Issue 44, November 5, 2012
Vol. 4, Issue: 44, 11/5/12
The report consists of four components:
One of several recent CDC authored articles on a large mumps outbreak leads off this week’s featured articles. AE Barskeyexternal icon and colleagues, writing in the New England Journal of Medicine, conclude that this outbreak within an Orthodox Jewish community was facilitated by intensity of exposure, while high rates of full vaccination coverage reduced disease severity and overall transmission. A disease more newly preventable by vaccination, rotavirus, is the subject of the modeling study conducted by MM Patelexternal icon et al, who find that in low and middle income countries, less age-restrictive use of rotavirus vaccine has the potential to save additional lives.
The complex intertwinings of two globally important communicable diseases-TB and HIV-are analyzed by a JS Cavanaughexternal icon led group, who find a difference in mortality between smear-negative pulmonary TB in patients with HIV in the US compared to similar patients in high-burden TB countries. Staying “globally local”, a report from Oregon led by ML Eberhardexternal icon documents only the second domestic case of ocular onchocerciasis.
Diverse aspects of laboratory science are featured prominently in Clips this week. A report from the Association for Molecular Pathology first authored by I Schrijverexternal icon provides a comprehensive overview of clinical diagnostic genome sequencing. The study by GS Buzardexternal icon et al, which represents a collaboration between CDC and the U.S. Army Research Institute for Infectious Diseases, provides details on optimal use of real-time PCR for detection of bioterrorism threat agents. Also writing about real-time PCR, KM Tatti and ML Tondellaexternal icon summarize use of this method for diagnosis of Bordatella species, including the causative agent of pertussis.
We conclude this week’s features with articles related broadly to environmental and occupational health. Perceptions of the safety of tap water might impact intake of plain water and sugar-sweetened beverages, according to survey data published by SJ Onufrakexternal icon and colleagues. EJ Sinkuleexternal icon and colleagues report an evaluation of N95 respirator use with a surgical mask cover on breathing resistance and inhaled carbon dioxide, an analysis which may have implications for pandemic respiratory protection recommendations. Finally, the animal data presented by P Stapleton et al about the impact of inhaled carbon nanotubes on coronary vascular resistance provides a cautionary note about potential toxicities of nanotechnology.
John Iskander
Editor, Science Clips
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Top Ten Articles of the Week
Selected weekly by a senior CDC scientist from the standard sections listed below.
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Communicable Diseases
- Mumps outbreak in Orthodox Jewish communities in the United Statesexternal icon
Barskey AE, Schulte C, Rosen JB, Handschur EF, Rausch-Phung E, Doll MK, Cummings KP, Alleyne EO, High P, Lawler J, Apostolou A, Blog D, Zimmerman CM, Montana B, Harpaz R, Hickman CJ, Rota PA, Rota JS, Bellini WJ, Gallagher KM.
N Engl J Med. 2012 Nov;367(18):1704-13.
- Survival among patients with HIV infection and smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis – United States, 1993-2006external icon
Cavanaugh JS, Shah NS, Cain KP, Winston CA.
PLoS One. 2012 ;7(10):e47855.
- Mumps outbreak in Orthodox Jewish communities in the United Statesexternal icon
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Genetics and Genomics
- Opportunities and challenges associated with clinical diagnostic genome sequencing: a report of the association for molecular pathologyexternal icon
Schrijver I, Aziz N, Farkas DH, Furtado M, Gonzalez AF, Greiner TC, Grody WW, Hambuch T, Kalman L, Kant JA, Klein RD, Leonard DG, Lubin IM, Mao R, Nagan N, Pratt VM, Sobel ME, Voelkerding KV, Gibson JS.
J Mol Diagn. 2012 Nov;14(6):525-40.
- Opportunities and challenges associated with clinical diagnostic genome sequencing: a report of the association for molecular pathologyexternal icon
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Immunity and Immunization
- Removing the age restrictions for rotavirus vaccination: a benefit-risk modeling analysisexternal icon
Patel MM, Clark AD, Sanderson CF, Tate J, Parashar UD.
PLoS Med. 2012 Oct;9(10):e1001330.
- Removing the age restrictions for rotavirus vaccination: a benefit-risk modeling analysisexternal icon
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Laboratory Sciences
- Multi-platform comparison of ten commercial master mixes for probe-based real-time polymerase chain reaction detection of bioterrorism threat agents for surge preparednessexternal icon
Buzard GS, Baker D, Wolcott MJ, Norwood DA, Dauphin LA.
Forensic Sci Int. 2012 Oct 26.
- Impairment of coronary arteriolar endothelium-dependent dilation after multi-walled carbon nanotube inhalation: a time-course study
Stapleton P, Minarchick V, Cumpston A, McKinney W, Chen B, Sager T, Frazer D, Mercer R, Scabilloni J, Andrew M, Castranova V, Nurkiewicz T.
Int J Mol Sci. 2012 ;13(11):13781-13803.
- Utilization of multiple real-time PCR assays for the diagnosis of Bordetella spp. in clinical specimensexternal icon
Tatti KM, Tondella ML.
Methods Mol Biol. 2013 ;943:135-47.
- Multi-platform comparison of ten commercial master mixes for probe-based real-time polymerase chain reaction detection of bioterrorism threat agents for surge preparednessexternal icon
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Nutritional Sciences
- The relationship of perceptions of tap water safety with intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and plain water among US adultsexternal icon
Onufrak SJ, Park S, Sharkey JR, Sherry B.
Public Health Nutr. 2012 Oct 26:1-7.
- The relationship of perceptions of tap water safety with intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and plain water among US adultsexternal icon
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Occupational Safety and Health
- Evaluation of N95 respirator use with a surgical mask cover: effects on breathing resistance and inhaled carbon dioxideexternal icon
Sinkule EJ, Powell JB, Goss FL.
Ann Occup Hyg. 2012 Oct 29.
- Evaluation of N95 respirator use with a surgical mask cover: effects on breathing resistance and inhaled carbon dioxideexternal icon
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Parasitic Diseases
- Ocular zoonotic Onchocerca infection in a resident of Oregonexternal icon
Eberhard ML, Sims AC, Bishop HS, Mathison BA, Hoffman RS.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2012 Oct 29.
- Ocular zoonotic Onchocerca infection in a resident of Oregonexternal icon
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CDC Authored Publications
The names of CDC authors are indicated in bold text.
Articles published in the past 6-8 weeks authored by CDC or ATSDR staff.-
Chronic Diseases and Conditions
- Disparities in prevalence of key chronic diseases by gender and race/ethnicity among antiretroviral-treated HIV-infected adults in the USexternal icon
Buchacz K, Baker RK, Palella FJ, Shaw L, Patel P, Lichtenstein KA, Chmiel JS, Vellozzi C, Debes R, Henry K, Overton ET, Bush TJ, Tedaldi E, Carpenter C, Mayer KH, Brooks JT.
Antivir Ther. 2012 Oct 30.
- Esophageal cancer in Canada: trends according to morphology and anatomical locationexternal icon
Otterstatter MC, Brierley JD, De P, Ellison LF, Macintyre M, Marrett LD, Semenciw R, Weir HK.
Can J Gastroenterol. 2012 Oct;26(10):723-7.
- Mental and physical health-related quality of life among U.S. cancer survivors: population estimates from the 2010 National Health Interview Surveyexternal icon
Weaver KE, Forsythe LP, Reeve BB, Alfano CM, Rodriguez JL, Sabatino SA, Hawkins NA, Rowland JH.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2012 Oct 30.
- Removing the stress from selecting instruments: arming social workers to take leadership in routine distress screening implementationexternal icon
Rohan EA.
J Psychosoc Oncol. 2012 Nov;30(6):667-78.
- Disparities in prevalence of key chronic diseases by gender and race/ethnicity among antiretroviral-treated HIV-infected adults in the USexternal icon
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Communicable Diseases
- Infectious disease mortality rates, Thailand, 1958-2009external icon
Aungkulanon S, McCarron M, Lertiendumrong J, Olsen SJ, Bundhamcharoen K.
Emerg Infect Dis. 2012 Nov;18(11):1794-801.
- Bartonella spp. bacteremia and rheumatic symptoms in patients from Lyme disease-endemic regionexternal icon
Beard CB, Nelson CA, Mead PS, Petersen LR.
Emerg Infect Dis. 2012 Nov;18(11):1918-9.
- Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 15A in psychiatric unit, Rhode Island, USA, 2010-2011external icon
Fleming-Dutra K, Mbaeyi C, Link-Gelles R, Alexander N, Guh A, Forbes E, Beall B, Winchell JM, Carvalho MG, Pimenta F, Kodani M, Vanner C, Stevens H, Brady D, Caulcrick-Grimes M, Bandy U, Moore MR.
Emerg Infect Dis. 2012 Nov;18(11):1889-93.
- Call to action on World Pneumonia Dayexternal icon
Hajjeh R, Whitney CG.
Emerg Infect Dis. 2012 Nov;18(11):1898-9.
- Burden of Clostridium difficile infection in long-term care facilities in Monroe County, New Yorkexternal icon
Pawar D, Tsay R, Nelson DS, Elumalai MK, Lessa FC, McDonald LC, Dumyati G.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2012 Nov;33(11):1107-12.
- The first reported cases of Q fever endocarditis in Thailand
Pachirat O, Fournier PE, Pussadhamma B, Taksinachanekij S, Lulitanond V, Baggett HC, Thamthitiwat S, Watt G, Raoult D, Maloney SA.
Infect Dis Rep. 2012 ;4(1):17-18.
- Epidemiology of a mumps outbreak in a highly vaccinated island population and use of a third dose of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine for outbreak control- Guam 2009-2010external icon
Nelson GE, Aguon A, Valencia E, Oliva R, Guerrero ML, Reyes R, Lizama A, Diras D, Mathew A, Camacho EJ, Monforte MN, Chen TH, Mahamud A, Kutty PK, Hickman C, Bellini WJ, Seward JF, Gallagher K, Fiebelkorn AP.
Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2012 Oct 24.
- Prevalence of seropositivity to pandemic influenza A/H1N1 virus in the United States following the 2009 pandemicexternal icon
Reed C, Katz J, Hancock K, Balish A, Fry A.
PLoS One. 2012 .
- Selecting nonpharmaceutical strategies to minimize influenza spread: the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic and beyondexternal icon
Barrios LC, Koonin LM, Kohl KS, Cetron M.
Public Health Rep. 2012 Nov;127(6):565-71.
- Infectious disease mortality rates, Thailand, 1958-2009external icon
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Disease Reservoirs and Vectors
- Entomologic investigations during an outbreak of West Nile virus disease in Maricopa County, Arizona, 2010external icon
Godsey MS, Burkhalter K, Young G, Delorey M, Smith K, Townsend J, Levy C, Mutebi JP.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2012 Oct 29.
- Transmission ecology of Sin Nombre hantavirus in naturally infected North American deermouse populations in outdoor enclosuresexternal icon
Bagamian KH, Towner JS, Kuenzi AJ, Douglass RJ, Rollin PE, Waller LA, Mills JN.
PLoS One. 2012 ;7(10):e47731.
- Entomologic investigations during an outbreak of West Nile virus disease in Maricopa County, Arizona, 2010external icon
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Environmental Health
- Lactational exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers and its relation to social and emotional development among toddlersexternal icon
Hoffman K, Adgent M, Goldman BD, Sjodin A, Daniels JL.
Environ Health Perspect. 2012 Oct;120(10):1438-42.
- Prenatal exposure to butylbenzyl phthalate and early eczema in an urban cohortexternal icon
Just AC, Whyatt RM, Perzanowski MS, Calafat AM, Perera FP, Goldstein IF, Chen Q, Rundle AG, Miller RL.
Environ Health Perspect. 2012 Oct;120(10):1475-80.
- Maternal concentrations of polyfluoroalkyl compounds during pregnancy and fetal and postnatal growth in British girlsexternal icon
Maisonet M, Terrell ML, McGeehin MA, Christensen KY, Holmes A, Calafat AM, Marcus M.
Environ Health Perspect. 2012 Oct;120(10):1432-7.
- Lactational exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers and its relation to social and emotional development among toddlersexternal icon
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Epidemiology and Surveillance
- HIV screening in the health care setting: status, barriers, and potential solutionsexternal icon
Rizza SA, MacGowan RJ, Purcell DW, Branson BM, Temesgen Z.
Mayo Clin Proc. 2012 Sep;87(9):915-24.
- Assessing measurement error in Medicare coverage from the National Health Interview Survey
Gindi R, Cohen RA.
Medicare Medicaid Res Rev. 2012 ;2(2):E1-E15.
- Comparison of acute viral hepatitis data quality using two methodologies, 2005-2007external icon
Iqbal K, Klevens RM, Jiles R.
Public Health Rep. 2012 Nov;127(6):591-7.
- HIV screening in the health care setting: status, barriers, and potential solutionsexternal icon
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Immunity and Immunization
- Detection of anti-yellow fever virus immunoglobulin M antibodies at 3-4 years following yellow fever vaccinationexternal icon
Gibney KB, Edupuganti S, Panella AJ, Kosoy OI, Delorey MJ, Lanciotti RS, Mulligan MJ, Fischer M, Staples JE.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2012 Oct 29.
- Detection of anti-yellow fever virus immunoglobulin M antibodies at 3-4 years following yellow fever vaccinationexternal icon
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Laboratory Sciences
- Miniature dual-corona ionizer for bipolar charging of aerosol
Qi C, Kulkarni P.
Aerosol Sci Tech. 2012 2013/01/01;47(1):81-92.
- Organic and elemental carbon filter sets: preparation method and interlaboratory resultsexternal icon
Chai M, Birch ME, Deye G.
Ann Occup Hyg. 2012 Oct;56(8):959-67.
- Additional diagnostic yield of adding serology to PCR in diagnosing viral acute respiratory infections in Kenyan patients >/= 5 years oldexternal icon
Feikin DR, Njenga MK, Bigogo G, Aura B, Gikunju S, Balish A, Katz MA, Erdman D, Breiman RF.
Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2012 Oct 31.
- Interlaboratory standardization of the sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay designed for MATS, a rapid, reproducible method for estimating the strain coverage of investigational vaccinesexternal icon
Plikaytis BD, Stella M, Boccadifuoco G, Detora LM, Agnusdei M, Santini L, Brunelli B, Orlandi L, Simmini I, Giuliani M, Ledroit M, Hong E, Taha MK, Ellie K, Rajam G, Carlone GM, Claus H, Vogel U, Borrow R, Findlow J, Gilchrist S, Stefanelli P, Fazio C, Carannante A, Oksnes J, Fritzsonn E, Klem AM, Caugant DA, Abad R, Vazquez JA, Rappuoli R, Pizza M, Donnelly JJ, Medini D.
Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2012 Oct;19(10):1609-17.
- Optimization of a small tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) agonist 7,8-dihydroxyflavone active in mouse models of depressionexternal icon
Liu X, Chan CB, Qi Q, Xiao G, Luo HR, He X, Ye K.
J Med Chem. 2012 Oct 11;55(19):8524-37.
- Species identification of invasive yeasts including Candida in Pakistan: limitations of phenotypic methods
Farooqi J, Jabeen K, Saeed N, Zafar A, Brandt ME, Hasan R.
J Pak Med Assoc. 2012 October;62(10):995-998.
- Detection of pathogenic Leptospira spp. through real-time PCR (qPCR) targeting the lipL32 geneexternal icon
Stoddard RA.
Methods Mol Biol. 2013 ;943:257-66.
- Detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae by real-time PCRexternal icon
Winchell JM, Mitchell SL.
Methods Mol Biol. 2013 ;943:149-58.
- Miniature dual-corona ionizer for bipolar charging of aerosol
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Maternal and Child Health
- Febrile illness with papular and vesicular exanthem and ulceronecrotic plaquesexternal icon
Castelo-Soccio LA, Nguyen J, Rubin AI, Paddock CD, Shah KN.
Pediatr Dermatol. 2012 Nov;29(6):765-6.
- Modelling fortification of corn masa flour with folic acid and the potential impact on Mexican-American women with lower acculturationexternal icon
Hamner HC, Tinker SC, Flores AL, Mulinare J, Weakland AP, Dowling NF.
Public Health Nutr. 2012 Nov 1:1-9.
- Febrile illness with papular and vesicular exanthem and ulceronecrotic plaquesexternal icon
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Occupational Safety and Health
- Serial evaluations at an indium-tin oxide production facilityexternal icon
Cummings KJ, Suarthana E, Edwards N, Liang X, Stanton ML, Day GA, Saito R, Kreiss K.
Am J Ind Med. 2012 Oct 25.
- Effects of common agricultural tasks on measures of hearing lossexternal icon
Humann MJ, Sanderson WT, Gerr F, Kelly KM, Merchant JA.
Am J Ind Med. 2012 Oct;55(10):904-16.
- Interventions to prevent occupational noise-induced hearing lossexternal icon
Verbeek JH, Kateman E, Morata TC, Dreschler WA, Mischke C.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 ;10:CD006396.
- The value of periodic spirometry for early recognition of long-term excessive lung function decline in individualsexternal icon
Hnizdo E.
J Occup Environ Med. 2012 Oct 30.
- The Upper Midwest Health Study: gliomas and occupational exposure to chlorinated solventsexternal icon
Ruder AM, Yiin JH, Waters MA, Carreon T, Hein MJ, Butler MA, Calvert GM, Davis-King KE, Schulte PA, Mandel JS, Morton RF, Reding DJ, Rosenman KD, Stewart PA.
Occup Environ Med. 2012 Oct 26.
- Differences in folic acid use, prenatal care, smoking, and drinking in early pregnancy by occupationexternal icon
Agopian AJ, Lupo PJ, Herdt-Losavio ML, Langlois PH, Rocheleau CM, Mitchell LE.
Prev Med. 2012 Oct;55(4):341-345.
- Serial evaluations at an indium-tin oxide production facilityexternal icon
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Public Health Leadership and Management
- Appropriate antibiotic use: family physicians have the power of the penexternal icon
Roberts RM, Hicks LA.
Am Fam Physician. 2012 Nov 1;86(9):810.
- Experience and education of home health administrators and nursing home administrators and the relationship to establishment ownershipexternal icon
Decker FH, Decker SL.
J Health Hum Serv Adm. 2012 Fall;35(2):149-69.
- Appropriate antibiotic use: family physicians have the power of the penexternal icon
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Public Health, General
- National Bone Health Alliance Bone Turnover Marker Project: current practices and the need for US harmonization, standardization, and common reference rangesexternal icon
Bauer D, Krege J, Lane N, Leary E, Libanati C, Miller P, Myers G, Silverman S, Vesper HW, Lee D, Payette M, Randall S.
Osteoporos Int. 2012 Oct;23(10):2425-33.
- National Bone Health Alliance Bone Turnover Marker Project: current practices and the need for US harmonization, standardization, and common reference rangesexternal icon
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Reproductive Health
- The effect of follow-up visits or contacts after contraceptive initiation on method continuation and correct useexternal icon
Steenland MW, Zapata LB, Brahmi D, Marchbanks PA, Curtis KM.
Contraception. 2012 Oct 29.
- Preconception health of reproductive aged women of the Mississippi River Deltaexternal icon
Bish CL, Farr S, Johnson D, McAnally R.
Matern Child Health J. 2012 Oct 26.
- The effect of follow-up visits or contacts after contraceptive initiation on method continuation and correct useexternal icon
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Key Scientific Articles in Featured Topic Areas
Subject matter experts decide what topic to feature, and articles are selected from the last 3 to 6 months of published literature. Key topic coincides monthly with other CDC products (e.g. Vital Signs).
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Communicable Diseases – Influenza
- Efficacy and immunogenicity of influenza vaccine in HIV-infected children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trialexternal icon
Madhi SA, Dittmer S, Kuwanda L, Venter M, Cassim H, Lazarus E, Thomas T, et al.
AIDS. 2012 Oct 1.
- Neighborhood determinants of 2009 pandemic A/H1N1 influenza vaccination in Montreal, Quebec, Canadaexternal icon
Brien S, Kwong JC, Charland KM, Verma AD, Brownstein JS, Buckeridge DL.
Am J Epidemiol. 2012 Oct 16.
- Effectiveness of a school district closure for pandemic influenza A (H1N1) on acute respiratory illnesses in the community: a natural experimentexternal icon
Copeland DL, Basurto-Davila R, Chung W, Kurian A, Fishbein DB, Szymanowski P, Zipprich J, et al.
Clin Infect Dis. 2012 Oct 19.
- Moderate influenza vaccine effectiveness with variable effectiveness by match between circulating and vaccine strains in Australian adults aged 20-64 years, 2007-2011external icon
Kelly HA, Sullivan SG, Grant KA, Fielding JE.
Influenza Other Respi Viruses. 2012 Oct 19.
- Validation of a PLEX-ID flu device for simultaneous detection and identification of influenza viruses A and Bexternal icon
Tang YW, Lowery KS, Valsamakis A, Schaefer VC, Chappell JD, White-Abell J, Quinn CD, et al.
J Clin Microbiol. 2012 Oct 17.
- Increase in rates of hospitalization due to laboratory-confirmed influenza among children and adults during the 2009-10 influenza pandemicexternal icon
Cox CM, D’Mello T, Perez A, Reingold A, Gershman K, Yousey-Hindes K, Arnold KE, et al.
J Infect Dis. 2012 Nov;206(9):1350-1358.
- 1976 and 2009 H1N1 influenza virus vaccines boost anti-hemagglutinin stalk antibodies in humansexternal icon
Miller MS, Tsibane T, Krammer F, Hai R, Rahmat S, Basler CF, Palese P.
J Infect Dis. 2012 Oct 18.
- A Phase II study of DAS181, a novel host directed antiviral for the treatment of influenza infectionexternal icon
Moss RB, Hansen C, Sanders RL, Hawley S, Li T, Steigbigel RT.
J Infect Dis. 2012 Oct 8.
- Mortality burden of the 2009 A/H1N1 influenza pandemic in France: comparison to seasonal influenza and the A/H3N2 pandemicexternal icon
Lemaitre M, Carrat F, Rey G, Miller M, Simonsen L, Viboud C.
PLoS One. 2012 ;7(9):e45051.
- Autoimmune disorders after immunisation with Influenza A/H1N1 vaccines with and without adjuvant: EudraVigilance data and literature reviewexternal icon
Isai A, Durand J, Le Meur S, Hidalgo-Simon A, Kurz X.
Vaccine. 2012 Sep 26.
- Efficacy and immunogenicity of influenza vaccine in HIV-infected children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trialexternal icon
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Public Health Articles Noted in the Media
Articles about important public health topics that have been mentioned in the press.
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MMWR in the Media
- Diabetes death rates among youths aged </=19 years – United States, 1968-2009
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2012 Nov 2;61(43):869-72.
- Evaluation of 11 commercially available rapid influenza diagnostic tests – United States, 2011-2012
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2012 Nov 2;61(43):873-6.
- Diabetes death rates among youths aged </=19 years – United States, 1968-2009
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Communicable Diseases
- Prevalence of seropositivity to pandemic influenza A/H1N1 virus in the United States following the 2009 pandemicexternal icon
Reed C, Katz J, Hancock K, Balish A, Fry A.
PLoS One. 2012 .
- Prevalence of seropositivity to pandemic influenza A/H1N1 virus in the United States following the 2009 pandemicexternal icon
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Substance Use and Abuse
- Myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death in Olmsted County, Minnesota, before and after smoke-free workplace lawsexternal icon
Hurt RD, Weston SA, Ebbert JO, McNallan SM, Croghan IT, Schroeder DR, Roger VL.
Arch Intern Med. 2012 Oct 29:1-7.
- Myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death in Olmsted County, Minnesota, before and after smoke-free workplace lawsexternal icon
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CDC Science Clips Production Staff:
- John Iskander, MD MPH, Editor
- Rebecca Satterthwaite, MS, Librarian
- Gail Bang, MLIS, Librarian
- Deidre Thomas, MLS, Librarian
- Kathleen Connick, MSLS, Librarian
- Joseph Dunlap, Web Developer
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DISCLAIMER: Articles listed in the CDC Science Clips are selected by the Stephen B. Thacker CDC Library to provide current awareness of the public health literature. An article’s inclusion does not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention nor does it imply endorsement of the article’s methods or findings. CDC and DHHS assume no responsibility for the factual accuracy of the items presented. The selection, omission, or content of items does not imply any endorsement or other position taken by CDC or DHHS. Opinion, findings and conclusions expressed by the original authors of items included in the Clips, or persons quoted therein, are strictly their own and are in no way meant to represent the opinion or views of CDC or DHHS. References to publications, news sources, and non-CDC Websites are provided solely for informational purposes and do not imply endorsement by CDC or DHHS.