Cardiolipin asymmetry, oxidation and signaling.
Authors
Kagan-VE; Chu-CT; Tyurina-YY; Cheikhi-A; Bayir-H
Source
Chem Phys Lipids 2014 Apr; 179:64-69
Abstract
Cardiolipins (CLs) are ancient and unusual dimeric phospholipids localized in the plasma membrane of bacteria and in the inner mitochondrial membrane of eukaryotes. In mitochondria, two types of asymmetries--trans-membrane and molecular--are essential determinants of CL functions. In this review, we describe CL-based signaling mitochondrial pathways realized via modulation of trans-membrane asymmetry and leading to externalization and peroxidation of CLs in mitophagy and apoptosis, respectively. We discuss possible mechanisms of CL translocations from the inner leaflet of the inner to the outer leaflet of the outer mitochondrial membranes. We present redox reaction mechanisms of cytochrome c-catalyzed CL peroxidation as a required stage in the execution of apoptosis. We also emphasize the significance of CL-related metabolic pathways as new targets for drug discovery. Finally, a remarkable diversity of polyunsaturated CL species and their oxidation products have evolved in eukaryotes vs. prokaryotes. This diversity--associated with CL molecular asymmetry--is presented as the basis for mitochondrial communications language.
Keywords
Molecular-structure; Phospholipids; Mammalian-cells; Oxidation; Biological-function; Bacteria; Plasma-membrane;
Author Keywords: Cardiolipin; Cardiolipin asymmetry; Cardiolipin oxidation mitochondria; Mitophagy; Apoptosis
Contact
Valerian E. Kagan, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Bridgeside Point, 100 Technology Drive, Suite 350, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
Document Type
Journal Article
Email Address
kagan@pitt.edu
Identifying No.
Grant-Number-R01-OH-008282; M102014
Source Name
Chemistry and Physics of Lipids
Performing Organization
University of Pittsburgh at Pittsburgh
