This special issue is in honor of the career contributions of Dr. Vincent M. Ciriello, recently retired from the Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety. Dr. Vincent Ciriello graduated with a Bachelors in Biology, Masters in Health Dynamics, and Doctorate in Applied Anatomy and Physiology, all degrees from Boston University, Boston, USA. Dr. Ciriello conducted research investigations in psychophysics and low-back and upper extremity musculoskeletal health and disorders for 44 years. Dr. Ciriello's research resulted in the internationally recognized "psychophysical tables" (the "Snook and Ciriello Tables", 1991) and advanced our understanding of the acute responses of industrial populations, with and without low-back pain, to materials handling and other physical stimuli. The psychophysical findings were foundational to the 1981 and 1991 NIOSH Lifting Equations as well as the ISO11228, Manual Materials Handling part 2-Pushing and Pulling standard. Both tools are used globally to address the significant burden of materials handling injuries in occupational settings. The heart of Dr. Ciriello's contributions was the improvement of the ergonomics and safety of workplaces around the world. The psychophysical tables gave practitioners the scientific evidence base to assess workplace manual materials handling risk with the goal of implementing ergonomics design interventions that improve workplace safety and productivity. The title of the journal articles published by Snook in 1978 and Snook and Ciriello in 1991 says it all: "The Design of Manual Handling Tasks". What many might not know is that Drs. Snook and Ciriello developed a set of proprietary tables used internally by Liberty Mutual Loss Prevention field consultants for many years based on the same research as published in the articles. The output of these tables were population percentages for males and females able to perform the task, rather than the maximum acceptable weights and forces. In 1978, a document titled "Manual Materials Handling Task Evaluation Ergonomic Tables" was released within Liberty Mutual's loss prevention department and, in 1991, the revised research led to a revised tool called "Manual Materials Handling: Ergonomic Tables". This document was later developed into an internal computer application called CompuTask. These tables are now openly available as an on-line calculator on the Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety website as the "Liberty Mutual Tables". This calculator is but one of many manual materials handling calculators developed by practitioners around the world based on the work of Snook and Ciriello. It is impossible to know how many jobs are now safer because of their work, but it is significant. We are very grateful the contributions of Drs. Snook and Ciriello.
Links with this icon indicate that you are leaving the CDC website.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website.
Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website.
You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link.
CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private website.
For more information on CDC's web notification policies, see Website Disclaimers.
CDC.gov Privacy Settings
We take your privacy seriously. You can review and change the way we collect information below.
These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. They help us to know which pages are the most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site. All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance.
Cookies used to make website functionality more relevant to you. These cookies perform functions like remembering presentation options or choices and, in some cases, delivery of web content that based on self-identified area of interests.
Cookies used to track the effectiveness of CDC public health campaigns through clickthrough data.
Cookies used to enable you to share pages and content that you find interesting on CDC.gov through third party social networking and other websites. These cookies may also be used for advertising purposes by these third parties.
Thank you for taking the time to confirm your preferences. If you need to go back and make any changes, you can always do so by going to our Privacy Policy page.