Publications

Chapters, Manuals, and Guidelines

• Guidance for the Evaluation and Public Health Management of Suspected Outbreaks of Meningococcal Disease pdf icon[4 MB, 16 pages]
• Pink Book’s Chapter on Meningococcal Disease
  Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases
• Travelers’ Health: Yellow Book – Chapter on Meningococcal Disease
  CDC’s Health Information for International Travel (Prevention of Specific Infectious Diseases)
• Surveillance Manual’s Chapter on Meningococcal Disease
  Manual for the Surveillance of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases

Vaccine Recommendations and Licensures

View all current and historical meningococcal vaccine recommendations from the Advisory Committee for Immunization Practices. Current recommendations are also listed below:

• Meningococcal Vaccination: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, United States, 2020.

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Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Outbreaks

Domestic

• Crew PE, McNamara L, Waldron PE, McCulley L, Jones SC, Bersoff-Matcha SJ. Unusual Neisseria species as a cause of infection in patients taking eculizumabexternal icon. J Infect. 2019;78(2):113–8.
• Granoff DM, Kim H, Topaz N, MacNeil J, Wang X, McNamara LA. Differential effects of therapeutic complement inhibitors on serum bactericidal activity against nongroupable meningococcal isolates recovered from patients treated with eculizumabexternal icon. Haematologica. 2019 Jan 31. [Epub ahead of print]
• Mbaeyi SA, Joseph SJ, Blain A, Wang X, Hariri S, MacNeil JR. Meningococcal disease among college-aged young adults—United States, 2014–2016external icon. Pediatrics. 2019;143(1):e20182130.
• Soeters HM, McNamara LA, Blain AE, et al. for the Serogroup B Meningococcal Disease University Outbreak Group. University-based outbreaks of meningococcal disease caused by serogroup B, United States, 2013–2018. Emerg Infect Dis. 2019;25(3):434–40.
• Bozio CH, Blain A, MacNeil JR, et al. Meningococcal disease surveillance in men who have sex with men—United States, 2015–2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018;67(38)1060–3.
• Kempe A, Allison MA, MacNeil JR, et al. Adoption of serogroup B meningococcal vaccine recommendationsexternal icon. Pediatrics. 2018;142(3):e20180344.
• Mbaeyi SA, Blain A, Whaley MJ, Wang X, Cohn AC, MacNeil JR. Epidemiology of meningococcal disease outbreaks in the United States, 2009–2013external icon. Clin Infect Dis. 2018;68(4):580–5.
• McNamara LA, MacNeil JR, Cohn AC, Stephens DS. Mass chemoprophylaxis for control of outbreaks of meningococcal diseaseexternal icon. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018;18(9):e272–81.
• Nolfi-Donegan D, Konar M, Vianzon V, et al. Case report: Fatal nongroupable Neisseria meningitidis disease in a vaccinated patient receiving eculizumab. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018;24(8):1561–4.
• Oliver S, Mbaeyi SA. A review of global epidemiology and response to meningococcal disease outbreaks among men who have sex with men, 2001–2018external icon. Curr Epidemiol Rep. 2018;5(4):321–30.
• Spence Davizon E, Soeters HM, Miller L, Barnes M. Two cases of meningococcal disease in one family separated by an extended period of time—Colorado, 2015–2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018;67(12):366–8.

• McNamara LA, Topaz N, Wang X, Hariri S, Fox L, MacNeil J. High risk for invasive meningococcal disease among patients receiving eculizumab (Soliris) despite receipt of meningococcal vaccine. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2017;66(27):734–7.
• Cohn AC, MacNeil J, Harrison LH, et al. Effectiveness and Duration of Protection of a Single Dose of a Quadrivalent Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccinepdf iconexternal icon. Pediatrics. 2017;139(2).
• Bazan JA, Peterson AS, Kirkcaldy RD, et al. Notes from the Field. Increase in Neisseria meningitidis-associated Urethritis among Men — Ohio and Michigan, 2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016;65:550–2.
• Blain A, Mandal S, Wu H, et al. Penicillin Use in Meningococcal Disease Management, Active Bacterial Core Surveillance (ABCs) Sites, 2009external icon. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2016 Jul. 3(3): doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofw152
• Harris CM, Wu HM, Hall HI, et al. Meningococcal Disease in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: A Review of Cases Reported through Active Surveillance in the United States, 2000–2008external icon. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2016 Dec 20;ofw226. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofw226.
• Nanduri S, Foo C, Ngo V, et al. Outbreak of serogroup C meningococcal disease primarily affecting men who have sex with men — Southern California, 2016. MMWR. 2016;65:1–3.
• Breakwell L, Vogt TM, Fleming D, et al. Understanding factors affecting university A students’ decision to receive an unlicensed serogroup B meningococcal vaccineexternal icon. J Adolesc Health. 2016;59(4):457–64.
• Kamiya H, MacNeil JR, Blain A, et al. Notes from the Field: Meningococcal Disease among Men Who Have Sex with Men — United States, January 2012–June 2015. MMWR. 2015;64(44):1256–7.
• Cohn A, MacNeil J. The Changing Epidemiology of Meningococcal Diseaseexternal icon. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2015;29(4):667–77.
• McNamara LA, Shumate, AM, Johnsen P, et al. First use of a serogroup B meningococcal vaccines in the US in response to a university outbreakexternal icon. Pediatrics. 2015;135(5):798-804.
• MacNeil JR, Bennett N, Farley MM, et al. Epidemiology of infant meningococcal disease in the United States, 2006–2012external icon. Pediatrics. 2015;153(2):e305-11.
• Patel M, Romero-Steiner S, Broderick MP, et al. Persistence of serogroup C antibody responses following quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccination in United States military personnelexternal icon. Vaccine. 2014; 32(30):394-9.
• Wiringa AE, Shutt KA, Marsh JW, et al. Geotemporal analysis of Neisseria meningitidis clones in the United States: 2000-2005external icon. PLos One. 2013;8(12):e82048.
• Mandal S, Wu HM, MacNeil JR, et al. Prolonged university outbreak of meningococcal disease associated with a serogroup B strain rarely seen in the United States.external icon Clin Infect Dis. 2013;57:344-8.
• Cohn AC, Harrison LH. Meningococcal vaccines: current issues and future strategies.external icon Drugs. 2013;73:1147-55.
• Terranella A, Beekmann SE, Polgreen PM, Cohn A, Wu HM, Clark TA. Practice patterns of infectious disease physicians for management of meningococcal disease.external icon Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2012;31:e208–12.
• Cohn AC, Messonnier NE. Inching toward a serogroup B meningococcal vaccine for infants.external icon JAMA. 2012;307:614–5.
• MacNeil JR, Thomas JD, Cohn AC. Meningococcal disease: shifting epidemiology and genetic mechanisms that may contribute to serogroup C virulence.external icon Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2011;13:374-9.
• MacNeil JR, Cohn AC, Zell ER, et al. Early estimate of the effectiveness of quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine.external icon Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2011;30:451-5.
• Thigpen MC, Whitney CG, Messonnier NE, et al. Bacterial meningitis in the United States, 1998-2007external icon. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:2016-25.
• Cohn AC, MacNeil JR, Harrison LH, et al. Changes in Neisseria meningitidis disease epidemiology in the United States, 1998-2007: implications for prevention of meningococcal diseaseexternal icon. Clin Infect Dis. 2010;50:184-91.
• Wu HM, Harcourt BH, Hatcher CP, et al. Emergence of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Neisseria meningitidis in North Americaexternal icon. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:886-92.
• Weiss D, Stern EJ, Zimmerman C, et al. Epidemiologic investigation and targeted vaccination initiative in response to an outbreak of meningococcal disease among illicit drug users in Brooklyn, New Yorkexternal icon. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;48:894-901.
• CDC. Emergence of -resistant Neisseria meningitidis-Minnesota and North Dakota, 2007-2008. MMWR. 2008;57(07):173-5.
• Dull P, Abdelwahab J, Sacchi C, et al. Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup W-135 Carriage among US Travelers to the 2001 Hajjexternal icon. J Infect Dis. 2005;191:33-9.
• Rainbow J, Cebelinski E, Bartkus J, Glennen A, Boxrud D, Lynfield R. Rifampin-resistant Meningococcal Disease. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005;11(6):977-9.
• Shepard CW, Ortega-Sanchez IR, Scott RD, Rosenstein NE, ABCs Team. Cost-Effectiveness of Conjugate Meningococcal Vaccination Strategies in the United Statesexternal icon. Pediatrics. 2005;115(5):1220-32.
• McEllistrem MC, Kolano JA, Pass MA, et al. Correlating Epidemiologic Trends with the Genotypes Causing Meningococcal Disease, Maryland. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004;10(3):451-6.
• Shepard CW, Rosenstein NE, Fischer M, and the Active Bacterial Core Surveillance Team. Neonatal meningococcal disease in the United States, 1990-1999external icon. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2003;22:418-22.
• Kellerman S, McCombs K, Ray M, et al. Genotype-Specific Carriage of Neisseria meningitidis in Georgia Counties with Hyper- and Hyposporadic Rates of Meningococcal Diseaseexternal icon. J Infect Dis. 2002;186:40-8.
• Rosenstein N, Perkins B, Stephens D, Popovic T, Hughes J. Meningococcal Disease. NEJM. 2001; 344:1378-88.
• Sacchi C, Whitney A, Popovic T, et al. Diversity and prevalence of PorA types in Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B in the United States, 1992-1998external icon. J Infect Dis. 2000; 182:1169-76.
• CDC. Serogroup W-135 Meningococcal Disease Among Travelers Returning From Saudi Arabia – United States, 2000. MMWR. 2000;49(16):345-6.
• CDC. Meningococcal Disease – New England, 1993 – 1998. MMWR. 1999;48(29):629-33.
• CDC. Control and Prevention of Meningococcal Disease and Control and Prevention of Serogroup C Meningococcal Disease: Evaluation and Management of Suspected Outbreaks. MMWR. 1997;46(RR-5):1-51.
• CDC. Serogroup Y Meningococcal Disease – Illinois, Connecticut, and Selected Areas, United States, 1989-1996. MMWR. 1996;45(46):1010-4.
• CDC. Serogroup B Meningococcal Disease – Oregon, 1994. MMWR. 1995;44(07):121-4.

International

• Bozio CH, Vuong J, Dokubo EK, Fallah MP, McNamara LA, Potts CC, Doedeh J, Gbanya M, Retchless AC, Patel JC, Clark TA, Kohar H, Nagbe T, Clement P, Katawera V, Mahmoud N, Djingarey HM, Perrocheau A, Naidoo D, Stone M, George RN, et al. for the Liberian Meningococcal Outbreak Response Team. Outbreak of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C outside the meningitis belt, Liberia, 2017: An epidemiological and laboratory investigationexternal icon. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018;18(12)1360–7.
• Jackson ML, Diallo AO, Médah I, et. Initial validation of a simulation model for estimating the impact of serogroup A Neisseria meningitidis vaccination in the African meningitis beltexternal icon. PLoS One. 2018;13(10):e0206117.
• Sidikou F, Zaneidou M, Alkassoum I, et. al. Emergence of Epidemic Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup C in Niger, 2015: An Analysis of National Surveillance Dataexternal icon. Lancet Infect Dis. 2016;16(11):1288–94.
• Rondy M, Issifou D, Alkassoum IS, et al. Vaccine Effectiveness of Polysaccharide Vaccines Against Clinical Meningitis — Niamey, Niger, June 2015external icon. PLoS Currents. 2016 Apr 18. Edition 1.
• Kambiré D, Soeters HM, Ouédraogo-Traoré R, et al. Nationwide Trends in Pneumococcal Meningitis Before the Introduction of 13-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine—Burkina Faso, 2011–2013external icon. PLoS One. 2016;11(11):e0166384.
• Djingarey MH, Diomandé FV, Barry R, et al. Introduction and Rollout of a New Group A Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PsA-TT) in African Meningitis Belt Countries, 2010–2014external icon. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;61(Suppl 5):S434–41.
• Diomandé FV, Djingarey MH, Daugla DM, et al. Public Health Impact After the Introduction of PsA-TT: The First 4 Yearsexternal icon. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;61(Suppl 5):S467–72.
• Diomandé FV, Yameogo TM, Vannice KS, et al. Lessons Learned from Enhancing Vaccine Pharmacovigilance Activities during PsA-TT Introduction in African Countries, 2010–2013external icon. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;61(Suppl 5):S459–66.
• Meyer SA, Kambou JL, Cohn A, et al. Serogroup A meningococcal conjugate (PsA-TT) vaccine coverage and measles vaccine coverage in Burkina Faso – Implications for introduction of PsA-TT into the Expanded Programme on Immunizationexternal icon. Vaccine. 2015;33(12):1492-8.
• MacNeil JR, Medah I, Koussoubé D, et al. Neisseria meningitis serogroup W, Burkina Faso, 2012. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(3):394-9.
• Tartof S, Cohn A, Tarbagndo F, et al. Identifying optimal vaccination strategies for serogroup A Neisseria meningitidis conjugate vaccine in the African meningitis beltexternal icon. PLoS One. 2013: 8(5):e63605.
• Kristiansen PA, Diomandé F, Ba AK, et al. Impact of the serogroup A meningococcal conjugate vaccine, MenAfriVac, on carriage and herd immunity.external icon Clin Infect Dis. 2013;56:354-63.
• Djingarey MH, Barry R, Bonkoungou M, et al. Effectively introducing a new meningococcal A conjugate vaccine in Africa: The Burkina Faso experience.external icon Vaccine. 2012;30 Suppl 2:B40–5.
• Terranella A, Cohn A, Clark T. Meningococcal conjugate vaccines: optimizing global impact.external icon Infect Drug Resist. 2011;4:161-9.
• Cohen C, Singh E, Wu HM, et al. Increased incidence of meningococcal disease in HIV-infected individuals associated with higher case-fatality ratios in South Africa.external icon. AIDS. 2010;24(9):1351-60.
• Campagne G, Schuchat A, Djibo S, Ousseini A, Cisse L, Chippaux J. Epidemiology of bacterial meningococcal in Niamey, Niger, 1981-1996external icon. Bull World Health Organ. 1999; 77: 499-508.

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Laboratory

• Marjuki H, Topaz N, Rodriguez-Rivera LD, et al. Whole genome sequencing to characterize capsule locus and predict serogroup of invasive meningococcal isolatesexternal icon. J Clin Microbio. 2019;57(3):e01609-18.
• Ouattara M, Whaley MJ, Jenkins LT, et al. Triplex real-time PCR assay for the detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis and Haemophilus influenzae directly from clinical specimens without extraction of DNAexternal icon. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2019;93(3):188–90.
• Tzeng YL, Berman Z, Toh E, et al. Heteroresistance to the model antimicrobial peptide polymyxin B in the emerging Neisseria meningitidis2 urethritis clade: Mutations in the pilMNOPQ operonexternal icon. Mol Microbiol. 2019;111(1):254–68.
• Hao L, Holden MTG, Wang X, et al. Distinct evolutionary patterns of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B disease outbreaks at two universities in the USAexternal icon. Microb Genom. 2018;4(4).
• McNeil LK, Donald RGK, Gribenko A, et al. Predicting the susceptibility of meningococcal serogroup B isolates to bactericidal antibodies elicited by bivalent rLP2086, a novel prophylactic vaccineexternal icon. mBio. 2018;9(2):e00036-18.
• Nichols M, Topaz N, Wang X, Wang X, Boxrud D. Draft genome sequences for a diverse set of isolates from 10 Neisseria speciesexternal icon. Genome Announc. 2018;6(20):e00409–18.
• Potts CC, Joseph SJ, Chang HY, et al. Population structure of invasive Neisseria meningitidis in the United States, 2011–15external icon. J Infect. 2018;77(5):427–34.
• Retchless AC, Kretz CB, Chang H, et al. Expansion of a urethritis-associated Neisseria meningitidis clade in the United States with concurrent acquisition of gonorrhoeae allelesexternal icon. BMC Genomics. 2018;19:176.
• Retchless AC, Congo-Ouédraogo M, Kambiré D, et al. Molecular characterization of invasive meningococcal isolates in Burkina Faso as the relative importance of serogroups X and W increases, 2008–2012external icon. BMC Infect Dis. 2018;18(1):337.
• Whaley MJ, Joseph SJ, Retchless AC, et al. Whole genome sequencing for investigations of meningococcal outbreaks in the United States: A retrospective analysisexternal icon. Scientific Reports. 2018;8:15803.
• Kretz CB, Retchless AC, Sidikou F, et al. Whole-genome characterization of epidemic Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C and resurging serogroup W, Niger, 2015. Emerg Infect Dis. 2016. 22(10):1762–8.
• Retchless AC, Hu F, Ouedraogo AS, et al. The establishment and diversification of epidemic-associated serogroup W meningococcus in the African meningitis belt, 1994–2012external icon. mSphere. 2016;1(6):1–11.
• Wang X, Schutt KA, Vuong JT, et al. Changes in the population structure of invasive Neisseria meningitidis in the United States after quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine licensureexternal icon. J Infect Dis. 2015;211(12):1887–94.
• Collard JM, Wang X, Mahamane AE, et al. A five-year field assessment of rapid diagnostic tests for meningococcal meningitis in Niger by using the combination of conventional and real-time PCR assays as a gold standardexternal icon. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2014;108(1):6-12.
• Hoiseth SK, Murphy E, Andrew L, et al. A multi-country evaluation of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B factor-H binding proteins and implications for vaccine coverage in different age groupsexternal icon. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2013;32(10):1096-101.
• Wu HM, Cordeiro SM, Harcourt BH, et al. Accuracy of real-time PCR, Gram stain and culture for Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis and Haemophilus influenzae meningitis diagnosis.external icon BMC Infect Dis. 2013;22:13:26.
• Rishishwar L, Katz LS, Sharma NV, et al. Genomic basis of a polyagglutinating isolate of Neisseria meningitidisexternal icon. J Bacteriol. 2012;194:5649–56.
• Thomas J, Hatcher CP, Satterfield DA, et al. sodC-based real-time PCR for detection of Neisseria meningitidisexternal icon. PLoS One. 2011;6:e19361.
• Dolan Thomas J, Hatcher CP, Satterfield DA, et al. sodC-based real-time PCR for detection of Neisseria meningitidisexternal icon. PLoS One. 2011;6:e19361.
• Harris SL, Zhu D, Murphy E, et al. Preclinical evidence for the potential of a vivalent fHBP vaccine to prevent Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C diseaseexternal icon. Hum Vaccin. 2011;7:68-74.
• Katz LS, Humphrey JC, Conley AB, et al. Neisseria Base: a comparative genomics database for Neisseria meningitidisexternal icon. Database. 2011;2011:bar035.
• Marsh JW, Shutt KA, Pajon R, et al. Diversity of factor H-binding protein in Neisseria meningitidis carriage isolatesexternal icon. Vaccine. 2011;29:6049-58.
• Wang X, Cohn A, Comanducci M, et al. Prevalence and genetic diversity of candidate vaccine antigens among invasive Neisseria meningitidis isolates in the United Statesexternal icon. Vaccine. 2011;29:4739-44.
• Harrison LH, Shutt KA, Schmink S, et al. Population structure of Invasive Neisseria meningitidis isolates in the pre-meningococcal conjugate vaccine era, United States, 2000-2005external icon. J Infect Dis. 2010;201:1208-24.
• Kislyuk AO, Katz LS, Agrawal S, et al. A computational genomics pipeline for microbial sequencing projectsexternal icon. Bioinformatics. 2010;26:1819-26.
• Katz LS, Bolen CR, Harcourt BH, et al. Meningococcus genome informatics platform: a system for analyzing multilocus sequence typing dataexternal icon. Nucleic Acids Res, 2009;37:606-11.
• Murphy E, Andrew L, Lee KL, et al. Sequence diversity of the Factor H binding protein vaccine candidate in epidemiologically relevant strains of serogroup B Neisseria meningitidisexternal icon. J Infect Dis. 2009;200:379-89.
• Whitney AM, Coulson GB, von Gottberg A, et al. Genotypic comparison of invasive Neisseria meningitidis serogroup Y isolates from the United States, South Africa, and Israel, isolated from 1999 through 2002external icon. J Clin Microbiol. 2009;47:2787-93.
• Borrow R, Carlone GM, Rosenstein N, et al. Neisseria meningitidis group B correlates of protection and assay standardization – International Meeting Report, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 16-17 March 2005external icon. Vaccine. 2006;24:5093-107.
• Sejvar JJ, Johnson D, Popovic T, et al. Assessing the risk of laboratory-acquired meningococcal disease in the United States, 1996-2000external icon. J Clin Microbiol. 2005;24:4811-4.
• Mothershed EA, Sacchi CT, Whitney AM, et al. Use of Real-Time PCR To Resolve Slide Agglutination Discrepancies in Serogroup Identification of Neisseria meningitidisexternal icon. J Clin Microbiol. 2004;42(1):320-28.

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