Maternal low-level lead exposure and fetal growth.
Authors
Zhu M; Fitzgerald EF; Gelberg KH; Lin S; Druchel CM
Source
Environ Health Perspect 2010 Oct; 118(10):1471-1475
Abstract
Background: Limited epidemiologic studies have examined the association between maternal low-level lead exposure [blood lead (PbB) < 10 ug/dL] and fetal growth. Objective: We examined whether maternal low-level lead exposure is associated with decreased fetal growth. Methods: We linked New York State Heavy Metals Registry records of women who had PbB measurements with birth certificates to identify 43,288 mother-infant pairs in upstate New York in a retrospective cohort study from 2003 through 2005. We used multiple linear regression with fractional polynomials and logistic regression to relate birth weight, preterm delivery, and small for gestational age to PbB levels, adjusting for potential confounders. We used a closed-test procedure to identify the best fractional polynomials for PbB among 44 combinations. Results: We found a statistically significant association between PbB (square root transformed) and birth weight. Relative to 0 ug/dL, PbBs of 5 and 10 ug/dL were associated with an average of 61-g and 87-g decrease in birth weight, respectively. The adjusted odds ratio for PbBs between 3.1 and 9.9 ug/dL (highest quartile) was 1.04 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.89-1.22] for preterm delivery and 1.07 (95% CI, 0.93-1.23) for small for gestational age, relative to PbBs _< 1 ug/dL (lowest quartile). No clear dose.response trends were evident when all of the quartiles were assessed. Conclusions: Low-level PbB was associated with a small risk of decreased birth weight with a supralinear dose.response relationship, but was not related to preterm birth or small for gestational age. The results have important implications regarding maternal PbB.
Keywords
Epidemiology; Pregnancy; Prenatal-exposure; Exposure-levels; Lead-compounds; Fetus; Growth-rate; Statistical-analysis; Weight-measurement; Weight-factors;
Author Keywords: birth weight; blood lead; epidemiology; fetal growth; low-level lead exposure; pregnancy; preterm birth; small for gestational age
Contact
Motao Zhu, West Virginia University, Department of Community Medicine, White Birch Towers, 4th Floor, 1299 Pineview Dr., Morgantown, West Virginia 26505
Document Type
Journal Article
Email Address
mzhu@hsc.wvu.edu
Funding Type
Cooperative Agreement
Identifying No.
Cooperative-Agreement-Number-U60-OH-008474
Source Name
Environmental Health Perspectives
Performing Organization
New York State Department of Health/Health Research Incorporated
