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Architecture of the gas exchange region of the lungs.

Mercer RR; Crapo JD

Comparative biology of the normal lung, second edition. Parent RA, ed. Waltham, MA: Elsevier Inc., 2015 Apr; :93-104

https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-404577-4.00008-4

20047045

The architectural arrangement of the small airways and distal gas-exchange region in the lungs is obviously critical in determining the sites of deposition of gases and particles, as well as in subsequent tissue responses due to injury. In this chapter. we will cover the results of quantitative determination of the structure of the small airways and gas-exchange regions of the lungs. Because extrapolation of experimental studies in laboratory animals to the adverse health effect in humans is a central interest, we will be particularly interested in comparing the structure of the gas-exchange region of different species and the implications that these differences in structure have on dosimetry. The complex architecture of the pulmonary airway system has made the calculation of dose of inhaled pollutants delivered to specific sites in different species a difficult process. This difficulty is particularly apparent in the lack of structural data describing the gas-exchange regions of the lungs where low level, chronic exposures to reactive gases and aerosols have their most significant effects. The focus on injury in the gas-exchange region has been demonstrated lor inhaled oxidant gases (Crapo et al.. 1984). asbestos ll'inkerton et al.. 1986), silica (Scabilloni et al., 2005), and newly developed nanomaterials such as titanium dioxide (McKinney et al., 2012) and carbon nanotubes illoner et al., 2012; Mercer et al.. 2013).

Lung; Lung-function; Air-flow; Gases; Particulates; Pulmonary-system; Respiratory-gases; Aerosols; Animals; Laboratory-animals; Author Keywords: Acinus; Alveolar ducts; Dosimetry; Gas-exchange region; Ventilatory units

20150401

Chapter

Parent RA

2015

9780124045774

HELD

Manufacturing

Comparative biology of the normal lung, second edition

ME; MA; WV