Table 2. Number of Studies Using Control Measures for MDROs Employed in Studies Performed in Healthcare Settings, 1982-2005
Management of Multidrug-Resistant Organisms in Healthcare Settings (2006)
The format of this section was changed to improve readability and accessibility. The content is unchanged.
| Focus of MDRO Study | MDR-GNB (n=30)
No. (%) |
MRSA (n=35)
No. (%) |
VRE (n=39)
No. (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Education of staff, patients or visitors | 19 (63) | 11 (31) | 20 (53) |
| Emphasis on handwashing | 16 (53) | 21 (60) | 9 (23) |
| Use of antiseptics for handwashing | 8 (30) | 12 (36) | 16 (41) |
| Contact Precautions or glove use α | 20 (67) | 27 (77) | 34 (87) |
| Private Rooms | 4 (15) | 10 (28) | 10 (27) |
| Segregation of cases | 4 (15) | 3 (9) | 5 (14) |
| Cohorting of Patients | 11 (37) | 12 (34) | 14 (36) |
| Cohorting of Staff | 2 (7) | 6 (17) | 9 (23) |
| Change in Antimicrobial Use | 12 (41) | 1 (3) | 17 (44) |
| Surveillance cultures of patients | 19 (63) | 34 (97) | 36 (92) |
| Surveillance cultures of staff | 9 (31) | 8 (23) | 7 (19) |
| Environmental cultures | 15 (50) | 14 (42) | 15 (38) |
| Extra cleaning & disinfection | 11 (37) | 7 (21) | 20 (51) |
| Dedicated Equipment | 5 (17) | 0 | 12 (32) |
| Decolonization | 3 (10) | 25 (71) | 4 (11) |
| Ward closure to new admission or to all patients | 6 (21) | 4 (12) | 5 (14) |
| Other miscellaneous measures | 6 (22) β | 9 (27) χ | 17 (44) δ |
α Contact Precautions mentioned specifically, use of gloves with gowns or aprons mentioned, barrier precautions, strict isolation, all included under this heading
β includes signage, record flagging, unannounced inspections, selective decontamination, and peer compliance monitoring (1 to 4 studies employing any of these measures)
χ includes requirements for masks, signage, record tracking, alerts, early discharge, and preventive isolation of new admissions pending results of screening cultures (1 to 4 studies employing any of these measures)
δ includes computer flags, signage, requirement for mask, one-to-one nursing, changing type of thermometer used, and change in rounding sequence (1 to 7 studies employing any of these measures)
MDR-GNBs: (6, 8, 9, 11, 16, 38, 174, 175, 180, 209, 210, 213-215, 218, 334, 388, 406, 407)
MRSA: (68, 89, 152, 153, 165-173, 183, 188, 194, 204, 205, 208, 240, 269, 279, 280, 289, 304,
312, 327, 365, 392, 397, 408-412)