Newly Diagnosed Patients

The baseline initial examination should include:

1. A complete medical history, including possible exposure to the vector in endemic settings, history of blood transfusions, mother’s history, and a review of systems (see below);
2. A complete physical examination; and
3. A resting 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) with a 30-second lead II rhythm strip.

The review of systems should focus on symptoms that can be characteristic of chronic Chagas disease, which include

• Symptoms suggestive of conduction system disease or arrhythmias, such as palpitations, syncope, presyncope, or dizziness;
• Symptoms or signs of congestive heart failure, such as dyspnea, decreased exercise tolerance, and/or peripheral edema;
• Symptoms compatible with thromboembolic phenomena; and
• GI symptoms, such as dysphagia, odynophagia, weight loss, prolonged constipation.

Additional examinations (such as echocardiogram, 24-hour ambulatory ECG monitoring, and barium studies of the esophagus or colon) may be performed at the clinician’s discretion if indicated by the patient’s symptoms or signs.

Patients should be counseled not to donate blood. If the patient has family members with a similar history of possible exposure to the parasite in endemic settings, they should be tested. All children born to an infected woman should be tested for the disease.

For additional information on clinical aspects of Chagas disease, contact CDC’s Parasitic Diseases Inquiries (404-718-4745; e-mail chagas@cdc.gov).

Guidance for Evaluation and Treatment

For more detailed information on evaluation and treatment, the following link provides free access to a review article:
Evaluation and Treatment of Chagas Disease in the United States: A Systematic ReviewExternal (JAMA 2007: 298:2171-81)*