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Iron overload and its association with cancer risk in humans: evidence for iron as a carcinogenic metal.

Huang X

Mutat Res 2003 Dec; 533(1-2):153-171

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2003.08.023

20029191

Unlike arsenic, chromium, or nickel, the carcinogenicity of iron is still under debate. In this review, evidence for iron as a carcinogenic metal was summarized from epidemiological, animal, and cell culture studies. The role of iron in various cancers, such as colorectal cancer and liver cancer was presented. Recent advancements on the molecular mechanisms of iron carcinogenesis were also reviewed. These include: (1) iron autoxidation involving only Fe(2+)+O2 in oxidant formation in biological systems and its pH dependency; (2) activation of oxidative responsive transcription factors and pro-inflammatory cytokines; and (3) iron-induced hypoxia signaling.

Cancer; Humans; Risk-factors; Risk-analysis; Metal-compounds; Metals; Iron-compounds; Carcinogenicity; Carcinogenesis; Carcinogens; Cell-cultures; Epidemiology; Animals; Animal-studies

Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU Cancer Institute, NYU School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA

MUREAV

7439-89-6

20031210

Journal Article

xihuang@env.med.nyu.edu

638746

Grant

2004

Grant-Number-R01-OH-003561

1-2

0027-5107

Mutation Research

NY

New York University Medical Center, New York, New York