-Burkina Faso, 2014-2015. J Infect. 2018;76:270–9.
• Hawkins PA, Akpaka PE, Nurse-Lucas M, et al. Antimicrobial resistance determinants and susceptibility profiles of pneumococcal isolates recovered in Trinidad and Tobago. J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2017;11:148–51.
• Li Y, Metcalf BJ, Chochua S, et al. Validation of β-lactam minimum inhibitory concentration predictions for pneumococcal isolates with newly encountered penicillin binding protein (PBP) sequences. BMC Genomics. 2017;18(1):621.
• Hawkins P, Mercado E, Chochua S, et al. Key features of invasive pneumococcal isolates recovered in Lima, Peru determined through whole genome sequencing. Int J Med Microbiol. 2017;307(7):415–21.
• Chochua S, Metcalf BJ, Li Z, Walker H, Tran T, McGee L, Beall B. Invasive serotype 35B pneumococci including an expanding serotype switch lineage, United States, 2015-2016. Emerg Infect Dis. 2017;23(6):922–30.
• Kobayashi M, Misegades L, Fleming-Dutra KE, et al. Pneumococcal serotype 5 colonization prevalence among newly arrived unaccompanied children 1 year after an outbreak-Texas, 2015. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2017;36(2):236–8.
• Kobayashi M, Conklin LM, Bigogo G, et al. Pneumococcal carriage and antibiotic susceptibility patterns from two cross-sectional colonization surveys among children aged <5 years prior to the introduction of 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine – Kenya, 2009-2010. BMC Infect Dis. 2017;17(1):25.
• Andam CP, Mitchell PK, Callendrello A, et al. Genomic epidemiology of penicillin non-susceptible pneumococci with non-vaccine serotypes causing invasive disease in the USA. J Clin Microbiol. 2017;55(4):1104–15.
• Metcalf BJ, Chochua S, Gertz RE Jr, et al. Using whole genome sequencing to identify resistance determinants and predict antimicrobial resistance phenotypes for year 2015 invasive pneumococcal disease isolates recovered in the United States. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2016;22(12):1002.e1–8.
• Kambiré D, Soeters HM, Ouédraogo-Traoré R, et al. Nationwide trends in bacterial meningitis before the introduction of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine—Burkina Faso, 2011–2013. PLoS One. 2016;11(11):e0166384.
• Chaguza C, Cornick JE, Harris SR, et al. Understanding pneumococcal serotype 1 biology through population genomic analysis. BMC Infect Dis. 2016;16(1):649.
• Pinto TC, Kegele FC, Dias CA, et al. Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 9 and 14 circulating in Brazil over a 23-year period prior to introduction of the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: Role of international clones in the evolution of antimicrobial resistance and description of a novel genotype. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2016;60(11):6664–72.
• Hampton LM, Bigogo G, Jagero G, et al. Evaluation of urine pneumococcal antigen test performance among adults in Western Kenya. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2016;85(4):405–8.
• Tomczyk S, Arriola CS, Beall B, et al. Multistate outbreak of respiratory infections among unaccompanied children, June 2014-July 2014. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;63(1):48–56.
• Kim L, McGee L, Tomczyk S, Beall B. Biological and epidemiological features of antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in re- and post-conjugate vaccine eras: a United States erspective. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2016;29(3):525–52.
• Li Y, Metcalf BJ, Chochua S, et al. Penicillin-binding protein transpeptidase signatures for tracking and predicting β-Lactam resistance levels in Streptococcus pneumoniae. MBio. 2016;7(3). pii: e00756–16.
• Keenan JD, Sahlu I, McGee L, et al. Nasopharyngeal pneumococcal serotypes before and after mass azithromycin distributions for trachoma. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2016;5(2):222–6.
• Tomczyk S, Lynfield R, Schaffner W, et al. Prevention of antibiotic-nonsusceptible invasive pneumococcal disease with the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;62(9):1119–25.
• Moore MR, Link-Gelles R, Schaffner W, et al. Effectiveness of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease in children in the USA: a matched case-control study. Lancet Respir Med. 2016;4(5):399–406.
• Nurse-Lucas M, McGee L, Hawkins PA, Swanston WH, Akpaka PE. Serotypes and genotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from Trinidad and Tobago. Int J Infect Dis. 2016;46:100–6.
• Moïsi JC, Moore M, Carvalho Mda G, et al. Enhanced diagnosis of pneumococcal bacteremia ssing antigen- and molecular-based tools on blood specimens in Mali and Thailand: A prospective surveillance study. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2016;94(2):267–75.
• Menezes AP, Azevedo J, Leite MC, et al. Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae among children in an urban setting in Brazil prior to PCV10 introduction. Vaccine. 2016;34(6):791–7.
• Metcalf BJ, Gertz RE Jr, Gladstone RA, et al. Strain features and distributions in pneumococci from children with invasive disease before and after 13-valent conjugate vaccine implementation in the USA. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2016;22(1):60.e9–29.
• Desai AP, Sharma D, Crispell EK, et al. Decline in pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage of vaccine serotypes after the introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children in Atlanta, Georgia. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2015;34(11):1168–74.
• dos Santos MS, Azevedo J, Menezes AP, et al. Temporal trends and clonal diversity of penicillin non-susceptible pneumococci from meningitis cases from 1996 to 2012, in Salvador, Brazil. BMC Infect Dis. 2015;15:302.
• Hawkins PA, Chochua S, Jackson D, Beall B, McGee L. Mobile elements and chromosomal changes associated with MLS resistance phenotypes of invasive pneumococci recovered in the United States. Microb Drug Resist. 2015;21(2):121–9.
• Keenan JD, Klugman KP, McGee L, et al. Evidence for clonal expansion after antibiotic selection pressure: pneumococcal multilocus sequence types before and after mass azithromycin treatments. J Infect Dis. 2015;211(6):988–94.
• Moore MR, Link-Gelles R, Schaffner W, et al. Effect of use of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children on invasive pneumococcal disease in children and adults in the USA: analysis of multisite, population-based surveillance. Lancet Infect Dis. 2015;15(3):301–9.

Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus)

• Safari D, Gultom SM, Tafroji W, et al. Prevalence, serotype and antibiotic susceptibility of Group B Streptococcus isolated from pregnant women in Jakarta, Indonesia. PLoS One. 2021; 16(5):e0252328.
• Kobayashi M, McGee L, Chochua S, et al. Low but Increasing Prevalence of Reduced Beta-lactam Susceptibility Among Invasive Group B Streptococcal Isolates, US Population-Based Surveillance, 1998-2018. Open Forum Infect Dis 2020; 8(2):ofaa634.
• Ali MM, Woldeamanuel Y, Asrat D, et al. Features of Streptococcus agalactiae strains recovered from pregnant women and newborns attending different hospitals in Ethiopia. BMC Infect Dis. 2020; 20(1):848.
• McGee L, Chochua S, Li Z, et al. Multistate, Population-Based Distributions of Candidate Vaccine Targets, Clonal Complexes, and Resistance Features of Invasive Group B Streptococci Within the United States, 2015-2017. Clin Infect Dis. 2021; 72(6):1004-1013
• Francois Watkins LK, McGee L, Schrag SJ, et al. Epidemiology of Invasive Group B Streptococcal Infections Among Nonpregnant Adults in the United States, 2008-2016. JAMA Intern Med. 2019; 179(4):479-488.
• Nanduri SA, Petit S, Smelser C, et al. Epidemiology of Invasive Early-Onset and Late-Onset Group B Streptococcal Disease in the United States, 2006 to 2015: Multistate Laboratory and Population-Based Surveillance. JAMA Pediatr. 2019; 173(3):224-233.
• Sigaúque B, Kobayashi M, Vubil D, et al. Invasive bacterial disease trends and characterization of group B streptococcal isolates among young infants in southern Mozambique, 2001-2015. PLoS One. 2018;13:e0191193.
• Buser GL, Mató S, Zhang AY, Metcalf BJ, Beall B, Thomas AR. Notes from the field: Late-onset infant group B Streptococcus infection associated with maternal consumption of capsules containing dehydrated placenta – Oregon, 2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2017;66(25):677–8.
• Hawkins PA, Law CS, Metcalf BJ, et al. Cross-resistance to lincosamides, streptogramins A and pleuromutilins in Streptococcus agalactiae isolates from the USA. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2017;72(7):1886–92.
• Metcalf B, Chochua, S, Gertz R, et al. Short-read whole genome sequencing for determination of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms and capsular serotypes of current invasive Streptococcus agalactiae recovered in the United States. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2017;23(8):574.e7–14.
• Srinivasan V, Metcalf BJ, Knipe KM, et al. vanG element insertions within a conserved chromosomal site conferring vancomycin resistance to Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus anginosus. MBio. 2014;5(4):e01386–14.
• Verani JR, Spina NL, Lynfield R, et al. Early-onset group B streptococcal disease in the United States: potential for further reduction. Obstet Gynecol. 2014;123(4):828–37.
• Diaz MH, Waller JL, Napoliello RA, et al. Optimization of multiple pathogen detection using the TaqMan Array Card: Application for a population-based study of neonatal infection. PLoS One. 2013;8(6):e66183.
• Jorgensen JH, McElmeel ML, Fulcher LC, et al. Collaborative evaluation of an erythromycin-clindamycin combination well for detection of inducible clindamycin resistance in beta-hemolytic streptococci by use of the CLSI broth microdilution method. J Clin Microbiol. 2011;49(8):2884–6.
• Verani JR, McGee L, Schrag SJ. Prevention of perinatal group B streptococcal disease–revised guidelines from CDC, 2010. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2010;59(RR-10):1–36.
• Dahesh S, Hensler ME, Van Sorge NM, et al. Point mutation in the group B streptococcal pbp2x gene conferring decreased susceptibility to beta-lactam antibiotics. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008;52(8):2915–8.

Other Streptococci

• Ouattara M, Tamboura M, Kambire D, et al. Identification of Streptococcus suis Meningitis by Direct Triplex Real-Time PCR, Burkina Faso.  Emerg Infect Dis. 2020; 26(9):2223-2226
• Shewmaker PL, Whitney AM, Gulvik CA, et al. Vagococcus bubulae sp. nov., isolated from ground beef, and Vagococcus vulneris sp. nov., isolated from a human foot wound. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2019; 69(8):2268-2276.
• Pimenta F, Gertz RE Jr, Park SH, et al. Streptococcus infantis, Streptococcus mitis, and Streptococcus oralis Strains With Highly Similar cps5 Loci and Antigenic Relatedness to Serotype 5 Pneumococci. Front Microbiol  2019; 9:3199.
• Lessa FC, Milucky J, Rouphael NG, et al. Streptococcus mitis Expressing Pneumococcal Serotype 1 Capsule. Sci Rep. 2018; 8(1):17959.
• Srinivasan V, McGee L, Njanpop-Lafourcade BM, Moïsi J, Beall B. Species-specific real-time PCR assay for the detection of Streptococcus suis from clinical specimens. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2016;85(2):131–2.
• Shewmaker PL, Whitney AM, Humrighouse BW. Phenotypic, genotypic, and antimicrobial characteristics of Streptococcus halichoeri isolates from humans, proposal to rename Streptococcus halichoeri as Streptococcus halichoeri subsp. halichoeri, and description of Streptococcus halichoeri subsp. hominis subsp. nov., a bacterium associated with human clinical infections. J Clin Microbiol. 2016;54(3):739–44.
• Gruszynski K, Young A, Levine SJ, et al. Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus infections associated with guinea pigs. Emerg Infect Dis. 2015;21(1):156–8.
• Srinivasan V, Gertz RE Jr, Shewmaker PL, et al. Using PCR-based detection and genotyping to trace Streptococcus salivarius meningitis outbreak strain to oral flora of radiology physician assistant. PLoS One. 2012;7(2):e32169.
• Counihan-Edgar KL, Gill VA, Doroff AM, et al. Genotypic characterization of Streptococcus infantarius subsp. coli isolates from sea otters with infective endocarditis and/or septicemia and from environmental mussel samples. J Clin Microbiol. 2012;50(12):4131–3.
• Shewmaker PL, Steigerwalt AG, Whitney AM, et al. Evaluation of methods for identification and determination of the taxonomic status of strains belonging to the Streptococcus porcinus-Streptococcus pseudoporcinus complex isolated from animal, human, and dairy sources. J Clin Microbiol. 2012;50(11):3591–7
• Shewmaker PL, Gertz RE Jr, Kim CY, et al. Streptococcus salivarius meningitis case strain traced to oral flora of anesthesiologist. J Clin Microbiol. 2010;48(7):2589–91.