Chromium distribution and toxicity in mammalian cells.
Source
Department of Pharmacology/Toxicology/Therapeutics, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 1992 Feb; :1-21
Abstract
A final performance report on intracellular chromium (7440473) distribution and toxicity in mammalian cells was presented. Intracellular distribution and reactivity of radiolabeled chromium in Chinese-hamster cells was assessed by fractional centrifugation and a combination of anion exchange and ion pair high performance liquid chromatography. Greater than 75% of the radioactivity was localized in the cytosolic fraction. Glutathione, several nucleotides, and an unidentified metalloprotein or peptide were found to interact with chromate or its reduced derivative. In cultured mouse cells, 10 micromolar chromium(VI) irreversibly inhibited DNA synthesis to 50% of control values. Chromosomal, cytochemical, and biochemical analyses revealed that chromium(VI) was more cytotoxic than chromium(III). A comprehensive computer aided imaging system developed to study the in-vivo toxic effects of chromium showed that chromium caused regional toxicity in the liver of mice which primarily affected cells in the periportal region. The author concludes that chromate's toxicity appears to result from its ability to oxidize substances such as glutathione within the cell, thereby producing ions which have the ability to coordinate with biomolecules.
Keywords
NIOSH-Grant; Grants-other; Mammalian-cells; Cell-cultures; Cell-damage; Chromium-compounds; Toxic-effects; Cytotoxic-effects; Laboratory-animals; Biochemical-tests
Contact
Pharmacology University of Kansas 39Th St at Rainbow Blvd Kansas City, Kansas 66103
Document Type
Final Grant Report
Identifying No.
Grant-Number-R01-OH-01630
Priority Area
Other Occupational Concerns; Grants-other
Source Name
Department of Pharmacology/Toxicology/Therapeutics, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
Performing Organization
University of Kansas Col Hlth Sci & Hosp, Kansas City, Kansas
