Alaska Invasive Bacterial Disease Surveillance Report Group A Streptococcus – 2014

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Background

AIP has conducted statewide surveillance of invasive group A Streptococcus (GAS) since 2000. Beginning in January 2007, invasive GAS became a reportable condition to the State of Alaska Division of Public Health (DPH).  Reports of cases of disease caused by this organism are shared between AIP and DPH.

Population

The population of the State of Alaska in 2014 was 737,354; 143,367 (19%) were Alaska Native people.  Source:  AK Dept. of Labor & Workforce Development population estimates.

Case Definition

An isolate of GAS from a normally sterile site that has been taken from a resident of Alaska. Cases are also included when GAS has been isolated from a wound culture and accompanied by necrotizing fasciitis or streptococcal toxic shock syndrome.

Methods

Participating laboratories send isolates recovered from sterile sites to the AIP laboratory in Anchorage; materials and forms for isolate shipment and data collection are provided to each laboratory by AIP. Demographic and clinical information on the cases are collected from a review of medical records. Annually, AIP asks that each laboratory review their records and provide information on any cases that may have been overlooked.

Invasive Group A Streptococcus Cases
by Race – Alaska, 2014
Race Cases n (%) Age Adjusted Rate* % Male Deaths n (%)
Alaska Native 27 (47) 21.9 67% 1 (4)
Non-Native† 30 (53)† 5.1 63% 3 (10)
Total 57 65% 4 (7)

*Cases per 100,000 per percent distribution of Alaska 2010 population
†Includes 1 case for which race was unknown

Invasive Group A Streptococcus, Cases & Rates by Age Group & Race – Alaska, 2014
Alaska Native Non-Native
Age (years) No. Cases Rate* No. Cases Rate*
<2 0 0 2 13
2-4 0 0 0 0
5-18 0 0 3 2.8
19-54 17 25.5 15 5
55-64 6 44.7 3 3.6
65+ 4 40.2 7 11.4
Total 27 18.8 30 5.1

*Cases per 100,000 population

Invasive Group A Streptococcus, Clinical Presentations – Alaska, 2014
No. %*
Cellulitis 26 46
Septic arthritis 9 16
Bacteremia 8 14
Necrotizing fasciitis 4 7
Pneumonia with bacteremia 2 3
Other 8 14

*Percent of cases

Invasive Group A Streptococcus emm types
– Alaska, 2014
emm type No. %*
91 18 32
89 7 12
87 6 11
4 4 7
101 4 7
1 3 5
11 3 5
28 3 5
12 2 4
53 2 4
77 2 4
82 1 2
238 1 2
Unknown 2 4

*Percent of cases

Page last reviewed: July 16, 2018
Content source: National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID), Division of Infectious Disease Readiness Innovation (DIDRI)