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Ecological Studies on the Revegetation Process of Surface Coal Mined Areas in North Dakota. 10. Elements of Macro- and Microclimate.

Bares RH

NTIS: PB/83-171413 :61 pages

10002773

The general or macroclimate of the study region is characterized by rapid daily and day-to-day temperature fluctuations, erratic rainfall patterns, generally low humidity, plentiful sunshine, nearly continuous air movement, and a relatively short frost-free period. Plant growth and productivity also depend on microclimate factors that are affected by landform, such as exposure, slope angle, length, and aspect, as well as soil color, texture, and surface and vegetation. The most critical plant-growth factor is available water, which is determined by water input (precipitation) and water loss (evapotranspiration). Spring and fall precipitation is generally gentle and soil-soaking, but summer rains frequently come in the form of intensive, soil-washing, localized convective thunderstorms of short duration. The water loss due to runoff and consequent soil erosion are major problems resulting from such "cloudbursts." Generally clear skies over the region facilitate receipt of abundant sunshine, which, coupled with long days and nearly continuous wind causes evapotranspiration to exceed precipitation by an average of 6 inches between June and September. The water deficit is most severe on southern exposures, which receive the most direct solar radiation.

19820101

CP; Final Contract Report;

1982

PB83-171413

A05

OFR 47(10)-83

DRC;

NTIS: PB/83-171413

ND;

University of North Dakota