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Fractionation of swine barn dust and assessment of its impact on the respiratory tract following repeated airway exposure.

Cleave J; Willson PJ; Town J; Gordon JR

J Toxicol Environ Health, A 2010 Apr; 73(16):1090-1101

https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2010.482916

20038827

The effects of repeated exposure to a range of doses of swine barn dust (SBD) on airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and inflammation were evaluated using a mouse model system. A number of components, including endotoxin and a number of feed proteins, were identified in SBD, and mice were exposed 20 min/d for 14 d to a log dilution series of nebulized SBD suspensions. AHR to methacholine was measured using head-out whole-body plethysmography, and the methacholine concentration inducing a 20% decrease in pulmonary airflow (PC20 MCh) was calculated. At the end of the 14-d exposure period, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids were recovered, cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1ß, IL-6, keratinocyte-derived chemokine [KC], and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]) in BAL were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and leukocytes in BAL were counted. The PC20 MCh was significantly lower in the group of mice that were exposed to the highest concentration of SBD than in controls or the group exposed to the lowest level of dust. Likewise, the group that was exposed to the highest level of SBD had significantly higher levels of IL-1ß, KC, and TNF than controls and some other groups. There were substantially more lymphocytes and monocytes in the BAL from mice that were exposed to the higher levels of SBD for the 14-d period, but neutrophils were not a part of this response. The SBD exposures used in these experiments induced chronic inflammatory phenotype responses, as indicated by the predominance of lymphocytes and monocytes, but not neutrophils, in BAL and by inflammatory cytokines detected. The association between the PC20MCh and dose of SBD suggests that a threshold of susceptibility occurs after a relatively low, chronic exposure to SBD.

Agricultural-industry; Agriculture; Dust-exposure; Dust-inhalation; Environmental-factors; Exposure-assessment; Exposure-levels; Laboratory-animals; Laboratory-testing; Lung-disorders; Lung-irritants; Microbiology; Microscopic-analysis; Particle-aerodynamics; Particulate-dust; Pulmonary-system-disorders; Quantitative-analysis; Respiratory-hypersensitivity; Respiratory-irritants; Risk-analysis; Statistical-analysis; Workplace-studies

Philip J. Willson, DVM, PhD, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, 120 Veterinary Road, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5E3

JTEHD6

20100401

Journal Article

philip.willson@usask.ca

Grant

2010

Grant-Number-R13-OH-009571

16

1528-7394

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A: Current Issues

WI

Marshfield Clinic