The economy of the United States is based on energy. Energy is the universal raw material which is essential for man's requirements for food, clothing, and shelter. Recently it has become evident that we are straining our available energy resources to the limit and must change our energy consumption and production patterns. The demands for more energy have been intensified by the demands for clean energy; that is, energy that will have a minimum impact on the environment. Pollution abatement regulations and the difficulty of removing sulfur oxides from the flue gases of coal-burning plants have compounded the problem. The shortage of natural gas has crystallized plans for making substitute gas from lpg and naphthas and some of these plans will be realized by 1973. Recent funding of projects concerned with coal conversion processes is the result of this energy shortage. This paper is a review of recent developments in the research on the conversion of coals and wastes to more usable clean fuels, namely, gas and oil.
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