Phthalates

Concentrations of phthalates and DINCH metabolites in pooled urine from Queensland Australia
Gomez Ramos MJ, Heffernan AL, Toms LM, Calafat AM, Ye X, Hobson P, Broomhall S, Mueller JF Environ Int. Environ Int. 2016 Mar;88:179-86. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.12.016.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412015301215external icon

Prenatal Exposure to Phthalates and Childhood Body Size in an Urban Cohort
Maresca MM, Hoepner LA, Hassoun A, Oberfield SE, Mooney SJ, Calafat AM, Ramirez J, Freyer G, Perera FP, Whyatt RM, Rundle AG. Environ Health Perspect. 2016 Apr;124(4):514-20. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1408750.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4829975/pdf/ehp.1408750.pdfpdf iconexternal icon

Gestational exposure to phthalates and gender-related play behaviors in 8-year-old children: an observational study
Percy Z, Xu Y, Sucharew H, Khoury JC, Calafat AM, Braun JM, Lanphear BP, Chen A, Yolton K. . Environ Health. 2016 Aug 16;15(1):87. doi: 10.1186/s12940-016-0171-7.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4986248/pdf/12940_2016_Article_171.pdfpdf iconexternal icon

Exposure to select phthalates and phenols through use of personal care products among Californian adults and their children
Philippat C, Bennett D, Calafat AM, Picciotto IH. Environ Res. 2015 Apr 27;140:369-376
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4724203/pdf/nihms722609.pdfpdf iconexternal icon

Development of urine standard reference materials for metabolites of organic chemicals including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phthalates, phenols, parabens, and volatile organic compounds
Schantz MM, Benner BA Jr, Heckert NA, Sander LC, Sharpless KE, Vander Pol SS, Vasquez Y, Villegas M, Wise SA, Alwis KU, Blount BC, Calafat AM, Li Z, Silva MJ, Ye X, Gaudreau É, Patterson DG Jr, Sjödin A. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2015 Apr;407(11):2945-54.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5137188/pdf/nihms832670.pdfpdf iconexternal icon

Persistent Associations between Maternal Prenatal Exposure to Phthalates on Child IQ at Age 7 Years
Factor-Litvak P, Insel B, Calafat AM, Liu X, Perera F, Rauh VA, Whyatt RM PLoS One. 2014 Dec 10;9(12):e114003. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114003. eCollection 2014.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4262205/pdf/pone.0114003.pdfpdf iconexternal icon

Exploring the potential association between brominated diphenyl ethers, polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, perfluorinated compounds, phthalates, and bisphenol a in polycystic ovary syndrome: a case-control study
Vagi SJ, Azziz-Baumgartner E, Sjödin A, Calafat AM, Dumesic D, Gonzalez L, Kato K, Silva MJ, Ye X, Azziz R. BMC Endocr Disord. 2014 Oct 28;14(1):86. [Epub ahead of print]
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4287339/pdf/12902_2014_Article_298.pdfpdf iconexternal icon

Biomonitoring Factsheet: Phthalates

National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals

Peer-Reviewed Biomonitoring Articles

Biomonitoring Glossary

CDC’s laboratory methods are intended to evaluate population exposures and to support states in situations considered a public health concern. CDC does not provide individual health care or assessment unless as part of a broader public health investigation requested by federal or state agencies, such as a health department. Currently, CDC’s Organic Analytical Toxicology Branch does not have the capability of generating pilot or preliminary results in support of proposals to obtain public or private funds for a larger project.

Detecting levels of an environmental chemical in a person’s blood or urine does not necessarily mean the chemical will cause adverse health effects or disease. Advances in analytical methods enable CDC to measure very low levels of environmental chemicals in people, but research studies of varying levels of exposure are needed to determine if specific levels cause health effects. Consulting a clinician with a toxicological background to assist with the interpretation of results is recommended.

Samples to be tested should be processed through a state health department laboratory, and should conform to the laboratory’s reporting procedures. These laboratory methods often require that the sample be collected by a particular method, or sometimes with particular pre-screened collection devices, to minimize external contamination. Following the correct sample collection protocol is necessary for accurate sample measurement. Please contact the laboratory that will be analyzing the sample to learn the sample collection instructions before collecting the samples.