Piperazine, 1-acetyl-4-(4-((2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methoxy)phenyl)-, cis-
RTECS #
TK7912300
CAS #
Updated
March 2019
Molecular Weight
531.48
Molecular Formula
C26H28Cl2N4O4
Synonyms
Fungarest
Fungoral
Keto
Ketoconazol
Ketoconazole
Ketoderm
Ketoisdin
KW-1414
Nizoral
Orifungal M
Panfungol
R 41400
Fungoral
Keto
Ketoconazol
Ketoconazole
Ketoderm
Ketoisdin
KW-1414
Nizoral
Orifungal M
Panfungol
R 41400
Mutation Data and Reference
| System Test | Route/Organism/Tissue | Dose | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| DNA Damage | liver/human | 1 mmol/l/48H | MUREAV 696,21,2010 |
| DNA inhibition | lymphocyte/human | 10 mg/L | AMACCQ 24,478,1983 |
| DNA inhibition | other cell types/human | 1 µmol/L | TUMOAB 77,385,1991 |
Reproductive Effects Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| oral/man | 1029 mg/kg (60D male) | Reproductive: Other effects on male Endocrine: Androgenic | ACENA7 110,276,1985 |
| oral/rat | 6480 mg/kg (9W male/2W pre-7D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Mating performance (e.g., # sperm positive females per # females mated; # copulations per # estrus cycles) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Female fertility index (e.g., # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated) | KSRNAM 18,1433,1984 |
| oral/rat | 600 mg/kg (3D male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Male fertility index (e.g., # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females) | CCPTAY 41,411,1990 |
| oral/rat | 3240 mg/kg (9W male/2W pre-7D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) | KSRNAM 18,1433,1984 |
| oral/rat | 880 mg/kg (7-17D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | KSRNAM 18,1433,1984 |
| oral/rat | 1040 mg/kg (17-21D preg/21D after birth) | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Parturition Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive) | KSRNAM 18,1433,1984 |
| oral/rat | 300 mg/kg (1D male) | Reproductive: Other effects on male | JOAND3 13,191,1992 |
| oral/mouse | 300 mg/kg (1D male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) | JOAND3 13,191,1992 |
| oral/rat | 520 mg/kg (6-18D pregnant) | Reproductive: Other effects on female Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death | KSRNAM 18,1433,1984 |
| oral/rat | 80 mg/kg (1-8D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) | HBPTO* 1,736,2001 |
| oral/rat | 175 mg/kg (28D male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands | ARTODN 80,797,2006 |
| oral/rat | 2800 mg/kg (28D male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands | ARTODN 80,797,2006 |
| oral/rat | 175 mg/kg (28D prior to copulation) | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Uterus, cervix, vagina | ARTODN 80,797,2006 |
| oral/rat | 1400 mg/kg (28D prior to copulation) | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Ovaries, fallopian tubes | ARTODN 80,797,2006 |
| oral/rat | 2800 mg/kg (28D prior to copulation) | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Uterus, cervix, vagina Reproductive: Maternal effects: Menstrual cycle changes or disorders | ARTODN 80,797,2006 |
| oral/rat | 1760 mg/kg (1-21D pregnant) | Reproductive: Other effects on female Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | ARTODN 83,863,2009 |
Acute Toxicity Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| In Vitro/Human, colon tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1 µmol/L/72H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | JOETD7 141,709,2012 |
| In Vitro/Human, endocrine tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 0.65 µmol/L/24H | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) | TXAPA9 268,309,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, endocrine tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 0.15 µmol/L/24H | Endocrine: Other changes | TXCYAC 275,21,2010 |
| In Vitro/Human, endocrine tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 0.26 µmol/L/72H | TIVIEQ 26,343,2012 | |
| In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 2.9 µmol/L/120M | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 27,560,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 131 µmol/L/2H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) | TIVIEQ 27,1789,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 53 µmol/L/2H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell metabolic activity: Alamar Blue assay etc. | TIVIEQ 27,1789,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 0.05 mg/L/10M | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | PYTOEY 19,348,2012 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 47.45 µmol/L/5D | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell metabolic activity: Alamar Blue assay etc. | TXAPA9 275,44,2014 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 147 µmol/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell metabolic activity: Alamar Blue assay etc. | TIVIEQ 30,429,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 80 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TOLED5 236,16,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 320 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro | TOLED5 236,16,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1 µmol/L/1H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TXAPA9 249,148,2010 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 5 µmol/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 27,812,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 4 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 25,1414,2011 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 34.9 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 34,161,2016 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 2.09 µmol/L | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on mitochondrial function | TIVIEQ 34,161,2016 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 9.04 µmol/L/1H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell metabolic activity: Alamar Blue assay etc. | TIVIEQ 34,161,2016 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 13.3 µmol/L/1H | Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Glycolytic | TIVIEQ 34,161,2016 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 31.6 µmol/L | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 26,511,2012 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 217.8 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell metabolic activity: Alamar Blue assay etc. | TIVIEQ 29,582,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 44.15 µmol/L/5D | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell metabolic activity: Alamar Blue assay etc. | TXAPA9 275,44,2014 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): >100 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell metabolic activity: Alamar Blue assay etc. | TIVIEQ 30,429,2015 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1.0 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on mitochondrial function | TXAPA9 264,167,2012 |
| In Vitro/mtb | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 100 µmol/L/5D | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 29,320,2015 |
| In Vitro/mtb | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 10.63 µmol/L/10D | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell differentiation | TIVIEQ 29,320,2015 |
| In Vitro/Pig, spermatozoa | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 0.021 mmol/L/30M | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 29,582,2015 |
| In Vitro/Rat, embryo | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 60 µmol/L/48H | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Eye, ear Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalities | TXAPA9 322,15,2017 |
| In Vitro/Rat, embryo | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 30 mg/L/48H | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | TIVIEQ 1,11,1987 |
| In Vitro/Rat, embryo | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1 mg/L/48H | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Eye, ear Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Cardiovascular (circulatory) system | TIVIEQ 1,11,1987 |
| In Vitro/Rat, endocrine cell (tissues) | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 6000 nmol/L | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell proliferation: DNA incorporation, mitotic index etc. | TXAPA9 250,263,2011 |
| In Vitro/Rat, intestinal | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 8.22 µmol/L/2.5H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 29,1070,2015 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 1.15 mg/L/10M | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | PYTOEY 19,348,2012 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): >100 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 26,174,2012 |
| In Vitro/Rat, testis | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 20 µmol/L | Endocrine: Other changes | JOETD7 149,201,2013 |
| intraduodenal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 50 mg/kg | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | BJPCBM 138,1459,2003 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2937 mg/kg | IYKEDH 18,474,1987 | |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1474 mg/kg | IYKEDH 18,474,1987 | |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 100 mg/kg | Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases | TXCYAC 208,367,2005 |
| intravenous/Dog | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 23300 µg/kg | MDACAP 17,373,1981 | |
| intravenous/guinea pig | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 23300 µg/kg | MDACAP 17,373,1981 | |
| intravenous/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 32 mg/kg | AMACCQ 33,895,1989 | |
| intravenous/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 86 mg/kg | DRUGAY 23,1,1982 | |
| oral/child | lowest published toxic dose: 450 mg/kg/90D- intermittent | Endocrine: Evidence of thyroid hypofunction Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Other changes | BMJOAE 293,993,1986 |
| oral/Dog | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 178 mg/kg | MDACAP 17,373,1981 | |
| oral/guinea pig | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 178 mg/kg | MDACAP 17,373,1981 | |
| oral/human | lowest published toxic dose: 8.6 mg/kg | Endocrine: Androgenic Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other | AIMDAP 145,1429,1985 |
| oral/human | lowest published toxic dose: 2.8 mg/kg | Endocrine: Androgenic Endocrine: Change in LH | AIMDAP 142,2137,1982 |
| oral/human | lowest published toxic dose: 2.857 mg/kg | Immunological Including Allergic: Anaphylaxis (multiple organ involvement) | BMJOAE 287,,1983 |
| oral/man | lowest published toxic dose: 5.7 mg/kg | Endocrine: Androgenic Endocrine: Other changes | ACENA7 105,275,1984 |
| oral/man | lowest published toxic dose: 49 mg/kg/17D- intermittent | Liver: Other changes | GASTAB 86,503,1984 |
| oral/man | lowest published lethal dose: 45 mg/kg/17D- intermittent | Behavioral: Coma Liver: Jaundice, other or unclassified | GUTTAK 26,636,1986 |
| oral/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 618 mg/kg | MDACAP 17,373,1981 | |
| oral/rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 40 mg/kg | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases | ACPSI* 24,778,2003 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 227 mg/kg | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes | TXCYAC 246,91,2008 |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 166 mg/kg | MDACAP 17,373,1981 | |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 24 mg/kg | Endocrine: Androgenic Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) | ACENA7 111,246,1986 |
| oral/woman | lowest published lethal dose: 412 mg/kg/15W- intermittent | Behavioral: Coma Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), diffuse Liver: Jaundice, other or unclassified | GUTTAK 26,636,1986 |
| oral/woman | lowest published lethal dose: 264 mg/kg/66D- intermittent | Liver: Other changes | GASTAB 86,503,1984 |
| oral/woman | lowest published toxic dose: 60 mg/kg | Liver: Other changes | GASTAB 86,503,1984 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): >4 gm/kg | IYKEDH 18,474,1987 | |
| subcutaneous/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): >2400 mg/kg | IYKEDH 18,474,1987 | |
| unreported route/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 40 mg/kg | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases | TOXID9 60,168,2001 |
Other Multiple Dose Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 900 mg/kg/6W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Active as anti-cancer agent Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Other changes | MOCAE8 34,199,2002 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 600 mg/kg/4D- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | TOSCF2 46,45,1998 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2250 mg/kg/15D- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Endocrine: Androgenic Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | TOSCF2 46,45,1998 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 500 mg/kg/5D- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | ETPAEK 59,377,2007 |
| oral/Dog | lowest published toxic dose: 280 mg/kg/7D- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | TOXID9 72,12,2003 |
| oral/Dog | lowest published toxic dose: 1200 mg/kg/30D- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Liver: Changes in liver weight | KSRNAM 18,1426,1984 |
| oral/human | lowest published toxic dose: 154.3 mg/kg/9D- intermittent | Endocrine: Androgenic Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other | AIMDAP 145,1429,1985 |
| oral/human | lowest published toxic dose: 1539 mg/kg/90D- intermittent | Endocrine: Gynecomastia | AIMDAP 145,1429,1985 |
| oral/man | lowest published toxic dose: 240 mg/kg/3W- intermittent | Endocrine: Other changes Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | NEROEW 28,379,2003 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 1749 ng/kg/7D- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Liver: Changes in liver weight Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) | TXCYAC 94,81,1994 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 3125 ng/kg/21D- intermittent | Liver: Other changes | TXCYAC 94,81,1994 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 24000 mg/kg/60D- continuous | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) | HBPTO* 1,736,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 80 mg/kg/8D- continuous | Endocrine: Other changes Related to Chronic Data: Changes in uterine weight | HBPTO* 1,736,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 480 mg/kg/20D- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | TOSCF2 60,285,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 720 mg/kg/30D- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | TOSCF2 60,285,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 600 mg/kg/3D- continuous | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) | HBPTO* 1,736,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 750 mg/kg/30D- intermittent | Reproductive: Other effects on male | TOXID9 72,131,2003 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 375 mg/kg/15D- intermittent | Endocrine: Change in gonadotropins | TOSCF2 69,79,2002 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1125 mg/kg/15D- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Endocrine: Change in gonadotropins | TOSCF2 69,79,2002 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1500 mg/kg/15D- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Endocrine: Change in gonadotropins Related to Chronic Data: Changes in prostate weight | TOSCF2 69,79,2002 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1135 mg/kg/5D- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TXCYAC 246,91,2008 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 700 mg/kg/28D- intermittent | Endocrine: Estrogenic | ARTODN 80,797,2006 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2800 mg/kg/28D- intermittent | Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight Related to Chronic Data: Changes in prostate weight | ARTODN 80,797,2006 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 175 mg/kg/28D- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Changes in uterine weight | ARTODN 80,797,2006 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1400 mg/kg/28D- intermittent | Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight Related to Chronic Data: Changes in ovarian weight | ARTODN 80,797,2006 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2800 mg/kg/28D- intermittent | Cardiac: Changes in heart weight Endocrine: Estrogenic Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | ARTODN 80,797,2006 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2800 mg/kg/28D- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight Endocrine: Evidence of thyroid hypofunction | ARTODN 80,797,2006 |
| oral/woman | lowest published toxic dose: 20 mg/kg/2D- intermittent | Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section Vascular: Regional or general arteriolar or venous dilation Immunological Including Allergic: Anaphylaxis (multiple organ involvement) | APHRER 39,547,2005 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 350 mg/kg/14D- intermittent | Endocrine: Androgenic | RTOPDW 26,60,1997 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 700 mg/kg/14D- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | RTOPDW 26,60,1997 |
| unreported route/man | lowest published toxic dose: 77100 mg/kg/27D- intermittent | Behavioral: Headache Liver: Jaundice, other or unclassified Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition | DDSCDJ 33,240,1988 |
| unreported route/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 144 mg/kg/12D- continuous | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Parturition Endocrine: Other changes | HBPTO* 1,736,2001 |
Reviews
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ARPTDI 43,441,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 127,279,2002 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 488,151,2001 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TPHSDY 23,355,2002 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TPHSDY 24,161,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | JHEPT* 3,399,1986 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | DIMON* 39,678,1993 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ENTOX* -,384,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | PSBUL* 35,66,2001 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | PSBUL* 36,91,2002 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | HTOPA* 1,501,2002 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTOD7 46,813,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | CLLID* 11,549,2007 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | CLLID* 13,277,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | DERCL* 27,289,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TXAPA9 243,134,2010 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | BJCAAI 100,671,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 727,16,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 198,106,2010 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 202,36,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | SFDRA* 38,379,2016 |
NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance
Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018
Content
source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health