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Bromide and N-acetyl-S-(n-propyl)-l-cysteine in urine from workers exposed to 1-bromopropane solvents from vapor degreasing or adhesive manufacturing.

Hanley KW; Petersen MR; Cheever KL; Luo L

Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2010 Jun; 83(5):571-584

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-010-0524-4

20036563

Objectives: 1-Bromopropane (1-BP) is an alternative for ozone depleting and other solvents; it is used in aerosol products, adhesives, and cleaning solvents. There is concern that 1-BP may be a reproductive and neurological toxicant. Mercapturic acid conjugates are excreted in urine from 1-BP metabolism involving debromination. The main objectives were to evaluate urinary bromide [Br(-)] and N-acetyl-S-(n-propyl)-L-cysteine (AcPrCys) for assessing 1-BP exposure in workers with low exposure. Methods: Workers' 1-BP exposures were measured in their breathing zones with gas chromatography-flame ionization detection via NIOSH 1025. Urine specimens were obtained over a 48-h period at five facilities using vapor degreasers and one adhesive manufacturer. All of the workers' urine was collected into composite samples and analyzed separately representing daily time intervals: at work, after work but before bedtime, and upon awakening. Urinary metabolites were analyzed using intra-coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy for Br(-), and high-performance liquid chromatography and electro-spray ionization mass spectroscopy for AcPrCys. Results: Time-weighted average (TWA) geometric mean (GM) breathing zone concentrations of 1-BP at vapor degreasing facilities were 2.6 and 0.31 ppm, respectively, for workers near degreasers and those remote from degreasers. Urine metabolites showed the same trend as TWA exposures: higher levels were observed for workers near degreasers (48-h GM Br(-) = 8.9 vs. 3.7; 48-h GM AcPrCys = 1.3 vs. 0.12, respectively). Associations of Br(-) and AcPrCys concentrations with 1-BP TWA were statistically significant near degreasers (p\0.01). Conclusions This study shows that urinary Br(-) and AcPrCys are useful biomarkers of workers' 1-BP exposures using analyses sensitive enough to measure low exposure jobs.

Adhesives; Aerosol-particles; Biological-effects; Chemical-hypersensitivity; Chemical-properties; Excretion; Excretory-system; Exposure-assessment; Exposure-levels; Exposure-methods; Fumes; Metabolism; Metabolites; Nerve-function; Neurological-system; Neurotoxic-effects; Occupational-exposure; Occupational-hazards; Occupational-health; Physiological-factors; Physiological-testing; Reproductive-effects; Reproductive-hazards; Reproductive-system; Solvents; Solvent-vapors; Statistical-analysis; Toxic-effects; Urinalysis; Urine-chemistry; Vapors; Work-environment; Work-operations; Author Keywords: 1-Bromopropane; Vapor degreasing; Urine; Bromide; N-acetyl-S-(n-propyl)-L-cysteine

Kevin William Hanley, CDC, NIOSH, DSHEFS, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226

IAEHDW

10028-15-6; 106-94-5

20100601

Journal Article

KHanley@cdc.gov

Interagency Agreement

2010

5

0340-0131

DSHEFS; DART

International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health

OH