Abstract
This Bureau of Mines manual is intended to provide a better understanding of ground movement and the technology available for measuring it. The manual deals with convergence, strata separation, lateral roof movement, stress, and support load in underground mines. The instruments that measure these ground control parameters are described in detail. Step-by-step procedures for selecting the appropriate instrument are presented, which consider such factors as approximate cost, installation procedures, data collection, and data interpretation. An instrument selection worksheet is provided to facilitate the instrument selection process. Actual instrument case studies and a list of instrument suppliers are presented in the appendixes.
