NIOSHTIC-2 Publications Search

Mortality and end-stage renal disease incidence among dry cleaning workers.

Calvert GM; Ruder AM; Petersen MR

Occup Environ Med 2011 Oct; 68(10):709-716

https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.2010.060665

20038117

OBJECTIVE: Perchloroethylene (PCE) is a known animal carcinogen and probable human carcinogen. Dry cleaning exposures, particularly PCE, are also associated with renal toxicity. The objective was to follow-up a cohort of dry cleaners to evaluate mortality and assess end-stage renal disease (ESRD) morbidity. METHODS: This study adds 8 years of mortality follow-up for 1704 dry cleaning workers in four cities. Employees eligible for inclusion worked for >/=1 year before 1960 in a shop using PCE as the primary solvent. Life table analyses for mortality and ESRD morbidity were conducted. Only employees alive on 1 January 1977 were included in ESRD analyses. RESULTS: Overall cancer deaths were in significant excess in this cohort (standardised mortality ratio (SMR) 1.22, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.36). Oesophageal, lung and tongue cancers had significant excesses of deaths. Oesophageal cancer risk was highest among those employed in a PCE-using shop for >/=5 years with >/=20 years' latency since first such employment. Deaths from non-malignant underlying diseases of the stomach and duodenum were in significant excess. Hypertensive ESRD morbidity was significantly elevated in the entire cohort (standardised incidence ratio (SIR) 1.98, 95% CI 1.11 to 3.27), and among workers employed only in PCE-using dry cleaning shops for >/=5 years. CONCLUSION: Employment in the dry cleaning industry and occupational exposure to PCE are associated with an increased risk for ESRD and for cancer at several sites. The employment duration findings for oesophageal cancer and hypertensive ESRD further support an association with PCE exposure instead of lifestyle or socioeconomic factors.

Renal-toxicity; Ethylenes; Dry-cleaning-solvents; Carcinogens; Dry-cleaning-industry; Mortality-data; Cancer; Morbidity-rates; Risk-analysis; Solvents; Hypersensitivity; Occupational-exposure; Mortality-rates; Statistical-analysis; Kidney-disorders; Surveillance-programs

Geoffrey M Calvert, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, R-17, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA

OEMEEM

127-18-4

20111001

Journal Article

jac6@cdc.gov

2012

10

1351-0711

DSHEFS

Construction

Occupational and Environmental Medicine

OH