A qualitative examination of health and health care utilization after the September 11th terror attacks among World Trade Center Health Registry enrollees.
Authors
Welch-AE; Caramanica-K; Debchoudhury-I; Pulizzi-A; Farfel-MR; Stellman-SD; Cone-JE
Source
BMC Public Health 2012 Aug; 12:721
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Many individuals who have 9/11-related physical and mental health symptoms do not use or are unaware of 9/11-related health care services despite extensive education and outreach efforts by the World Trade Center (WTC) Health Registry (the Registry) and various other organizations. This study sought to evaluate Registry enrollees' perceptions of the relationship between physical and mental health outcomes and 9/11, as well as utilization of and barriers to 9/11-related health care services. METHODS: Six focus groups were conducted in January 2010 with diverse subgroups of enrollees, who were likely eligible for 9/11-related treatment services. The 48 participants were of differing race/ethnicities, ages, and boroughs of residence. Qualitative analysis of focus group transcripts was conducted using open coding and the identification of recurring themes. RESULTS: Participants described a variety of physical and mental symptoms and conditions, yet their knowledge and utilization of 9/11 health care services were low. Participants highlighted numerous barriers to accessing 9/11 services, including programmatic barriers (lack of program visibility and accessibility), personal barriers such as stigmatization and unfamiliarity with 9/11-related health problems and services, and a lack of referrals from their primary care providers. Moreover, many participants were reluctant to connect their symptoms to the events of 9/11 due to lack of knowledge, the amount of time that had elapsed since 9/11, and the attribution of current health symptoms to the aging process. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of the barriers to 9/11-related health care has led to improvements in the Registry's ability to refer eligible enrollees to appropriate treatment programs. These findings highlight areas for consideration in the implementation of the new federal WTC Health Program, now funded under the James Zadroga 9/11 Health and Compensation Act (PL 111-347), which includes provisions for outreach and education.
Keywords
Public-health; Emergency-response; Mental-health; Physiological-effects; Education; Health-care; Health-programs; Group-behavior; Group-dynamics; Medical-treatment; Health-surveys; Health-services; Qualitative-analysis; Humans; Psychological-responses; Surveillance-programs; Behavior; Decision-making; Attitude; Health-hazards; Hazardous-materials;
Author Keywords: September 11, 2001; 9/11; World Trade Center Health Registry; Health care utilization; Barriers to care; Focus groups
Contact
Alice E Welch, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, 42-09 28th Street, Long Island City, NY, 11101, USA
Document Type
Journal Article
Email Address
awelch1@health.nyc.gov
Funding Type
Cooperative Agreement; Grant
Identifying No.
Cooperative-Agreement-Number-U50-OH-009739; Grant-Number-E11-OH-009630
Source Name
BMC Public Health
Performing Organization
New York City Health/Mental Hygiene
