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Effect of vehicles and sodium lauryl sulphate on xenobiotic permeability and stratum corneum partitioning in porcine skin.

van der Merwea D; Riviere JE

Toxicology 2005 Jan; 206(3):325-335

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2004.07.011

20025944

Dermal contact with potentially toxic agricultural and industrial chemicals is a common hazard encountered in occupational, accidental spill and environmental contamination scenarios. Different solvents and chemical mixtures may influence dermal absorption. The effects of sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) on the stratum corneum partitioning and permeability in porcine skin of 10 agricultural and industrial chemicals in water, ethanol and propylene glycol were investigated. The chemicals were phenol, p-nitrophenol, pentachlorophenol, methyl parathion, ethyl parathion, chlorpyrifos, fenthion, simazine, atrazine and propazine. SLS decreased partitioning into stratum corneum from water for lipophilic compounds, decreased partitioning from propylene glycol and did not alter partitioning from ethanol. SLS effects on permeability were less consistent, but generally decreased permeability from water, increased permeability from ethanol and had an inconsistent effect on permeability from propylene glycol. It was concluded that, for the compounds tested, partitioning into the stratum corneum was determined by the relative solubility of the solute in the donor solvent and the stratum corneum lipids. Permeability, however, reflected the result of successive, complex processes and was not predictable from stratum corneum partitioning alone. Addition of SLS to solvents altered partitioning and absorption characteristics across a range of compounds, which indicates that partition coefficients or skin permeability from neat chemical exposure should be used with caution in risk assessment procedures for chemical mixtures.

Agricultural-chemicals; Pesticides-and-agricultural-chemicals; Pesticides; Skin-absorption; Skin-exposure; Insecticides; Author Keywords: Skin permeability; Dermal absorption; Stratum corneum partitioning; Water; Ethanol; Propylene glycol; Phenol; p-Nitrophenol; Pentachlorophenol; Methyl parathion; Ethyl parathion; Chlorpyrifos; Fenthion; Simazine; Atrazine; Propazine

Center for Chemical Toxicology Research and Pharmacokinetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606

TXCYAC

108-95-2; 100-02-7; 87-86-5; 298-00-0; 56-38-2; 2921-88-2; 55-38-9; 122-34-9; 1912-24-9; 139-40-2

20050131

Journal Article

746428

Grant

2005

Grant-Number-R01-OH-007555

3

0300-483X

Work Environment and Workforce: Mixed Exposures

Toxicology

NC

North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina