Publications

Chapters, manuals, and guidelines

• Guidance for the Evaluation and Public Health Management of Suspected Outbreaks of Meningococcal Disease
• Pink Book’s chapter on meningococcal disease
  Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases
• Travelers’ Health: Yellow Book – chapter on meningococcal disease
  CDC’s Health Information for International Travel (Prevention of Specific Infectious Diseases)
• Surveillance Manual’s chapter on meningococcal disease
  Manual for the Surveillance of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases

Vaccine recommendations and licensures

View all current and historical meningococcal vaccine recommendations from the Advisory Committee for Immunization Practices. Current recommendations are also listed below:

• Meningococcal vaccination: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, United States, 2020.

Surveillance, epidemiology, and outbreaks

Domestic

• Oliver SE, Retchless AC, Blain AE, et al. Risk factors for invasive meningococcal disease belonging to a novel urethritis clade of Neisseria meningitidis — United States, 2013–2017. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2022;ofac035.
• Blain AE, Reese HE, Marjuki H, Topaz N, Mbaeyi S, McNamara LA. Serogroup A, C, W, and Y meningococcal disease in persons previously vaccinated with a serogroup ACWY meningococcal vaccine – United States, 2014–2018. Vaccine. 2021;39(52):7541–4.
• Oliver SE, Patton ME, Hoban M, et al. Evaluation of meningococcal vaccination policies among colleges and universities — United States, 2017. J Am Coll Health. 2021;69(5):554–9.
• Reese HE, McNamara LA, Vianzon V, et al.Serogroup B meningococcal disease in persons previously vaccinated with a serogroup B meningococcal vaccine — United States, 2014–2019. Vaccine. 2021;39(52):7655–60.
• Taormina G, Campos J, Sweitzer J, et al. β-lactamase-producing, ciprofloxacin-resistant Neisseria meningitidis isolated from a 5-month-old boy in the United States. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2021;10(3):379–81.
• Bozio CH, Isenhour C, McNamara LA.Characteristics of and meningococcal disease prevention strategies for commercially insured persons receiving eculizumab in the United States. PLoS One. 2020;15(11):e0241989.
• Crew PE, McNamara L, Waldron PE, McCulley L, Christopher Jones S, Bersoff-Matcha SJ. Antibiotic prophylaxis in vaccinated eculizumab recipients who developed meningococcal disease. J Infect. 2020;80(3):350–71.
• Mbaeyi S, Pondo T, Blain A, et al. Incidence of meningococcal disease before and after implementation of quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine in the United States. JAMA Pediatr. 2020;174(9):843–51.
• McNamara LA, Potts C, Blain AE, et al; Antimicrobial-resistant Neisseria meningitidis Detection of ciprofloxacin-resistant, β-lactamase-producing Neisseria meningitidis serogroup Y isolates — United States, 2019–2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69(24):735–9.
• Crew PE, McNamara L, Waldron PE, McCulley L, Jones SC, Bersoff-Matcha SJ. Unusual Neisseria species as a cause of infection in patients taking eculizumab. J Infect. 2019;78(2):113–8.
• Granoff DM, Kim H, Topaz N, MacNeil J, Wang X, McNamara LA. Differential effects of therapeutic complement inhibitors on serum bactericidal activity against nongroupable meningococcal isolates recovered from patients treated with eculizumab. Haematologica. 2019;104(8):e304–44.
• Mbaeyi SA, Joseph SJ, Blain A, Wang X, Hariri S, MacNeil JR. Meningococcal disease among college-aged young adults—United States, 2014–2016. Pediatrics. 2019;143(1):e20182130.
• McNamara LA, Potts CC, Blain A, et al. Invasive meningococcal disease due to nongroupable Neisseria meningitidis-Active Bacterial Core surveillance sites, 2011–2016. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2019;6(5):ofz190.
• Soeters HM, McNamara LA, Blain AE, et al. for the Serogroup B Meningococcal Disease University Outbreak Group. University-based outbreaks of meningococcal disease caused by serogroup B, United States, 2013–2018. Emerg Infect Dis. 2019;25(3):434–40.
• Bozio CH, Blain A, MacNeil JR, et al. Meningococcal disease surveillance in men who have sex with men—United States, 2015–2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018;67(38)1060–3.
• Kempe A, Allison MA, MacNeil JR, et al. Adoption of serogroup B meningococcal vaccine recommendations. Pediatrics. 2018;142(3):e20180344.
• Mbaeyi SA, Blain A, Whaley MJ, Wang X, Cohn AC, MacNeil JR. Epidemiology of meningococcal disease outbreaks in the United States, 2009–2013. Clin Infect Dis. 2018;68(4):580–5.
• McNamara LA, MacNeil JR, Cohn AC, Stephens DS. Mass chemoprophylaxis for control of outbreaks of meningococcal disease. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018;18(9):e272–81.
• Nolfi-Donegan D, Konar M, Vianzon V, et al. Case report: Fatal nongroupable Neisseria meningitidis disease in a vaccinated patient receiving eculizumab. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018;24(8):1561–4.
• Oliver S, Mbaeyi SA. A review of global epidemiology and response to meningococcal disease outbreaks among men who have sex with men, 2001–2018. Curr Epidemiol Rep. 2018;5(4):321–30.
• Spence Davizon E, Soeters HM, Miller L, Barnes M. Two cases of meningococcal disease in one family separated by an extended period of time—Colorado, 2015–2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018;67(12):366–8.

• McNamara LA, Topaz N, Wang X, Hariri S, Fox L, MacNeil J. High risk for invasive meningococcal disease among patients receiving eculizumab (Soliris) despite receipt of meningococcal vaccine. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2017;66(27):734–7.
• Cohn AC, MacNeil J, Harrison LH, et al. Effectiveness and Duration of Protection of a Single Dose of a Quadrivalent Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine. Pediatrics. 2017;139(2).
• Bazan JA, Peterson AS, Kirkcaldy RD, et al. Notes from the Field. Increase in Neisseria meningitidis-associated Urethritis among Men — Ohio and Michigan, 2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016;65:550–2.
• Blain A, Mandal S, Wu H, et al. Penicillin Use in Meningococcal Disease Management, Active Bacterial Core Surveillance (ABCs) Sites, 2009. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2016 Jul. 3(3): doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofw152
• Harris CM, Wu HM, Hall HI, et al. Meningococcal Disease in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: A Review of Cases Reported through Active Surveillance in the United States, 2000–2008. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2016 Dec 20;ofw226. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofw226.
• Nanduri S, Foo C, Ngo V, et al. Outbreak of serogroup C meningococcal disease primarily affecting men who have sex with men — Southern California, 2016. MMWR. 2016;65:1–3.
• Breakwell L, Vogt TM, Fleming D, et al. Understanding factors affecting university A students’ decision to receive an unlicensed serogroup B meningococcal vaccine. J Adolesc Health. 2016;59(4):457–64.
• Kamiya H, MacNeil JR, Blain A, et al. Notes from the Field: Meningococcal Disease among Men Who Have Sex with Men — United States, January 2012–June 2015. MMWR. 2015;64(44):1256–7.
• Cohn A, MacNeil J. The Changing Epidemiology of Meningococcal Disease. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2015;29(4):667–77.
• McNamara LA, Shumate, AM, Johnsen P, et al. First use of a serogroup B meningococcal vaccines in the US in response to a university outbreak. Pediatrics. 2015;135(5):798-804.
• MacNeil JR, Bennett N, Farley MM, et al. Epidemiology of infant meningococcal disease in the United States, 2006–2012. Pediatrics. 2015;153(2):e305-11.
• Patel M, Romero-Steiner S, Broderick MP, et al. Persistence of serogroup C antibody responses following quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccination in United States military personnel. Vaccine. 2014; 32(30):394-9.
• Wiringa AE, Shutt KA, Marsh JW, et al. Geotemporal analysis of Neisseria meningitidis clones in the United States: 2000-2005. PLos One. 2013;8(12):e82048.
• Mandal S, Wu HM, MacNeil JR, et al. Prolonged university outbreak of meningococcal disease associated with a serogroup B strain rarely seen in the United States. Clin Infect Dis. 2013;57:344-8.
• Cohn AC, Harrison LH. Meningococcal vaccines: current issues and future strategies. Drugs. 2013;73:1147-55.
• Terranella A, Beekmann SE, Polgreen PM, Cohn A, Wu HM, Clark TA. Practice patterns of infectious disease physicians for management of meningococcal disease. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2012;31:e208–12.
• Cohn AC, Messonnier NE. Inching toward a serogroup B meningococcal vaccine for infants. JAMA. 2012;307:614–5.
• MacNeil JR, Thomas JD, Cohn AC. Meningococcal disease: shifting epidemiology and genetic mechanisms that may contribute to serogroup C virulence. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2011;13:374-9.
• MacNeil JR, Cohn AC, Zell ER, et al. Early estimate of the effectiveness of quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2011;30:451-5.
• Thigpen MC, Whitney CG, Messonnier NE, et al. Bacterial meningitis in the United States, 1998-2007. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:2016-25.
• Cohn AC, MacNeil JR, Harrison LH, et al. Changes in Neisseria meningitidis disease epidemiology in the United States, 1998-2007: implications for prevention of meningococcal disease. Clin Infect Dis. 2010;50:184-91.
• Wu HM, Harcourt BH, Hatcher CP, et al. Emergence of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Neisseria meningitidis in North America. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:886-92.
• Weiss D, Stern EJ, Zimmerman C, et al. Epidemiologic investigation and targeted vaccination initiative in response to an outbreak of meningococcal disease among illicit drug users in Brooklyn, New York. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;48:894-901.
• CDC. Emergence of -resistant Neisseria meningitidis-Minnesota and North Dakota, 2007-2008. MMWR. 2008;57(07):173-5.
• Dull P, Abdelwahab J, Sacchi C, et al. Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup W-135 Carriage among US Travelers to the 2001 Hajj. J Infect Dis. 2005;191:33-9.
• Rainbow J, Cebelinski E, Bartkus J, Glennen A, Boxrud D, Lynfield R. Rifampin-resistant Meningococcal Disease. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005;11(6):977-9.
• Shepard CW, Ortega-Sanchez IR, Scott RD, Rosenstein NE, ABCs Team. Cost-Effectiveness of Conjugate Meningococcal Vaccination Strategies in the United States. Pediatrics. 2005;115(5):1220-32.
• McEllistrem MC, Kolano JA, Pass MA, et al. Correlating Epidemiologic Trends with the Genotypes Causing Meningococcal Disease, Maryland. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004;10(3):451-6.
• Shepard CW, Rosenstein NE, Fischer M, and the Active Bacterial Core Surveillance Team. Neonatal meningococcal disease in the United States, 1990-1999. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2003;22:418-22.
• Kellerman S, McCombs K, Ray M, et al. Genotype-Specific Carriage of Neisseria meningitidis in Georgia Counties with Hyper- and Hyposporadic Rates of Meningococcal Disease. J Infect Dis. 2002;186:40-8.
• Rosenstein N, Perkins B, Stephens D, Popovic T, Hughes J. Meningococcal Disease. NEJM. 2001; 344:1378-88.
• Sacchi C, Whitney A, Popovic T, et al. Diversity and prevalence of PorA types in Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B in the United States, 1992-1998. J Infect Dis. 2000; 182:1169-76.
• CDC. Serogroup W-135 Meningococcal Disease Among Travelers Returning From Saudi Arabia – United States, 2000. MMWR. 2000;49(16):345-6.
• CDC. Meningococcal Disease – New England, 1993 – 1998. MMWR. 1999;48(29):629-33.
• CDC. Control and Prevention of Meningococcal Disease and Control and Prevention of Serogroup C Meningococcal Disease: Evaluation and Management of Suspected Outbreaks. MMWR. 1997;46(RR-5):1-51.
• CDC. Serogroup Y Meningococcal Disease – Illinois, Connecticut, and Selected Areas, United States, 1989-1996. MMWR. 1996;45(46):1010-4.
• CDC. Serogroup B Meningococcal Disease – Oregon, 1994. MMWR. 1995;44(07):121-4.

International

• Aksnes BN, Walldorf JA, Nkwenkeu SF, et al. Vaccination information, motivations, and barriers in the context of meningococcal serogroup A conjugate vaccine introduction: A qualitative assessment among caregivers in Burkina Faso, 2018. Vaccine. 2021;39(43):6370–7.
• Walker J, Soeters HM, Novak R, et al. Modeling optimal laboratory testing strategies for bacterial meningitis surveillance in Africa. J Infect Dis. 2021;224(12 Suppl 2):S218–27.
• Mbaeyi S, Sampo E, Dinanibè K, et al. Meningococcal carriage 7 years after introduction of a serogroup A meningococcal conjugate vaccine in Burkina Faso: Results from four cross-sectional carriage surveys. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020;20(12):1418–25.
• Nkwenkeu SF, Jalloh MF, Walldorf JA, et al. Health workers’ perceptions and challenges in implementing meningococcal serogroup a conjugate vaccine in the routine childhood immunization schedule in Burkina Faso. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):254.
• Mbaeyi SA, Lingani C, Diallo AO, et al; MenAfriNet Consortium. Improving case-based meningitis surveillance in 5 countries in the meningitis belt of sub-Saharan Africa, 2015–2017. J Infect Dis. 2019;220(220 Suppl 4):S155–64.
• Mounkoro D, Nikiema CS, Maman I, et al. Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W meningitis epidemic in Togo, 2016. J Infect Dis. 2019;220(220 Suppl 4):S216–24.
• Patel JC, Soeters HM, Diallo AO, et al; MenAfriNet MenAfriNet: A network supporting case-based meningitis surveillance and vaccine evaluation in the meningitis belt of Africa. J Infect Dis. 2019;220(220 Suppl 4):S148–54.
• Sanogo YO, Guindo I, Diarra S, et al. A new sequence type of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C associated with a 2016 meningitis outbreak in Mali. J Infect Dis. 2019;220(220 Suppl 4):S190–7.
• Sidikou F, Potts CC, Zaneidou M, et al. Epidemiology of bacterial meningitis in the nine years since meningococcal serogroup A conjugate vaccine introduction, Niger, 2010–2018. J Infect Dis. 2019;220(220 Suppl 4):S206–15.
• Soeters HM, Diallo AO, Bicaba BW, et al; MenAfriNet Consortium. Bacterial meningitis epidemiology in five countries in the meningitis belt of sub-Saharan Africa, 2015–2017. J Infect Dis. 2019 Oct 31;220(220 Suppl 4):S165–74.
• Zoma RL, Walldorf JA, Tarbangdo F, et al. Evaluation of the impact of meningococcal serogroup A conjugate vaccine introduction on second-year-of-life vaccination coverage in Burkina Faso. J Infect Dis. 2019;220(220 Suppl 4):S233–43.
• Bozio CH, Vuong J, Dokubo EK, et al. for the Liberian Meningococcal Outbreak Response Team. Outbreak of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C outside the meningitis belt, Liberia, 2017: An epidemiological and laboratory investigation. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018;18(12)1360–7.
• Jackson ML, Diallo AO, Médah I, et al. Initial validation of a simulation model for estimating the impact of serogroup A Neisseria meningitidis vaccination in the African meningitis belt. PLoS One. 2018;13(10):e0206117.
• Sidikou F, Zaneidou M, Alkassoum I, et. al. Emergence of Epidemic Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup C in Niger, 2015: An Analysis of National Surveillance Data. Lancet Infect Dis. 2016;16(11):1288–94.
• Rondy M, Issifou D, Alkassoum IS, et al. Vaccine Effectiveness of Polysaccharide Vaccines Against Clinical Meningitis — Niamey, Niger, June 2015. PLoS Currents. 2016 Apr 18. Edition 1.
• Kambiré D, Soeters HM, Ouédraogo-Traoré R, et al. Nationwide Trends in Pneumococcal Meningitis Before the Introduction of 13-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine—Burkina Faso, 2011–2013. PLoS One. 2016;11(11):e0166384.
• Djingarey MH, Diomandé FV, Barry R, et al. Introduction and Rollout of a New Group A Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PsA-TT) in African Meningitis Belt Countries, 2010–2014. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;61(Suppl 5):S434–41.
• Diomandé FV, Djingarey MH, Daugla DM, et al. Public Health Impact After the Introduction of PsA-TT: The First 4 Years. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;61(Suppl 5):S467–72.
• Diomandé FV, Yameogo TM, Vannice KS, et al. Lessons Learned from Enhancing Vaccine Pharmacovigilance Activities during PsA-TT Introduction in African Countries, 2010–2013. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;61(Suppl 5):S459–66.
• Meyer SA, Kambou JL, Cohn A, et al. Serogroup A meningococcal conjugate (PsA-TT) vaccine coverage and measles vaccine coverage in Burkina Faso – Implications for introduction of PsA-TT into the Expanded Programme on Immunization. Vaccine. 2015;33(12):1492-8.
• MacNeil JR, Medah I, Koussoubé D, et al. Neisseria meningitis serogroup W, Burkina Faso, 2012. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(3):394-9.
• Tartof S, Cohn A, Tarbagndo F, et al. Identifying optimal vaccination strategies for serogroup A Neisseria meningitidis conjugate vaccine in the African meningitis belt. PLoS One. 2013: 8(5):e63605.
• Kristiansen PA, Diomandé F, Ba AK, et al. Impact of the serogroup A meningococcal conjugate vaccine, MenAfriVac, on carriage and herd immunity. Clin Infect Dis. 2013;56:354-63.
• Djingarey MH, Barry R, Bonkoungou M, et al. Effectively introducing a new meningococcal A conjugate vaccine in Africa: The Burkina Faso experience. Vaccine. 2012;30 Suppl 2:B40–5.
• Terranella A, Cohn A, Clark T. Meningococcal conjugate vaccines: optimizing global impact. Infect Drug Resist. 2011;4:161-9.
• Cohen C, Singh E, Wu HM, et al. Increased incidence of meningococcal disease in HIV-infected individuals associated with higher case-fatality ratios in South Africa.. AIDS. 2010;24(9):1351-60.
• Campagne G, Schuchat A, Djibo S, Ousseini A, Cisse L, Chippaux J. Epidemiology of bacterial meningococcal in Niamey, Niger, 1981-1996. Bull World Health Organ. 1999; 77: 499-508.

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Laboratory

• Potts CC, Retchless AC, McNamara LA, et al; Antimicrobial-Resistant Neisseria meningitidis Acquisition of ciprofloxacin resistance among an expanding clade of β-lactamase-positive, serogroup Y Neisseria meningitidis in the United States. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;73(7):1185–93.
• Retchless AC, Chen A, Chang HY, et al. Using Neisseria meningitidis genomic diversity to inform outbreak strain identification. PLoS Pathog. 2021;17(5):e1009586.
• Buono SA, Kelly RJ, Topaz N, et al. Web-based genome analysis of bacterial meningitis pathogens for public health applications using the Bacterial Meningitis Genomic Analysis Platform (BMGAP). Front Genet. 2020;11:601870.
• Chang H, Vyong J, Hu F, et al. Distribution of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup b (NmB) vaccine antigens in meningococcal disease causing isolates in the United States during 2009–2014, prior to NmB vaccine licensure. J Infect. 2019;79(5):426–34.
• Marjuki H, Topaz N, Rodriguez-Rivera LD, et al. Whole genome sequencing to characterize capsule locus and predict serogroup of invasive meningococcal isolates. J Clin Microbio. 2019;57(3):e01609-18.
• Ouattara M, Whaley MJ, Jenkins LT, et al. Triplex real-time PCR assay for the detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis and Haemophilus influenzae directly from clinical specimens without extraction of DNA. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2019;93(3):188–90.
• Retchless AC, Fox LM, Maiden MCJ, et al. Toward a global genomic epidemiology of meningococcal disease. J Infect Dis. 2019;220(220 Suppl 4):S266–73.
• Nichols M, Topaz N, Wang X, Wang X, Boxrud D. Draft genome sequences for a diverse set of isolates from 10 Neisseria species. Genome Announc. 2018;6(20):e00409–18.
• Potts CC, Joseph SJ, Chang HY, et al. Population structure of invasive Neisseria meningitidis in the United States, 2011–15. J Infect. 2018;77(5):427–34.
• Retchless AC, Kretz CB, Chang H, et al. Expansion of a urethritis-associated Neisseria meningitidis clade in the United States with concurrent acquisition of gonorrhoeae alleles. BMC Genomics. 2018;19:176.
• Retchless AC, Congo-Ouédraogo M, Kambiré D, et al. Molecular characterization of invasive meningococcal isolates in Burkina Faso as the relative importance of serogroups X and W increases, 2008–2012. BMC Infect Dis. 2018;18(1):337.
• Whaley MJ, Joseph SJ, Retchless AC, et al. Whole genome sequencing for investigations of meningococcal outbreaks in the United States: A retrospective analysis. Scientific Reports. 2018;8:15803.
• Kretz CB, Retchless AC, Sidikou F, et al. Whole-genome characterization of epidemic Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C and resurging serogroup W, Niger, 2015. Emerg Infect Dis. 2016. 22(10):1762–8.
• Retchless AC, Hu F, Ouedraogo AS, et al. The establishment and diversification of epidemic-associated serogroup W meningococcus in the African meningitis belt, 1994–2012. mSphere. 2016;1(6):1–11.
• Wang X, Schutt KA, Vuong JT, et al. Changes in the population structure of invasive Neisseria meningitidis in the United States after quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine licensure. J Infect Dis. 2015;211(12):1887–94.
• Collard JM, Wang X, Mahamane AE, et al. A five-year field assessment of rapid diagnostic tests for meningococcal meningitis in Niger by using the combination of conventional and real-time PCR assays as a gold standard. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2014;108(1):6-12.
• Hoiseth SK, Murphy E, Andrew L, et al. A multi-country evaluation of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B factor-H binding proteins and implications for vaccine coverage in different age groups. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2013;32(10):1096-101.
• Wu HM, Cordeiro SM, Harcourt BH, et al. Accuracy of real-time PCR, Gram stain and culture for Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis and Haemophilus influenzae meningitis diagnosis. BMC Infect Dis. 2013;22:13:26.
• Rishishwar L, Katz LS, Sharma NV, et al. Genomic basis of a polyagglutinating isolate of Neisseria meningitidis. J Bacteriol. 2012;194:5649–56.
• Thomas J, Hatcher CP, Satterfield DA, et al. sodC-based real-time PCR for detection of Neisseria meningitidis. PLoS One. 2011;6:e19361.
• Dolan Thomas J, Hatcher CP, Satterfield DA, et al. sodC-based real-time PCR for detection of Neisseria meningitidis. PLoS One. 2011;6:e19361.
• Harris SL, Zhu D, Murphy E, et al. Preclinical evidence for the potential of a vivalent fHBP vaccine to prevent Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C disease. Hum Vaccin. 2011;7:68-74.
• Katz LS, Humphrey JC, Conley AB, et al. Neisseria Base: a comparative genomics database for Neisseria meningitidis. Database. 2011;2011:bar035.
• Marsh JW, Shutt KA, Pajon R, et al. Diversity of factor H-binding protein in Neisseria meningitidis carriage isolates. Vaccine. 2011;29:6049-58.
• Wang X, Cohn A, Comanducci M, et al. Prevalence and genetic diversity of candidate vaccine antigens among invasive Neisseria meningitidis isolates in the United States. Vaccine. 2011;29:4739-44.
• Harrison LH, Shutt KA, Schmink S, et al. Population structure of Invasive Neisseria meningitidis isolates in the pre-meningococcal conjugate vaccine era, United States, 2000-2005. J Infect Dis. 2010;201:1208-24.
• Kislyuk AO, Katz LS, Agrawal S, et al. A computational genomics pipeline for microbial sequencing projects. Bioinformatics. 2010;26:1819-26.
• Katz LS, Bolen CR, Harcourt BH, et al. Meningococcus genome informatics platform: a system for analyzing multilocus sequence typing data. Nucleic Acids Res, 2009;37:606-11.
• Murphy E, Andrew L, Lee KL, et al. Sequence diversity of the Factor H binding protein vaccine candidate in epidemiologically relevant strains of serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis. J Infect Dis. 2009;200:379-89.
• Whitney AM, Coulson GB, von Gottberg A, et al. Genotypic comparison of invasive Neisseria meningitidis serogroup Y isolates from the United States, South Africa, and Israel, isolated from 1999 through 2002. J Clin Microbiol. 2009;47:2787-93.
• Borrow R, Carlone GM, Rosenstein N, et al. Neisseria meningitidis group B correlates of protection and assay standardization – International Meeting Report, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 16-17 March 2005. Vaccine. 2006;24:5093-107.
• Sejvar JJ, Johnson D, Popovic T, et al. Assessing the risk of laboratory-acquired meningococcal disease in the United States, 1996-2000. J Clin Microbiol. 2005;24:4811-4.
• Mothershed EA, Sacchi CT, Whitney AM, et al. Use of Real-Time PCR To Resolve Slide Agglutination Discrepancies in Serogroup Identification of Neisseria meningitidis. J Clin Microbiol. 2004;42(1):320-28.

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