Ether, bis(2-chloroethyl)
RTECS #
KN0875000
CAS #
Updated
April 2017
Molecular Weight
143.02
Molecular Formula
C4H8Cl2O
Synonyms
1,1'-Oxybis(2-chloro)ethane
1-Chloro-2-(beta-chloroethoxy)ethane
2,2'-Dichloorethylether (Dutch)
2,2'-Dichlor-diaethylaether (German)
2,2'-Dichlorethyl ether
2,2'-Dichloroethyl ether
2,2'-Dicloroetiletere (Italian)
2-Chloro-1-(2-chloroethoxy)ethane
2-Chloro-1-(2-chloroethoxy)ethane, fume
beta,beta-Dichlorodiethyl ether
beta,beta'-Dichloroethyl ether
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
Bis(beta-chloroethyl) ether
Chlorex
Chloroethyl ether
Clorex
DCEE
Di(2-chloroethyl) ether
Di(beta-chloroethyl)ether
Dichloroether
Dichloroethyl ether
Dichloroethyl ether (ACGIH:OSHA)
Dichloroethyl oxide
Dwuchlorodwuetylowy eter (Polish)
ENT 4,504
Ethane, 1,1'-oxybis(2-chloro-
Ether dichlore (French)
Oxyde de chlorethyle (French)
RCRA waste number U025
sym-Dichloroethyl ether
1-Chloro-2-(beta-chloroethoxy)ethane
2,2'-Dichloorethylether (Dutch)
2,2'-Dichlor-diaethylaether (German)
2,2'-Dichlorethyl ether
2,2'-Dichloroethyl ether
2,2'-Dicloroetiletere (Italian)
2-Chloro-1-(2-chloroethoxy)ethane
2-Chloro-1-(2-chloroethoxy)ethane, fume
beta,beta-Dichlorodiethyl ether
beta,beta'-Dichloroethyl ether
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
Bis(beta-chloroethyl) ether
Chlorex
Chloroethyl ether
Clorex
DCEE
Di(2-chloroethyl) ether
Di(beta-chloroethyl)ether
Dichloroether
Dichloroethyl ether
Dichloroethyl ether (ACGIH:OSHA)
Dichloroethyl oxide
Dwuchlorodwuetylowy eter (Polish)
ENT 4,504
Ethane, 1,1'-oxybis(2-chloro-
Ether dichlore (French)
Oxyde de chlorethyle (French)
RCRA waste number U025
sym-Dichloroethyl ether
Skin and Eye Irritation and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| eye /rabbit | 100 mg | severe | AJOPAA 29,1363,1946 |
| skin /rabbit | 10 mg/24H open irritation test | JIHTAB 30,63,1948 | |
| skin /rabbit | 500 mg open irritation test | mild | UCDS** 12/29/1971 |
Mutation Data and Reference
| System Test | Route/Organism/Tissue | Dose | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| gene conversion and mitotic recombination | inhalation/Drosophila melanogaster | 4000 ppm | CRNGDP 17,1083,1996 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Salmonella typhimurium | 1457 mg/plate (+enzymatic activation step) | DHEFDK FDA-78-1046,1978 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Salmonella typhimurium | 1 mg/plate (-enzymatic activation step) | ENMUDM 8(Suppl 7),1,1986 |
| specific locus test | parenteral/Drosophila melanogaster | 10500 ppm | EMMUEG 23,51,1994 |
Tumorigenic Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 33 gm/kg/79W- continuous | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors Blood: Lymphoma including Hodgkin's disease | JNCIAM 42,1101,1969 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 2400 mg/kg/60W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application | JNCIAM 48,1431,1972 |
Acute Toxicity Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/cat | Lowest published lethal concentration: 5500 mg/m3/2H | Cardiac: EKG changes not diagnostic of above Liver: Fatty liver degeneration Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes | VCVGK* -,282,1994 |
| inhalation/guinea pig | Lowest published lethal concentration: 3000 mg/m3/5H | Cardiac: EKG changes not diagnostic of above Liver: Fatty liver degeneration Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes | VCVGK* -,282,1994 |
| inhalation/guinea pig | Lowest published lethal concentration: 600 mg/m3/10H | Cardiac: EKG changes not diagnostic of above Liver: Fatty liver degeneration Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes | VCVGK* -,282,1994 |
| inhalation/guinea pig | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 500 ppm/1H | 85JCAE -,541,1986 | |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 600 mg/m3 | Olfaction: Other olfaction effects Eye: Conjunctiva irritation | VCVGK* -,282,1994 |
| inhalation/mammal (species unspecified) | Lowest published lethal concentration: 5500 mg/m3 | Cardiac: EKG changes not diagnostic of above Liver: Fatty liver degeneration Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes | VCVGK* -,282,1994 |
| inhalation/mouse | Lowest published lethal concentration: 3000 mg/m3/2H | Behavioral: Muscle contraction or spasticity Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression | VCVGK* -,282,1994 |
| inhalation/mouse | Lowest published lethal concentration: 500 mg/m3/7H | Behavioral: Muscle contraction or spasticity Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression | VCVGK* -,282,1994 |
| inhalation/mouse | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 650 mg/m3/2H | 85GMAT -,45,1982 | |
| inhalation/rabbit | Lowest published lethal concentration: 5500 mg/m3/2H | Cardiac: EKG changes not diagnostic of above Liver: Fatty liver degeneration Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes | VCVGK* -,282,1994 |
| inhalation/rat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 330 mg/m3 | Behavioral: Muscle contraction or spasticity Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression | VCVGK* -,282,1994 |
| inhalation/rat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 330 mg/m3/4H | 85GMAT -,45,1982 | |
| oral/mammal (species unspecified) | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 112 mg/kg | GISAAA 39(4),86,1974 | |
| oral/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 112 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,282,1994 | |
| oral/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 209 mg/kg | Eye: Ptosis Gastrointestinal: Changes in structure or function of salivary glands Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea | ATDAEI 1,163,1992 |
| oral/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 126 mg/kg | 38MKAJ 2A,2518,1981 | |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 75 mg/kg | JIHTAB 30,63,1948 | |
| skin/guinea pig | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 300 mg/kg | JIHTAB 30,63,1948 | |
| skin/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 90 mg/kg | 38MKAJ 2A,2518,1981 |
Other Multiple Dose Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/rabbit | lowest published toxic concentration: 32 mg/m3/4H/137D- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Cardiac: Other changes Liver: Liver function tests impaired | VCVGK* -,282,1994 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 600 mg/m3/45M/14D- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | VCVGK* -,282,1994 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 32 mg/m3/4H/137D- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Cardiac: Other changes Liver: Liver function tests impaired | VCVGK* -,282,1994 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1170 mg/kg/45D- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Liver: Multiple effects Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes | VCVGK* -,283,1994 |
Reviews
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 5 ppm;short term exposure limit 10 ppm (skin) | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-Not classifiable as a human carcinogen | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Animal Limited Evidence | IMEMDT 9,117,1975 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Animal Limited Evidence | IMEMDT 71,1265,1999 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Human No Adequate Data | IMEMDT 9,117,1975 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence | IMEMDT 71,1265,1999 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Group 3 | IMEMDT 71,1265,1999 |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | 85CVA2 5,250,1970 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | BNYMAM 54,413,1978 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 584,1,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FEREAC 75,8575,2010 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 802,1,2016 |
Standards and Regulations
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-air | time-weighted average 5 ppm (30 mg/m3) (skin) | DTLWS* 3,16,1973 |
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV; | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA | time-weighted average 5 ppm (29 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 10 ppm (58 mg/m3), JUL2008 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIA | MAK-TMW 5 ppm (30 mg/m3);KZW 25 ppm (150 mg/m3), skin, 2007 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | time-weighted average 5 ppm (29 mg/m3), MAR2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | short term exposure limit 10 ppm (59 mg/m3), Skin, MAR2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK | time-weighted average 5 ppm (30 mg/m3), skin, carc, MAY2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND | time-weighted average 5 ppm (30 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 10 ppm (59 mg/m3), NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE | VME 5 ppm (30 mg/m3), Skin, C3 Carcinogen, FEB2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-GERMANY | MAK 10 ppm (59 mg/m3), 2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND | time-weighted average 5 ppm (30 mg/m3), skin, NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPAN | Occupational Exposure Limit 15 ppm (88 mg/m3), skin, MAY2012 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA | time-weighted average 5 ppm (30 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 10 ppm (60 mg/m3), skin, 2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO | time-weighted average 5 ppm (30 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 10 ppm (60 mg/m3), 2004 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND | time-weighted average 5 ppm (29 mg/m3); short term exposure limit 10 ppm (58 mg/m3), skin, JAN2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU | time-weighted average 5 ppm (29 mg/m3); short term exposure limit 10 ppm (58 mg/m3), JUL2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-POLAND | MAC(time-weighted average) 10 mg/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) 60 mg/m3, JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA | short term exposure limit 2 mg/m3, Skin, JUN2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDEN | Group B Carcinogen, JUN2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND | ceiling concentration 5 ppm (30 mg/m3), carc 3, skin, JAN2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THAILAND | time-weighted average 15 ppm (90 mg/m3), JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDS | MAC-TGG 30 mg/m3, 2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINES | time-weighted average 15 ppm (90 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-TURKEY | time-weighted average 15 ppm (90 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) | ceiling concentration 15 ppm (90 mg/m3) (skin) | CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) | ceiling concentration 15 ppm (90 mg/m3) (skin) | CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) | ceiling concentration 15 ppm (90 mg/m3) (skin) | CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) | ceiling concentration 15 ppm (90 mg/m3) (skin) | CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993 |
NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO DICHLOROETHYLETHER-air | Carcinogen time-weighted average 5 ppm (Sk);short term exposure limit 10 ppm | NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992 |
| National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 | Hazard Code 84164; Number of Industries 1; Total Number of Facilities 21; Number of Occupations 2; Total Number of Employees Exposed 41 |
Status in Federal Agencies
Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018
Content
source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health