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Popcorn flavoring effects on reactivity of rat airways in vivo and in vitro.

Zaccone EJ; Thompson JA; Ponnoth DS; Cumpston AM; Goldsmith WT; Jackson MC; Kashon ML; Frazer DG; Hubbs AF; Shimko MJ; Fedan JS

J Toxicol Environ Health A 2013 Aug; 76(11):669-689

https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2013.796302

20043070

"Popcorn workers' lung" is an obstructive pulmonary disease produced by inhalation of volatile artificial butter flavorings. In rats, inhalation of diacetyl, a major component of butter flavoring, and inhalation of a diacetyl substitute, 2,3-pentanedione, produce similar damage to airway epithelium. The effects of diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione and mixtures of diacetyl, acetic acid, and acetoin, all components of butter flavoring, on pulmonary function and airway reactivity to methacholine (MCh) were investigated. Lung resistance (RL) and dynamic compliance (Cdyn) were negligibly changed 18 h after a 6-h inhalation exposure to diacetyl or 2,3-pentanedione (100-360 ppm). Reactivity to MCh was not markedly changed after diacetyl, but was modestly decreased after 2,3-pentanedione inhalation. Inhaled diacetyl exerted essentially no effect on reactivity to mucosally applied MCh, but 2,3-pentanedione (320 and 360 ppm) increased reactivity to MCh in the isolated, perfused trachea preparation (IPT). In IPT, diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione (=3 mM) applied to the serosal and mucosal surfaces of intact and epithelium-denuded tracheas initiated transient contractions followed by relaxations. Inhaled acetoin (150 ppm) exerted no effect on pulmonary function and airway reactivity in vivo; acetic acid (27 ppm) produced hyperreactivity to MCh; and exposure to diacetyl + acetoin + acetic acid (250 + 150 + 27 ppm) led to a diacetyl-like reduction in reactivity. Data suggest that the effects of 2,3-pentanedione on airway reactivity are greater than those of diacetyl, and that flavorings are airway smooth muscle relaxants and constrictors, thus indicating a complex mechanism.

Pulmonary-system; Pulmonary-system-disorders; Pulmonary-function; Pulmonary-disorders; Food-additives; Inhalants; Animals; Laboratory-animals; Respiratory-irritants; Respiration; Respiratory-system-disorders

Jeffrey S. Fedan, NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505

JTEHD6

431-03-8; 600-14-6; 64-19-7; 513-86-0

20130813

Journal Article

jsf2@cdc.gov

2013

M082013

11

1528-7394

HELD

Manufacturing

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A: Current Issues

WV