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Aliphatic hydrocarbons.

Authors
Carreon T; Herrick RS
Source
Patty's toxicology, 6th edition. Bingham E, Cohrssen B, Patty FA, eds., Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2012 Mar; 2:1-102
Link
https://doi.org/10.1002/0471435139.tox049.pub2
NIOSHTIC No.
20041398
Abstract
Aliphatic hydrocarbons are open-chain compounds that may be saturated or unsaturated. The saturated compounds, known as paraffin hydrocarbons or alkanes, include methane and its homologs having the empirical formula CnH2n+2. The unsaturated compounds fall into a number of homologous series: (1) those containing one double bond (ethylene and its homologs) and having the formula CnH2n are known as olefins or alkenes; (2) those containing one triple bond (acetylene and its homologs) are called acetylenes or alkynes and have the formula CnH2n-2'; (3) those having two double bonds (allene, 1,3-butadiene and 1,4-pentadiene represent three types) are diolefins or alkadienes and also have the formula CnH2n-2'; (4) those having a large number of double or triple bonds or both double and triple bonds are named in analogous fashion as alkatrienes, alkatetraenes, alkadiynes, alkenynes, and alkadienynes. Aliphatic hydrocarbons are asphyxiants and central nervous system (CNS) depressants. Serious toxic effects of aliphatic hydrocarbons include asphyxia and chemical pneumonitis for many paraffins, axonal neuropathy for n-hexane, and cancer for 1,3-butadiene.
Keywords
Organic-compounds; Hydrocarbons; Nitrogen-compounds; Chemical-structure; Aliphatic-compounds; Aliphatic-hydrocarbons; Paraffin-compounds; Methanes; Ethylenes; Olefins; Alkenes; Butadienes; Central-nervous-system; Central-nervous-system-disorders; Cancer; Pulmonary-system-disorders; Respiratory-system-disorders; Lung-disease; Lung-disorders; Author Keywords: aliphatic hydrocarbons; alkanes; alkenes; alkynes; epidemiologic studies; exposure limits; higher; worldwide
CAS No.
74-82-8; 74-85-1; 74-86-2; 106-99-0; 591-93-5
Publication Date
20120301
Document Type
Chapter
Editors
Bingham-E; Cohrssen-B; Patty-FA
Fiscal Year
2012
ISBN No.
9781118165805
Identifying No.
B09112012
NIOSH Division
DSHEFS
Source Name
Patty's toxicology, 6th edition
State
NJ; OH
Page last reviewed: May 11, 2023
Content source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Education and Information Division