Social Determinants of Health among Adults with Diagnosed HIV Infection, 2019: Tables

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Table 1. Diagnoses of HIV infection among adults, by age at diagnosis, sex at birth, and selected social determinants of health, 2019—census tract level, United States and Puerto Rico
18–24 years 25–34 years 35–44 years
No. Pop. Rate No. Pop. Rate No. Pop. Rate
Male
Below federal poverty level (%)
<6 660 3,392,525 19.5 1,159 5,223,820 22.2 654 5,769,744 11.3
6.00–10.99 1,086 3,999,437 27.2 2,053 6,691,131 30.7 969 6,015,088 16.1
11.00–17.99 1,377 3,641,464 37.8 2,384 5,811,207 41.0 1,136 4,827,491 23.5
 ≥18 2,060 4,728,996 43.6 3,340 5,211,090 64.1 1,473 3,951,530 37.3
Less than high school diploma (%)
<6 903 4,908,909 18.4 1,616 6,084,817 26.6 805 5,753,174 14.0
6.00–9.99 995 3,357,774 29.6 1,639 5,199,239 31.5 815 4,705,855 17.3
10.00–16.99 1,347 3,594,525 37.5 2,343 5,608,164 41.8 1,039 4,957,768 21.0
 ≥17 1,942 4,009,723 48.4 3,341 6,121,043 54.6 1,573 5,204,344 30.2
Median household income (U.S. $)
<44,000 2,128 4,346,934 49.0 3,393 5,028,834 67.5 1,504 3,959,621 38.0
44,000–58,999 1,260 3,817,499 33.0 2,257 5,689,971 39.7 1,048 4,745,937 22.1
59,000–80,999 1,085 3,825,358 28.4 1,954 6,286,003 31.1 916 5,531,032 16.6
 ≥81,000 702 3,667,247 19.1 1,324 5,894,157 22.5 763 6,299,261 12.1
Without health insurance (%)
<4 456 3,335,592 13.7 827 4,426,529 18.7 484 4,516,760 10.7
4.00–7.99 992 4,357,145 22.8 1,690 6,213,498 27.2 850 5,650,206 15.0
8.00–13.99 1,415 4,033,099 35.1 2,402 6,087,079 39.5 1,040 5,218,253 19.9
 ≥14 2,322 4,091,016 56.8 4,017 6,211,150 64.7 1,858 5,178,709 35.9
Gini index (%)
<38 1,193 3,914,023 30.5 1,890 5,994,325 31.5 885 5,715,476 15.5
38.00–41.99 1,251 3,986,059 31.4 2,155 6,172,113 34.9 1,037 5,660,259 18.3
42.00–45.99 1,123 3,444,393 32.6 2,031 5,227,950 38.8 995 4,647,098 21.4
 ≥46 1,613 4,386,664 36.8 2,855 5,527,683 51.6 1,315 4,527,696 29.0
Subtotala 5,390 15,870,931 34.0 9,222 23,013,263 40.1 4,378 20,621,141 21.2
Female
Below federal poverty level (%)
<6 74 3,093,848 2.4 148 5,217,254 2.8 147 5,952,473 2.5
6.00–10.99 124 3,721,023 3.3 324 6,518,642 5.0 255 6,004,172 4.2
11.00–17.99 153 3,487,665 4.4 389 5,601,797 6.9 335 4,787,349 7.0
 ≥18 356 4,732,624 7.5 659 5,087,811 13.0 557 4,023,799 13.8
Less than high school diploma (%)
<6 93 4,770,844 1.9 182 6,067,249 3.0 162 5,918,280 2.7
6.00–9.99 97 3,224,094 3.0 248 5,140,208 4.8 205 4,794,676 4.3
10.00–16.99 194 3,413,627 5.7 409 5,541,341 7.4 364 5,038,082 7.2
 ≥17 323 3,690,973 8.8 681 5,681,550 12.0 563 5,019,183 11.2
Median household income (U.S. $)
<44,000 366 4,319,818 8.5 705 4,990,992 14.1 572 4,092,302 14.0
44,000–58,999 157 3,556,014 4.4 364 5,432,452 6.7 302 4,693,332 6.4
59,000–80,999 116 3,615,726 3.2 267 6,089,690 4.4 264 5,500,735 4.8
 ≥81,000 68 3,451,084 2.0 184 5,905,235 3.1 155 6,476,553 2.4
Without health insurance (%)
<4 57 3,141,948 1.8 117 4,400,746 2.7 90 4,654,648 1.9
4.00–7.99 131 4,188,942 3.1 265 6,102,968 4.3 225 5,711,557 3.9
8.00–13.99 159 3,872,420 4.1 399 5,975,288 6.7 351 5,280,583 6.6
 ≥14 360 3,889,934 9.3 739 5,946,951 12.4 628 5,121,019 12.3
Gini index (%)
<38 136 3,552,566 3.8 280 5,863,590 4.8 259 5,759,739 4.5
38.00–41.99 168 3,724,443 4.5 396 6,004,080 6.6 327 5,692,923 5.7
42.00–45.99 139 3,288,094 4.2 332 5,095,085 6.5 259 4,670,942 5.5
 ≥46 264 4,441,399 5.9 512 5,459,622 9.4 449 4,641,820 9.7
Subtotala 738 15,099,538 4.9 1,574 22,430,348 7.0 1,321 20,770,221 6.4
Totalb 6,128 30,970,469 19.8 10,796 45,443,611 23.8 5,699 41,391,362 13.8
Table 1. Diagnoses of HIV infection among adults, by age at diagnosis, sex at birth, and selected social determinants of health, 2019—census tract level, United States and Puerto Rico
45–54 years ≥55 years Total
No. Pop. Rate No. Pop. Rate No. Pop. Rate
Male
Below federal poverty level (%)
<6 453 6,355,100 7.1 381 12,755,172 3.0 3,307 33,496,361 9.9
6.00–10.99 717 6,110,869 11.7 541 13,186,696 4.1 5,366 36,003,221 14.9
11.00–17.99 720 4,719,729 15.3 490 9,877,406 5.0 6,107 28,877,297 21.1
 ≥18 939 3,730,046 25.2 767 7,297,820 10.5 8,579 24,919,482 34.4
Less than high school diploma (%)
<6 601 6,058,604 9.9 476 12,792,243 3.7 4,401 35,597,747 12.4
6.00–9.99 526 4,893,125 10.7 409 10,629,027 3.8 4,384 28,785,020 15.2
10.00–16.99 703 5,065,307 13.9 536 10,792,690 5.0 5,968 30,018,454 19.9
 ≥17 999 4,939,317 20.2 761 8,932,178 8.5 8,616 29,206,605 29.5
Median household income (U.S. $)
<44,000 933 3,859,378 24.2 762 8,134,092 9.4 8,720 25,328,859 34.4
44,000–58,999 660 4,717,823 14.0 505 10,266,261 4.9 5,730 29,237,491 19.6
59,000–80,999 671 5,556,796 12.1 480 11,801,992 4.1 5,106 33,001,181 15.5
 ≥81,000 563 6,759,018 8.3 429 12,894,888 3.3 3,781 35,514,571 10.6
Without health insurance (%)
<4 363 5,036,233 7.2 300 11,028,474 2.7 2,430 28,343,588 8.6
4.00–7.99 593 5,855,189 10.1 452 12,667,750 3.6 4,577 34,743,788 13.2
8.00–13.99 717 5,213,858 13.8 583 10,779,402 5.4 6,157 31,331,691 19.7
 ≥14 1,156 4,810,472 24.0 844 8,641,523 9.8 10,197 28,932,870 35.2
Gini index (%)
<38 572 5,657,123 10.1 402 10,163,684 4.0 4,942 31,444,631 15.7
38.00–41.99 653 5,822,267 11.2 529 12,057,089 4.4 5,625 33,697,787 16.7
42.00–45.99 679 4,774,132 14.2 474 10,345,251 4.6 5,302 28,438,824 18.6
 ≥46 924 4,651,420 19.9 773 10,541,398 7.3 7,480 29,634,861 25.2
Subtotala 2,932 20,956,353 14.0 2,250 43,146,138 5.2 24,172 123,607,826 19.6
Female
Below federal poverty level (%)
<6 123 6,575,291 1.9 120 14,440,428 0.8 612 35,279,294 1.7
6.00–10.99 226 6,283,422 3.6 181 15,364,096 1.2 1,110 37,891,355 2.9
11.00–17.99 279 4,803,178 5.8 229 11,732,833 2.0 1,385 30,412,822 4.6
 ≥18 452 3,889,422 11.6 419 8,939,806 4.7 2,443 26,673,462 9.2
Less than high school diploma (%)
<6 130 6,325,160 2.1 110 14,711,098 0.7 677 37,792,631 1.8
6.00–9.99 174 5,084,568 3.4 155 12,489,992 1.2 879 30,733,538 2.9
10.00–16.99 302 5,250,267 5.8 254 12,773,195 2.0 1,523 32,016,512 4.8
 ≥17 474 4,892,542 9.7 430 10,503,749 4.1 2,471 29,787,997 8.3
Median household income (U.S. $)
<44,000 467 4,077,691 11.5 436 10,078,223 4.3 2,546 27,559,026 9.2
44,000–58,999 274 4,800,554 5.7 208 12,185,898 1.7 1,305 30,668,250 4.3
59,000–80,999 208 5,694,986 3.7 170 13,697,082 1.2 1,025 34,598,219 3.0
 ≥81,000 130 6,973,362 1.9 135 14,508,791 0.9 672 37,315,025 1.8
Without health insurance (%)
<4 83 5,226,020 1.6 86 12,748,207 0.7 433 30,171,569 1.4
4.00–7.99 204 6,067,136 3.4 173 14,768,823 1.2 998 36,839,426 2.7
8.00–13.99 294 5,377,397 5.5 238 12,725,651 1.9 1,441 33,231,339 4.3
 ≥14 499 4,880,796 10.2 452 10,234,482 4.4 2,678 30,073,182 8.9
Gini index (%)
<38 224 5,761,658 3.9 179 11,595,001 1.5 1,078 32,532,554 3.3
38.00–41.99 261 5,987,309 4.4 216 14,006,609 1.5 1,368 35,415,364 3.9
42.00–45.99 264 4,942,026 5.3 215 12,167,280 1.8 1,209 30,163,427 4.0
 ≥46 330 4,858,543 6.8 339 12,706,339 2.7 1,894 32,107,723 5.9
Subtotala 1,104 21,552,537 5.1 979 50,478,034 1.9 5,716 130,330,678 4.4
Totalb 4,036 42,508,890 9.5 3,229 93,624,172 3.4 29,888 253,938,504 11.8

Abbreviations: Pop., population; SDH, social determinants of health [footnotes only].

Note. Rates are per 100,000 population. Row entries indicate categories based on census tracts; data reflect the census tract of the person’s residential address at the time they received an HIV diagnosis. For the definitions of SDH indicator variables used in this report, see http://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/tech_docs/subject_definitions/
2019_ACSSubjectDefinitions.pdfpdf iconexternal icon.

a Because column subtotals were calculated independently of the values for the subpopulations, the values in each column may not sum to the column subtotals. See Technical Notes for criteria used to define SDH subpopulations.
b Totals do not represent all adults whose HIV infection was diagnosed during 2019 in these areas. See Technical Notes for exclusion criteria.

Table 2. Diagnoses of HIV infection among adults, by race/ethnicity, sex at birth, and selected social determinants of health, 2019—census tract level, United States and Puerto Rico
American Indian/Alaska Native Asian Asian Black/African American Hispanic/Latinoa
No. Pop. Rate No. Pop. Rate No. Pop. Rate No. Pop. Rate
Male
Below federal poverty level (%)
<6 13 119,919 10.8 112 2,413,035 4.6 998 2,144,448 46.5 778 3,139,779 24.8
6.00–10.99 19 211,765 9.0 131 1,960,399 6.7 1,788 3,058,822 58.5 1,471 5,095,079 28.9
11.00–17.99 21 261,742 8.0 114 1,298,519 8.8 2,390 3,724,453 64.2 1,931 5,829,008 33.1
 ≥18 45 390,089 11.5 103 1,045,672 9.9 4,269 5,620,595 76.0 2,524 7,208,414 35.0
Less than high school diploma (%)
<6 23 134,748 17.1 144 2,569,855 5.6 1,375 2,181,639 63.0 921 2,603,431 35.4
6.00–9.99 28 182,972 15.3 106 1,427,898 7.4 1,699 2,713,780 62.6 972 2,900,591 33.5
10.00–16.99 22 288,406 7.6 97 1,335,482 7.3 2,769 4,299,977 64.4 1,444 4,576,594 31.6
 ≥17 25 382,519 6.5 113 1,395,398 8.1 3,607 5,452,836 66.1 3,370 11,268,490 29.9
Median household income (U.S. $)
<44,000 42 375,317 11.2 77 740,602 10.4 4,447 5,871,760 75.7 2,514 6,689,806 37.6
44,000–58,999 20 270,497 7.4 100 997,948 10.0 2,237 3,411,813 65.6 1,703 5,495,266 31.0
59,000–80,999 22 204,911 10.7 125 1,588,180 7.9 1,680 2,919,039 57.6 1,485 5,131,774 28.9
 ≥81,000 14 130,354 10.7 158 3,381,368 4.7 1,065 2,290,249 46.5 998 3,917,076 25.5
Without health insurance (%)
<4 12 84,002 14.3 106 2,131,494 5.0 699 1,619,582 43.2 486 2,073,420 23.4
4.00–7.99 21 183,442 11.4 122 2,037,211 6.0 1,632 3,170,669 51.5 1,014 4,112,934 24.7
8.00–13.99 20 254,536 7.9 117 1,466,515 8.0 2,643 4,424,799 59.7 1,547 5,383,600 28.7
 ≥14 45 461,747 9.7 115 1,089,219 10.6 4,472 5,339,748 83.7 3,658 9,709,455 37.7
Gini index (%)
<38 14 179,166 7.8 84 1,878,832 4.5 1,943 3,295,275 59.0 1,405 5,495,071 25.6
38.00–41.99 24 240,895 10.0 120 1,754,121 6.8 2,070 3,356,617 61.7 1,663 5,579,538 29.8
42.00–45.99 23 253,051 9.1 108 1,482,540 7.3 2,101 3,245,422 64.7 1,541 4,831,259 31.9
 ≥46 37 309,434 12.0 148 1,599,038 9.3 3,325 4,625,917 71.9 2,093 5,353,109 39.1
Subtotalb 105 988,645 10.6 471 6,728,633 7.0 9,784 14,648,232 66.8 6,897 21,349,106 32.3
Female
Below federal poverty level (%)
<6 1 122,715 0.8 16 2,792,123 0.6 319 2,258,357 14.1 93 3,199,682 2.9
6.00–10.99 7 217,894 3.2 16 2,290,437 0.7 550 3,365,772 16.3 181 5,040,437 3.6
11.00–17.99 7 272,172 2.6 21 1,484,939 1.4 762 4,235,537 18.0 258 5,711,922 4.5
 ≥18 12 413,815 2.9 13 1,109,831 1.2 1,535 6,747,149 22.8 434 7,344,851 5.9
Less than high school diploma (%)
<6 4 144,521 2.8 17 2,936,239 0.6 342 2,417,039 14.1 94 2,741,091 3.4
6.00–9.99 3 191,365 1.6 15 1,674,459 0.9 491 3,118,186 15.7 89 2,988,487 3.0
10.00–16.99 10 303,303 3.3 14 1,525,720 0.9 901 5,073,810 17.8 215 4,618,570 4.7
 ≥17 10 387,844 2.6 20 1,548,079 1.3 1,432 6,010,408 23.8 568 10,960,974 5.2
Median household income (U.S. $)
<44,000 11 402,869 2.7 9 797,356 1.1 1,607 7,121,252 22.6 433 6,848,263 6.3
44,000–58,999 9 279,851 3.2 15 1,127,167 1.3 700 3,821,897 18.3 233 5,365,101 4.3
59,000–80,999 5 207,009 2.4 25 1,836,312 1.4 516 3,232,494 16.0 184 5,063,331 3.6
 ≥81,000 2 135,843 1.5 17 3,908,576 0.4 343 2,409,284 14.2 114 4,006,649 2.8
Without health insurance (%)
<4 0 87,381 0.0 12 2,466,637 0.5 212 1,703,627 12.4 65 2,174,782 3.0
4.00–7.99 9 190,049 4.7 16 2,338,030 0.7 518 3,562,107 14.5 158 4,274,028 3.7
8.00–13.99 6 265,572 2.3 18 1,673,849 1.1 822 5,108,018 16.1 193 5,480,925 3.5
 ≥14 12 483,749 2.5 20 1,205,686 1.7 1,614 6,241,575 25.9 550 9,376,352 5.9
Gini index (%)
<38 7 182,507 3.8 21 2,148,784 1.0 599 3,586,115 16.7 181 5,388,676 3.4
38.00–41.99 6 253,866 2.4 15 1,996,963 0.8 769 3,755,109 20.5 242 5,540,033 4.4
42.00–45.99 9 259,962 3.5 18 1,699,478 1.1 639 3,706,519 17.2 216 4,801,233 4.5
 ≥46 5 329,844 1.5 12 1,829,471 0.7 1,159 5,551,726 20.9 326 5,561,844 5.9
Subtotalb 29 1,027,033 2.8 69 7,684,497 0.9 3,253 16,619,443 19.6 1,004 21,309,122 4.7
Totalc 134 2,015,678 6.6 540 14,413,130 3.7 13,037 31,267,675 41.7 7,901 42,658,228 18.5
Table 3. Diagnoses of HIV infection among adults, by transmission category, sex at birth, and selected social determinants of health, 2019—census tract level, United States and Puerto Rico
Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander White Multiracial
No. Pop. Rate No. Pop. Rate No. Pop. Rate
Male
Below federal poverty level (%)
<6 12 52,354 22.9 1,303 25,107,987 5.2 91 711,218 12.8
6.00–10.99 7 67,916 10.3 1,773 25,072,964 7.1 177 835,742 21.2
11.00–17.99 12 57,181 21.0 1,453 17,327,337 8.4 186 703,326 26.4
 ≥18 11 43,929 25.0 1,415 10,511,375 13.5 212 676,942 31.3
Less than high school diploma (%)
<6 8 51,910 15.4 1,774 27,435,552 6.5 156 802,123 19.4
6.00–9.99 10 56,017 17.9 1,453 21,047,695 6.9 116 671,340 17.3
10.00–16.99 18 57,861 31.1 1,431 19,067,796 7.5 187 723,351 25.9
 ≥17 6 56,605 10.6 1,288 10,580,355 12.2 207 746,222 27.7
Median household income (U.S. $)
<44,000 10 36,312 27.5 1,421 11,518,334 12.3 209 632,868 33.0
44,000–58,999 11 45,845 24.0 1,487 18,660,523 8.0 172 657,829 26.1
59,000–80,999 12 67,385 17.8 1,631 22,627,586 7.2 151 764,118 19.8
 ≥81,000 9 71,134 12.7 1,404 25,109,275 5.6 133 863,864 15.4
Without health insurance (%)
<4 8 46,717 17.1 1,037 21,960,127 4.7 82 611,094 13.4
4.00–7.99 11 73,380 15.0 1,629 24,685,534 6.6 148 857,677 17.3
8.00–13.99 8 56,324 14.2 1,634 19,355,949 8.4 188 787,308 23.9
 ≥14 15 45,044 33.3 1,644 12,051,471 13.6 248 673,264 36.8
Gini index (%)
<38 7 70,992 9.9 1,344 20,054,376 6.7 145 781,428 18.6
38.00–41.99 15 61,899 24.2 1,561 22,260,257 7.0 172 764,392 22.5
42.00–45.99 10 44,852 22.3 1,392 18,234,188 7.6 127 657,215 19.3
 ≥46 10 43,394 23.0 1,646 17,434,920 9.4 221 720,385 30.7
Subtotalb 43 222,393 19.3 6,184 78,131,398 7.9 688 2,943,036 23.4
Female
Below federal poverty level (%)
<6 0 51,770 0.0 167 26,316,085 0.6 16 731,489 2.2
6.00–10.99 2 70,201 2.8 322 26,339,247 1.2 32 859,349 3.7
11.00–17.99 1 59,294 1.7 288 18,236,377 1.6 48 733,025 6.5
 ≥18 3 45,043 6.7 373 10,888,914 3.4 73 728,914 10.0
Less than high school diploma (%)
<6 1 51,002 2.0 199 28,851,894 0.7 20 839,896 2.4
6.00–9.99 2 58,675 3.4 257 22,212,702 1.2 22 708,639 3.1
10.00–16.99 3 59,610 5.0 325 20,017,342 1.6 55 761,852 7.2
 ≥17 0 57,224 0.0 369 10,737,523 3.4 72 745,882 9.7
Median household income (U.S. $)
<44,000 4 39,049 10.2 405 12,225,165 3.3 77 685,711 11.2
44,000–58,999 0 47,490 0.0 302 19,655,547 1.5 46 669,945 6.9
59,000–80,999 1 66,016 1.5 265 23,695,013 1.1 29 791,746 3.7
 ≥81,000 1 73,673 1.4 178 26,135,219 0.7 17 900,967 1.9
Without health insurance (%)
<4 0 46,439 0.0 124 23,242,522 0.5 20 636,174 3.1
4.00–7.99 1 77,486 1.3 267 25,890,617 1.0 29 895,941 3.2
8.00–13.99 4 57,899 6.9 364 20,231,692 1.8 34 830,600 4.1
 ≥14 1 44,594 2.2 395 12,447,890 3.2 86 692,635 12.4
Gini index (%)
<38 1 70,238 1.4 238 20,661,084 1.2 31 800,728 3.9
38.00–41.99 0 65,167 0.0 296 23,334,571 1.3 40 788,418 5.1
42.00–45.99 2 45,828 4.4 291 19,272,904 1.5 34 683,465 5.0
 ≥46 3 45,029 6.7 325 18,490,427 1.8 64 778,348 8.2
Subtotalb 6 226,511 2.6 1,180 81,819,461 1.4 175 3,056,269 5.7
Totalc 49 448,904 10.9 7,364 159,950,859 4.6 863 5,999,305 14.4

Abbreviations: Pop., population; SDH, social determinants of health [footnotes only]; ACS, American Community Survey [footnotes only].

Note. Rates are per 100,000 population. Row entries indicate categories based on census tracts; data reflect the census tract of the person’s residential address at the time they received an HIV diagnosis. Reported numbers less than 12, and rates based on these numbers, should be interpreted with caution. The ACS does not provide age- and sex-specific SDH variables stratified by race and ethnicity for racial groups except White persons (i.e., White, not Hispanic/Latino persons). Therefore, the denominators used for computing race-specific rates may include Hispanic/Latino persons and should be interpreted with caution; see Technical Notes for more details. For the definitions of SDH indicator variables used in this report, see https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/tech_docs/subject_definitions/2019_ACSSubjectDefinitions.pdfpdf iconexternal icon.

a Hispanic/Latino persons can be of any race.
b Because column subtotals were calculated independently of the values for the subpopulations, the values in each column may not sum to the column subtotals. See Technical Notes for criteria used to define SDH subpopulations.
c Totals do not represent all adults whose HIV infection was diagnosed during 2019 in these areas. See Technical Notes for exclusion criteria.

Table 3. Diagnoses of HIV infection among adults, by transmission category, sex at birth, and selected social determinants of health, 2019—census tract level, United States and Puerto Rico
Male-to-male sexual contact Injection drug use Male-to-male sexual contact and injection drug use Heterosexual contacta
No. % No. % No. % No. %
Male
Below federal poverty level (%)
<6 2,734 14.3 129 14.0 157 14.5 283 12.6
6.00–10.99 4,447 23.3 191 20.7 254 23.5 469 20.9
11.00–17.99 5,024 26.3 205 22.2 295 27.2 579 25.8
 ≥18 6,879 36.0 399 43.1 378 34.8 915 40.7
Less than high school diploma (%)
<6 3,749 19.6 123 13.3 209 19.3 316 14.0
6.00–9.99 3,600 18.9 169 18.2 224 20.7 386 17.2
10.00–16.99 4,856 25.4 242 26.2 289 26.7 577 25.7
 ≥17 6,886 36.1 393 42.4 362 33.4 968 43.1
Median household income (U.S.$)
<44,000 6,968 36.5 392 42.5 372 34.3 979 43.6
44,000–58,999 4,680 24.5 223 24.3 287 26.5 535 23.8
59,000–80,999 4,262 22.4 169 18.3 272 25.1 400 17.8
 ≥81,000 3,157 16.6 137 14.9 153 14.1 331 14.7
Without health insurance (%)
<4 1,975 10.3 119 12.9 126 11.6 207 9.2
4.00–7.99 3,747 19.6 213 23.0 235 21.7 377 16.8
8.00–13.99 5,011 26.3 246 26.6 301 27.7 592 26.4
 ≥14 8,352 43.8 347 37.5 423 39.0 1,069 47.6
Gini index(%)
<38 4,087 21.4 162 17.6 229 21.2 460 20.5
38.00–41.99 4,567 23.9 237 25.8 262 24.2 555 24.7
42.00–45.99 4,347 22.8 213 23.1 259 23.9 479 21.3
 ≥46 6,077 31.9 310 33.6 334 30.8 752 33.5
Subtotalb 19,742 100 965 100 1,122 100 2,322 100
Female
Below federal poverty level (%)
<6  –  – 83 10.5  –  – 525 11.1
6.00–10.99  –  – 157 20.0  –  – 951 20.0
11.00–17.99  –  – 178 22.6  –  – 1,202 25.3
 ≥18  –  – 367 46.8  –  – 2,066 43.5
Less than high school diploma (%)
<6  –  – 99 12.7  –  – 572 12.1
6.00–9.99  –  – 127 16.1  –  – 750 15.8
10.00–16.99  –  – 217 27.7  –  – 1,299 27.4
 ≥17  –  – 341 43.5  –  – 2,123 44.7
Median household income (U.S.$)
<44,000  –  – 372 47.5  –  – 2,165 45.7
44,000–58,999  –  – 159 20.2  –  – 1,140 24.0
59,000–80,999  –  – 154 19.7  –  – 866 18.3
 ≥81,000  –  – 99 12.7  –  – 571 12.0
Without health insurance (%)
<4  –  – 68 8.7  –  – 363 7.6
4.00–7.99  –  – 173 22.0  –  – 819 17.3
8.00–13.99  –  – 227 29.0  –  – 1,208 25.5
 ≥14  –  – 317 40.4  –  – 2,354 49.6
Gini index(%)
<38  –  – 135 17.2  –  – 939 19.8
38.00–41.99  –  – 183 23.3  –  – 1,179 24.9
42.00–45.99  –  – 186 23.7  –  – 1,018 21.5
 ≥46  –  – 281 35.8  –  – 1,607 33.9
Subtotalb  –  – 806 100  –  – 4,888 100
Totalc 19,742 100 1,771 100 1,122 100 7,210 100

Abbreviation: SDH, social determinants of health [footnotes only].

Note. Data have been statistically adjusted to account for missing transmission category. Row entries indicate categories based on census tracts; data reflect the census tract of the person’s residential address at the time they received an HIV diagnosis. For the definitions of SDH indicator variables used in this report, see https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/tech_docs/subject_definitions/2019_ACSSubjectDefinitions.pdfpdf iconexternal icon.

a Heterosexual contact with a person known to have, or with a risk factor for, HIV infection.
b Because column subtotals were calculated independently of the values for the subpopulations, the values in each column may not sum to the column subtotals. See Technical Notes for criteria used to define SDH subpopulations.
c Totals do not represent all adults whose HIV infection was diagnosed during 2019 in these areas. See Technical Notes for exclusion criteria.

Table 4. Diagnoses of HIV infection among adults, by percentage living below federal poverty level, sex at birth, and area of residence, 2019—census tract level, United States and Puerto Rico
Below federal poverty level (%)
Male
<6 6.00–10.99 11.00–17.99  ≥18
Area of residence No. Rate Ranka No. Rate Ranka No. Rate Ranka No. Rate Ranka
Alabama 34 12.4 13 63 14.2 17 91 16.2 21 184 35.5 14
Alaska 3 3.4 – 6 4.9 – 3 5.1 – 2 9.6 –
Arizona 84 13.8 11 100 13.3 21 108 18.7 16 231 32.0 19
Arkansas 15 14.3 9 36 13.1 22 39 10.0 33 86 25.1 26
California 183 5.0 33 372 8.1 32 470 12.8 28 479 16.8 36
Colorado 70 8.7 20 96 14.7 15 83 18.5 17 50 19.4 32
Connecticut 28 4.3 34 28 8.1 33 27 16.0 22 72 38.3 13
Delaware 6 5.5 – 21 16.8 13 23 27.4 8 14 32.9 18
District of Columbia 21 41.8 1 30 48.8 1 51 62.7 1 68 93.2 1
Florida 316 19.8 3 761 29.7 4 962 41.9 3 1,136 70.2 2
Georgia 193 24.1 2 387 37.2 2 534 51.6 2 614 67.9 3
Hawaii 17 7.3 24 20 10.7 25 13 13.9 25 1 2.3 –
Idaho 1 1.1 – 6 2.3 – 9 4.9 – 9 9.3 –
Illinois 110 7.4 23 233 15.4 14 226 22.5 12 364 46.2 9
Indiana 49 7.5 22 87 10.4 26 68 12.7 29 144 31.4 20
Iowa 9 2.9 – 23 4.9 40 15 5.8 39 17 11.3 41
Kansas 25 7.3 25 21 6.4 36 23 9.7 34 20 11.2 42
Kentucky 37 13.5 12 52 13.8 18 55 12.7 30 104 17.9 34
Louisiana 11 7.4 – 22 5.8 39 39 6.8 38 71 11.6 40
Maine 5 4.0 – 4 2.3 – 4 2.5 – 5 7.7 –
Maryland 174 16.9 5 227 33.2 3 127 40.7 4 98 51.6 6
Massachusetts 71 6.3 29 96 13.3 20 84 20.4 14 103 28.5 24
Michigan 60 5.8 31 90 8.3 31 93 10.9 32 274 35.0 16
Minnesota 45 5.0 32 50 7.3 35 29 9.3 35 47 22.5 29
Mississippi 14 13.9 10 33 17.7 10 76 20.8 13 205 47.6 8
Missouri 39 7.0 27 89 13.5 19 81 12.9 27 122 27.8 25
Montana 2 2.7 – 5 3.9 – 7 5.1 – 4 5.6 –
Nebraska 7 3.3 – 16 6.2 37 10 6.7 – 23 24.8 27
Nevada 34 10.9 15 69 20.1 8 94 35.2 5 133 60.3 5
New Hampshire 5 1.9 – 11 6.3 – 4 6.1 – 4 14.0 –
New Jersey 178 11.1 14 160 18.9 9 165 34.0 6 231 60.4 4
New Mexico 10 10.7 – 10 6.2 – 29 13.2 26 48 15.4 38
New York 185 8.6 21 244 12.3 23 311 18.8 15 543 34.1 17
North Carolina 125 15.9 7 223 20.7 7 286 25.5 9 410 49.3 7
North Dakota 8 10.2 – 7 5.8 – 5 8.2 – 3 7.9 –
Ohio 84 6.2 30 120 10.2 27 153 16.5 20 352 38.8 12
Oklahoma 28 10.8 16 54 14.7 16 67 14.5 24 71 19.1 33
Oregon 24 9.5 19 48 8.9 29 45 8.4 36 35 12.7 39
Pennsylvania 105 6.3 28 95 6.0 38 122 14.7 23 247 30.6 21
Puerto Rico 0 0.0 – 11 75.2 – 8 15.0 – 247 21.0 30
Rhode Island 7 4.9 – 12 11.3 24 6 9.1 – 28 30.4 22
South Carolina 63 16.4 6 115 22.3 6 127 25.0 11 179 39.3 11
South Dakota 3 3.3 – 2 2.1 – 8 9.1 – 4 7.4 –
Tennessee 68 14.9 8 122 17.2 11 129 17.5 18 211 35.4 15
Texas 483 18.5 4 754 26.9 5 861 33.9 7 985 42.8 10
Utah 32 7.2 26 29 8.7 30 23 12.5 31 24 19.9 31
Vermont 1 1.8 – 2 1.8 – 2 3.4 – 4 16.5 –
Virginia 128 10.0 17 154 17.1 12 154 25.4 10 119 29.4 23
Washington 86 9.9 18 99 9.6 28 115 17.5 19 47 15.6 37
West Virginia 0 0.0 – 13 7.6 34 10 3.7 – 39 17.5 35
Wisconsin 20 2.6 35 36 4.5 41 31 8.1 37 66 24.0 28
Wyoming 1 2.1 – 2 2.1 – 2 3.8 – 2 6.9 –
Totalb 3,307 9.9 – 5,366 14.9 – 6,107 21.1 – 8,579 34.4 –
Table 4. Diagnoses of HIV infection among adults, by percentage living below federal poverty level, sex at birth, and area of residence, 2019—census tract level, United States and Puerto Rico
Below federal poverty level (%)
Female
<6 6.00–10.99 11.00–17.99  ≥18
Area of residence No. Rate Ranka No. Rate Ranka No. Rate Ranka No. Rate Ranka
Alabama 6 2.0 – 18 3.8 8 19 3.1 23 53 9.1 16
Alaska 1 1.2 – 4 3.6 – 0 0.0 – 1 5.7 –
Arizona 10 1.5 – 26 3.2 12 19 3.2 22 40 5.8 26
Arkansas 0 0.0 – 4 1.4 – 14 3.4 21 26 6.9 22
California 11 0.3 – 21 0.4 24 54 1.4 27 82 2.8 33
Colorado 12 1.5 11 21 3.2 13 25 5.7 10 11 4.4 –
Connecticut 6 0.9 – 10 2.6 – 6 3.2 – 24 11.5 9
Delaware 3 2.6 – 9 6.7 – 4 4.2 – 7 14.5 –
District of Columbia 0 0.0 – 3 4.6 – 17 18.1 1 30 34.1 1
Florida 61 3.5 3 160 5.8 3 237 9.7 4 381 22.4 3
Georgia 43 5.0 2 83 7.4 2 119 10.4 3 163 16.4 5
Hawaii 2 0.9 – 3 1.6 – 1 1.0 – 0 0.0 –
Idaho 0 0.0 – 2 0.8 – 1 0.5 – 2 2.1 –
Illinois 23 1.5 12 42 2.6 15 45 4.3 16 110 12.8 6
Indiana 8 1.2 – 14 1.6 22 21 3.6 19 44 8.9 17
Iowa 2 0.6 – 12 2.5 18 4 1.5 – 7 4.6 –
Kansas 5 1.4 – 5 1.5 – 7 2.8 – 8 4.5 –
Kentucky 4 1.4 – 5 1.3 – 10 2.2 – 31 4.9 28
Louisiana 0 0.0 – 5 1.2 – 13 2.2 26 30 4.4 31
Maine 1 0.7 – 1 0.5 – 3 1.8 – 2 2.9 –
Maryland 57 5.1 1 87 11.7 1 52 14.5 2 53 24.4 2
Massachusetts 27 2.2 6 26 3.3 11 32 7.1 6 38 9.5 14
Michigan 7 0.6 – 15 1.3 23 25 2.7 25 56 6.6 25
Minnesota 16 1.7 9 18 2.6 17 15 4.6 13 14 6.7 24
Mississippi 2 1.8 – 5 2.5 – 17 4.3 15 58 12.0 7
Missouri 9 1.5 – 10 1.4 – 11 1.7 – 19 3.9 32
Montana 0 0.0 – 0 0.0 – 1 0.7 – 3 4.3 –
Nebraska 1 0.5 – 3 1.1 – 2 1.3 – 6 6.4 –
Nevada 3 0.9 – 14 4.0 6 17 6.3 8 16 7.6 20
New Hampshire 1 0.4 – 1 0.5 – 0 0.0 – 1 3.5 –
New Jersey 33 1.9 7 40 4.4 5 47 9.0 5 84 20.3 4
New Mexico 1 1.0 – 2 1.2 – 3 1.3 – 8 2.5 –
New York 38 1.6 10 56 2.6 16 80 4.5 14 157 8.6 18
North Carolina 15 1.8 8 43 3.7 9 59 4.9 12 100 10.8 12
North Dakota 3 4.0 – 4 3.4 – 1 1.7 – 2 5.9 –
Ohio 14 1.0 14 25 2.0 21 28 2.8 24 110 11.2 10
Oklahoma 5 1.8 – 11 2.9 – 11 2.3 – 30 7.8 19
Oregon 3 1.1 – 2 0.4 – 5 0.9 – 4 1.5 –
Pennsylvania 18 1.0 13 35 2.1 20 34 3.8 18 84 9.2 15
Puerto Rico 0 0.0 – 1 6.0 – 1 1.7 – 61 4.5 30
Rhode Island 2 1.3 – 0 0.0 – 1 1.4 – 7 7.0 –
South Carolina 8 1.9 – 20 3.6 10 35 6.2 9 54 10.5 13
South Dakota 0 0.0 – 2 2.2 – 1 1.1 – 4 7.6 –
Tennessee 9 1.8 – 21 2.8 14 27 3.4 20 78 11.7 8
Texas 90 3.3 4 148 5.1 4 182 7.0 7 264 11.1 11
Utah 0 0.0 – 1 0.3 – 2 1.1 – 2 1.7 –
Vermont 0 0.0 – 0 0.0 – 0 0.0 – 1 4.1 –
Virginia 36 2.7 5 37 3.9 7 33 5.2 11 29 6.7 23
Washington 11 1.2 – 23 2.2 19 27 4.1 17 14 4.7 29
West Virginia 0 0.0 – 3 1.7 – 10 3.5 – 17 7.2 21
Wisconsin 5 0.6 – 8 1.0 – 7 1.8 – 17 5.7 27
Wyoming 0 0.0 – 1 1.0 – 0 0.0 – 0 0.0 –
Totalb 612 1.7 – 1,110 2.9 – 1,385 4.6 – 2,443 9.2 –
Table 4. Diagnoses of HIV infection among adults, by percentage living below federal poverty level, sex at birth, and area of residence, 2019—census tract level, United States and Puerto Rico
Below federal poverty level (%)
Total
<6 6.00–10.99 11.00–17.99  ≥18
Area of residence No. Rate Ranka No. Rate Ranka No. Rate Ranka No. Rate Ranka
Alabama 40 7.0 13 81 8.8 17 110 9.3 21 237 21.5 16
Alaska 4 2.3 – 10 4.3 – 3 2.7 – 3 7.8 –
Arizona 94 7.5 10 126 8.1 19 127 10.9 17 271 19.1 21
Arkansas 15 7.0 12 40 7.1 24 53 6.6 34 112 15.6 25
California 194 2.6 33 393 4.2 36 524 7.0 30 561 9.7 37
Colorado 82 5.1 20 117 8.9 15 108 12.1 15 61 12.1 33
Connecticut 34 2.5 34 38 5.2 30 33 9.3 22 96 24.2 12
Delaware 9 4.0 – 30 11.6 10 27 15.1 9 21 23.1 14
District of Columbia 21 20.0 1 33 25.9 2 68 38.8 1 98 60.9 1
Florida 377 11.4 3 921 17.3 5 1,199 25.3 4 1,517 45.7 2
Georgia 236 14.3 2 470 21.7 4 653 30.0 2 777 41.0 3
Hawaii 19 4.1 27 23 6.1 25 14 7.3 27 1 1.2 –
Idaho 1 0.5 – 8 1.5 – 10 2.7 – 11 5.7 –
Illinois 133 4.3 22 275 8.9 16 271 13.2 13 474 28.8 8
Indiana 57 4.3 23 101 6.0 26 89 8.0 25 188 19.8 19
Iowa 11 1.8 – 35 3.7 39 19 3.6 40 24 7.9 39
Kansas 30 4.3 24 26 3.9 38 30 6.2 35 28 7.9 40
Kentucky 41 7.3 11 57 7.4 21 65 7.3 26 135 11.2 34
Louisiana 11 3.5 – 27 3.4 42 52 4.4 38 101 7.8 41
Maine 6 2.3 – 5 1.4 – 7 2.1 – 7 5.3 –
Maryland 231 10.7 5 314 22.0 3 179 26.7 3 151 37.1 5
Massachusetts 98 4.2 26 122 8.1 20 116 13.5 12 141 18.6 22
Michigan 67 3.2 32 105 4.7 32 118 6.7 33 330 20.2 18
Minnesota 61 3.3 31 68 4.9 31 44 6.9 31 61 14.6 28
Mississippi 16 7.6 9 38 9.8 13 93 12.2 14 263 28.7 9
Missouri 48 4.2 25 99 7.2 23 92 7.1 29 141 15.3 27
Montana 2 1.3 – 5 1.9 – 8 2.9 – 7 4.9 –
Nebraska 8 1.9 – 19 3.7 40 12 4.0 39 29 15.6 26
Nevada 37 5.9 17 83 12.0 8 111 20.7 6 149 34.6 6
New Hampshire 6 1.1 – 12 3.3 43 4 3.0 – 5 8.8 –
New Jersey 211 6.3 14 200 11.4 11 212 21.1 5 315 39.5 4
New Mexico 11 5.8 – 12 3.6 41 32 7.2 28 56 8.8 38
New York 223 5.0 21 300 7.3 22 391 11.4 16 700 20.5 17
North Carolina 140 8.6 7 266 11.9 9 345 14.8 11 510 29.0 7
North Dakota 11 7.2 – 11 4.7 – 6 5.0 – 5 7.0 –
Ohio 98 3.5 30 145 5.9 27 181 9.4 20 462 24.5 11
Oklahoma 33 6.2 15 65 8.7 18 78 8.3 24 101 13.3 30
Oregon 27 5.3 19 50 4.5 34 50 4.6 37 39 7.1 42
Pennsylvania 123 3.6 28 130 4.0 37 156 9.0 23 331 19.2 20
Puerto Rico 0 0.0 – 12 38.5 1 9 7.9 – 308 12.2 32
Rhode Island 9 3.0 – 12 5.4 29 7 5.0 – 35 18.3 23
South Carolina 71 8.8 6 135 12.7 7 162 15.2 8 233 24.1 13
South Dakota 3 1.6 – 4 2.1 – 9 5.0 – 8 7.5 –
Tennessee 77 8.1 8 143 9.8 14 156 10.2 19 289 22.9 15
Texas 573 10.8 4 902 15.8 6 1,043 20.2 7 1,249 26.7 10
Utah 32 3.6 29 30 4.4 35 25 6.8 32 26 11.0 35
Vermont 1 0.9 – 2 0.9 – 2 1.7 – 5 10.2 –
Virginia 164 6.2 16 191 10.3 12 187 15.1 10 148 17.7 24
Washington 97 5.5 18 122 5.9 28 142 10.8 18 61 10.2 36
West Virginia 0 0.0 – 16 4.7 33 20 3.6 41 56 12.2 31
Wisconsin 25 1.6 35 44 2.7 44 38 4.9 36 83 14.5 29
Wyoming 1 1.1 – 3 1.6 – 2 1.9 – 2 3.6 –
Totalb 3,919 5.7 – 6,476 8.8 – 7,492 12.6 – 11,022 21.4 –

Abbreviation: SDH, social determinants of health [footnotes only].

Note. Data reflect the census tract of the person’s residential address at the time they received an HIV diagnosis, and the proportion of residents in the census tract who were living below the U.S. poverty level at any time during the 12 months before the survey response (individuals aged 18 years and older). Rates are per 100,000 population. Reported numbers less than 12, and rates based on these numbers, should be interpreted with caution. For the definitions of SDH indicator variables used in this report, see https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/tech_docs/subject_definitions/2019_ACSSubjectDefinitions.pdfpdf iconexternal icon.

a Based on rate. Ranks were not assigned to areas with rates that were based on reported numbers less than 12.
b Totals do not represent all adults whose HIV infection was diagnosed during 2019 in these areas. See Technical Notes for exclusion criteria.

Table 5. Diagnoses of HIV infection among adults, by percentage with less than high school diploma, sex at birth, and area of residence, 2019—census tract level, United States and Puerto Rico
Less than high school diploma (%)
Male
<6 6.00–9.99 10.00–16.99  ≥17
Area of residence No. Rate Ranka No. Rate Ranka No. Rate Ranka No. Rate Ranka
Alabama 59 18.1 11 66 21.9 11 110 20.0 14 137 22.0 27
Alaska 5 4.5 – 7 6.7 – 2 3.4 – 0 0.0 –
Arizona 119 14.5 13 101 18.8 13 93 16.6 21 210 27.9 18
Arkansas 35 23.4 4 35 16.5 18 52 11.4 32 54 18.4 32
California 267 7.1 33 185 7.1 36 244 8.6 36 808 14.2 38
Colorado 105 10.0 23 65 15.4 20 58 14.2 25 71 24.3 25
Connecticut 30 5.4 37 28 7.7 34 41 15.4 24 56 31.4 17
Delaware 10 10.1 – 17 17.6 16 25 22.6 12 12 22.4 26
District of Columbia 53 44.1 1 24 59.9 1 48 68.8 1 45 125.4 1
Florida 509 24.7 3 596 30.5 3 834 39.6 3 1,239 63.2 2
Georgia 289 37.8 2 361 47.5 2 561 47.3 2 517 48.1 4
Hawaii 21 8.2 28 18 12.0 24 10 8.5 – 2 5.8 –
Idaho 7 3.7 – 5 2.4 – 6 4.0 – 7 7.9 –
Illinois 189 11.5 19 175 14.6 21 234 22.9 11 335 35.6 9
Indiana 60 11.4 20 69 10.1 28 107 12.6 29 112 26.4 19
Iowa 20 4.1 40 14 3.5 41 16 7.8 40 14 14.1 39
Kansas 34 7.6 31 14 4.9 39 21 9.8 35 20 14.4 36
Kentucky 42 14.2 14 57 17.9 15 73 13.6 26 76 14.6 35
Louisiana 12 5.1 38 29 9.1 31 42 8.4 38 60 9.1 42
Maine 8 4.2 – 7 3.5 – 1 0.8 – 2 18.7 –
Maryland 146 18.9 10 167 26.3 7 167 33.1 4 146 45.9 6
Massachusetts 79 6.8 34 64 10.2 27 84 19.1 15 127 32.4 14
Michigan 101 8.1 29 104 9.1 32 159 16.8 20 153 34.5 11
Minnesota 61 6.1 35 50 7.4 35 33 10.9 33 27 19.0 30
Mississippi 23 21.8 7 43 25.7 8 109 28.9 6 153 35.3 10
Missouri 69 10.8 22 85 14.1 22 117 16.5 22 60 17.6 33
Montana 8 4.3 – 7 5.0 – 2 2.5 – 1 13.8 –
Nebraska 18 5.9 36 12 5.7 38 10 8.6 – 16 19.5 29
Nevada 31 12.4 18 67 23.7 9 82 27.6 8 150 47.9 5
New Hampshire 6 2.3 – 11 6.4 – 3 3.5 – 4 20.0 –
New Jersey 117 9.1 25 133 15.7 19 210 32.4 5 274 50.1 3
New Mexico 12 8.0 30 17 11.9 25 28 13.0 28 40 14.4 37
New York 180 9.0 26 156 9.3 30 304 17.5 19 645 32.6 13
North Carolina 206 21.8 6 174 23.3 10 287 25.3 9 377 37.9 7
North Dakota 9 7.8 – 9 7.8 – 2 3.5 – 3 29.3 –
Ohio 128 9.4 24 171 13.5 23 203 17.8 17 207 34.3 12
Oklahoma 42 14.9 12 67 18.1 14 57 12.0 31 54 16.3 34
Oregon 62 12.6 17 45 10.0 29 26 5.6 41 19 9.7 40
Pennsylvania 120 7.6 32 130 8.9 33 161 13.2 27 158 25.3 22
Puerto Rico 8 26.0 – 22 28.6 4 59 20.2 13 177 20.9 28
Rhode Island 6 5.3 – 9 7.2 – 15 15.5 23 23 31.6 16
South Carolina 90 20.3 9 102 26.3 6 127 24.2 10 165 31.8 15
South Dakota 6 5.6 – 7 6.0 – 2 2.7 – 2 6.3 –
Tennessee 109 20.7 8 96 20.7 12 166 19.1 16 159 24.7 24
Texas 531 22.9 5 472 26.9 5 656 28.3 7 1,429 36.7 8
Utah 40 8.4 27 22 7.1 37 21 10.6 34 25 25.6 21
Vermont 2 2.3 – 1 1.0 – 6 11.2 – 0 0.0 –
Virginia 136 13.0 15 135 17.4 17 156 17.8 18 128 25.3 23
Washington 123 11.3 21 86 10.7 26 78 12.0 30 60 18.9 31
West Virginia 13 12.6 16 10 6.7 – 23 7.9 39 16 9.7 41
Wisconsin 43 4.7 39 32 4.5 40 37 8.5 37 41 26.4 20
Wyoming 2 2.2 – 5 5.7 – 0 0.0 – 0 0.0 –
Totalb 4,401 12.4 – 4,384 15.2 – 5,968 19.9 – 8,616 29.5 –
Table 5. Diagnoses of HIV infection among adults, by percentage with less than high school diploma, sex at birth, and area of residence, 2019—census tract level, United States and Puerto Rico
Less than high school diploma (%)
Female
<6 6.00–9.99 10.00–16.99  ≥17
Area of residence No. Rate Ranka No. Rate Ranka No. Rate Ranka No. Rate Ranka
Alabama 10 2.8 – 12 3.6 9 32 5.1 15 42 6.3 25
Alaska 3 3.0 – 2 2.1 – 1 1.9 – 0 0.0 –
Arizona 12 1.4 13 17 3.0 13 24 4.2 19 42 5.8 26
Arkansas 5 3.1 – 9 3.9 – 13 2.7 27 17 5.6 28
California 17 0.4 18 10 0.4 – 18 0.6 30 123 2.2 33
Colorado 21 2.0 8 17 4.0 7 11 2.7 – 20 7.4 22
Connecticut 3 0.5 – 6 1.5 – 14 4.9 17 23 12.0 6
Delaware 1 0.9 – 8 7.4 – 10 8.0 – 4 7.7 –
District of Columbia 3 2.2 – 4 9.1 – 21 24.8 1 22 55.7 1
Florida 95 4.2 3 130 6.0 3 201 8.8 4 413 21.1 3
Georgia 44 5.4 1 77 9.0 1 153 11.5 2 134 12.1 5
Hawaii 3 1.2 – 0 0.0 – 3 2.5 – 0 0.0 –
Idaho 1 0.5 – 2 0.9 – 0 0.0 – 2 2.3 –
Illinois 33 1.9 9 43 3.3 12 64 5.7 11 80 8.6 18
Indiana 3 0.5 – 15 2.1 21 25 2.8 26 44 10.0 10
Iowa 7 1.4 – 7 1.7 – 6 2.9 – 5 5.0 –
Kansas 3 0.6 – 7 2.4 – 8 3.7 – 7 5.2 –
Kentucky 3 0.9 – 5 1.5 – 17 3.0 25 25 4.6 31
Louisiana 3 1.2 – 4 1.2 – 9 1.6 – 32 4.6 30
Maine 3 1.5 – 4 1.9 – 0 0.0 – 0 0.0 –
Maryland 45 5.2 2 45 6.4 2 57 10.0 3 102 32.0 2
Massachusetts 21 1.6 12 19 2.8 14 34 7.3 7 49 11.5 7
Michigan 7 0.5 – 28 2.3 18 32 3.2 24 36 7.8 20
Minnesota 13 1.3 15 15 2.2 20 19 6.2 9 16 11.4 8
Mississippi 2 1.7 – 3 1.6 – 33 7.9 6 44 9.4 13
Missouri 11 1.6 – 11 1.7 – 17 2.2 29 10 2.9 –
Montana 1 0.5 – 1 0.7 – 2 2.5 – 0 0.0 –
Nebraska 3 0.9 – 2 0.9 – 2 1.7 – 5 6.3 –
Nevada 4 1.5 – 8 2.7 – 16 5.4 13 22 7.4 23
New Hampshire 0 0.0 – 1 0.6 – 2 2.3 – 0 0.0 –
New Jersey 26 1.9 11 23 2.5 15 59 8.4 5 96 17.2 4
New Mexico 3 1.9 – 0 0.0 – 3 1.3 – 8 2.9 –
New York 22 1.0 17 42 2.3 17 76 4.0 20 191 8.8 16
North Carolina 27 2.7 5 29 3.5 10 65 5.2 14 96 9.0 15
North Dakota 6 5.3 – 3 2.8 – 1 1.9 – 0 0.0 –
Ohio 16 1.1 16 31 2.3 19 62 5.0 16 68 11.2 9
Oklahoma 6 2.0 – 16 4.0 8 13 2.6 28 22 6.8 24
Oregon 7 1.4 – 1 0.2 – 3 0.6 – 3 1.6 –
Pennsylvania 23 1.3 14 38 2.4 16 50 3.8 22 60 9.4 12
Puerto Rico 2 5.3 – 3 3.2 – 6 1.7 – 52 5.5 29
Rhode Island 0 0.0 – 2 1.5 – 4 3.7 – 4 5.3 –
South Carolina 11 2.3 – 20 4.7 4 36 6.2 10 50 9.0 14
South Dakota 1 0.9 – 1 0.9 – 2 2.8 – 3 9.9 –
Tennessee 15 2.6 6 21 4.2 6 43 4.6 18 56 8.3 19
Texas 74 3.0 4 79 4.2 5 161 6.6 8 370 9.5 11
Utah 1 0.2 – 1 0.3 – 0 0.0 – 3 3.2 –
Vermont 0 0.0 – 1 0.9 – 0 0.0 – 0 0.0 –
Virginia 26 2.4 7 29 3.5 11 51 5.4 12 29 5.6 27
Washington 21 1.9 10 16 1.9 22 24 3.7 23 14 4.5 32
West Virginia 2 1.9 – 3 1.9 – 12 3.9 21 13 7.7 21
Wisconsin 8 0.8 – 7 0.9 – 8 1.9 – 14 8.6 17
Wyoming 0 0.0 – 1 1.2 – 0 0.0 – 0 0.0 –
Totalb 677 1.8 – 879 2.9 – 1,523 4.8 – 2,471 8.3 –
Table 5. Diagnoses of HIV infection among adults, by percentage with less than high school diploma, sex at birth, and area of residence, 2019—census tract level, United States and Puerto Rico
Less than high school diploma (%)
Total
<6 6.00–9.99 10.00–16.99  ≥17
Area of residence No. Rate Ranka No. Rate Ranka No. Rate Ranka No. Rate Ranka
Alabama 69 10.0 11 78 12.3 11 142 12.1 14 179 13.9 28
Alaska 8 3.8 – 9 4.5 – 3 2.7 – 0 0.0 –
Arizona 131 7.7 13 118 10.7 15 117 10.3 19 252 17.1 21
Arkansas 40 12.9 4 44 9.9 17 65 6.9 33 71 11.9 31
California 284 3.7 35 195 3.6 39 262 4.5 42 931 8.2 40
Colorado 126 5.9 23 82 9.7 18 69 8.4 26 91 16.2 23
Connecticut 33 2.9 39 34 4.5 36 55 10.0 21 79 21.3 13
Delaware 11 5.3 – 25 12.2 12 35 14.9 9 16 15.1 26
District of Columbia 56 22.0 1 28 33.3 1 69 44.7 1 67 88.9 1
Florida 604 14.0 3 726 17.7 3 1,035 23.6 3 1,652 42.1 2
Georgia 333 21.0 2 438 27.1 2 714 28.4 2 651 29.8 5
Hawaii 24 4.7 29 18 5.9 27 13 5.5 36 2 2.9 –
Idaho 8 2.1 – 7 1.7 – 6 2.0 – 9 5.1 –
Illinois 222 6.6 20 218 8.7 21 298 14.0 12 415 22.2 10
Indiana 63 5.8 24 84 6.0 26 132 7.6 30 156 18.1 18
Iowa 27 2.7 40 21 2.6 44 22 5.3 38 19 9.5 36
Kansas 37 4.1 34 21 3.6 40 29 6.7 34 27 9.8 35
Kentucky 45 7.3 15 62 9.4 19 90 8.2 28 101 9.5 37
Louisiana 15 3.0 38 33 5.0 34 51 4.9 41 92 6.8 41
Maine 11 2.8 – 11 2.7 – 1 0.4 – 2 9.5 –
Maryland 191 11.7 7 212 15.9 4 224 20.9 4 248 38.9 3
Massachusetts 100 4.1 33 83 6.4 24 118 13.0 13 176 21.5 12
Michigan 108 4.2 32 132 5.6 30 191 9.9 22 189 20.9 14
Minnesota 74 3.7 36 65 4.8 35 52 8.5 25 43 15.2 25
Mississippi 25 11.3 8 46 13.0 9 142 17.9 6 197 21.9 11
Missouri 80 6.1 22 96 7.7 22 134 9.1 24 70 10.2 34
Montana 9 2.4 – 8 2.9 – 4 2.5 – 1 7.1 –
Nebraska 21 3.4 37 14 3.3 42 12 5.2 40 21 13.0 29
Nevada 35 6.8 18 75 13.1 8 98 16.5 8 172 28.2 6
New Hampshire 6 1.2 – 12 3.4 41 5 2.9 – 4 9.9 –
New Jersey 143 5.3 25 156 8.8 20 269 19.9 5 370 33.5 4
New Mexico 15 4.9 27 17 5.7 28 31 7.0 32 48 8.6 39
New York 202 4.8 28 198 5.7 29 380 10.4 18 836 20.2 15
North Carolina 233 11.9 6 203 12.9 10 352 14.8 10 473 22.9 8
North Dakota 15 6.6 19 12 5.4 32 3 2.7 – 3 14.8 –
Ohio 144 5.1 26 202 7.7 23 265 11.2 17 275 22.7 9
Oklahoma 48 8.3 12 83 10.8 14 70 7.2 31 76 11.6 33
Oregon 69 6.8 17 46 5.0 33 29 3.1 43 22 5.7 42
Pennsylvania 143 4.3 30 168 5.5 31 211 8.3 27 218 17.3 19
Puerto Rico 10 14.6 – 25 14.6 7 65 10.1 20 229 12.8 30
Rhode Island 6 2.5 – 11 4.2 – 19 9.3 23 27 18.2 17
South Carolina 101 11.0 10 122 15.0 6 163 14.7 11 215 20.1 16
South Dakota 7 3.2 – 8 3.4 – 4 2.8 – 5 8.1 –
Tennessee 124 11.2 9 117 12.1 13 209 11.6 15 215 16.3 22
Texas 605 12.7 5 551 15.2 5 817 17.1 7 1,799 23.1 7
Utah 41 4.3 31 23 3.6 38 21 5.3 37 28 14.7 27
Vermont 2 1.1 – 2 1.0 – 6 5.4 – 0 0.0 –
Virginia 162 7.6 14 164 10.2 16 207 11.4 16 157 15.4 24
Washington 144 6.5 21 102 6.3 25 102 7.8 29 74 11.8 32
West Virginia 15 7.1 16 13 4.2 37 35 5.9 35 29 8.7 38
Wisconsin 51 2.7 41 39 2.7 43 45 5.2 39 55 17.3 20
Wyoming 2 1.1 – 6 3.5 – 0 0.0 – 0 0.0 –
Totalb 5,078 6.9 – 5,263 8.8 – 7,491 12.1 – 11,087 18.8 –

Abbreviation: SDH, social determinants of health [footnotes only].

Note. Data reflect the census tract of the person’s residential address at the time they received an HIV diagnosis, and the proportion of residents in the census tract with less than a high school diploma (individuals aged 18 years and older). Rates are per 100,000 population. Reported numbers less than 12, and rates based on these numbers, should be interpreted with caution. For the definitions of SDH indicator variables used in this report, see https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/tech_docs/subject_definitions/2018_ACSSubjectDefinitions.pdfpdf iconexternal icon

a Based on rate. Ranks were not assigned to areas with rates that were based on reported numbers less than 12.
b Totals do not represent all adults whose HIV infection was diagnosed during 2019 in these areas. See Technical Notes for exclusion criteria.

Table 6. Diagnoses of HIV infection among adults, by median household income, sex at birth, and area of residence, 2019—census tract level, United States and Puerto Rico
Median household income (U.S. $)
Male
<44,000 44,000–58,999 59,000–80,999 ≥81,000
Area of residence No. Rate Ranka No. Rate Ranka No. Rate Ranka No. Rate Ranka
Alabama 218 32.9 16 80 14.6 24 55 15.0 20 17 7.7 21
Alaska 1 5.7 – 3 8.1 – 5 4.7 – 5 4.0 –
Arizona 214 30.3 18 128 19.3 18 101 15.3 17 80 12.7 8
Arkansas 89 19.9 29 46 11.6 30 32 15.4 16 8 13.8 –
California 356 19.4 30 362 13.6 27 370 9.9 27 416 6.3 27
Colorado 34 14.7 36 87 21.3 15 99 14.9 21 79 9.2 18
Connecticut 55 36.7 13 31 18.7 19 29 8.7 30 40 5.6 30
Delaware 11 39.0 – 22 26.6 9 24 16.3 12 7 6.9 –
District of Columbia 56 125.8 1 16 67.7 1 19 64.1 1 79 47.6 1
Florida 1,283 61.6 4 889 37.2 5 685 31.5 4 317 22.4 3
Georgia 655 66.4 2 469 50.7 2 393 40.3 2 211 23.7 2
Hawaii 1 3.3 – 12 18.2 20 18 11.9 23 20 6.5 26
Idaho 11 9.0 – 8 3.2 – 5 2.4 – 1 1.9 –
Illinois 358 47.2 7 230 21.0 17 205 15.0 19 139 8.8 19
Indiana 173 30.3 19 64 9.2 35 73 9.1 29 38 9.4 17
Iowa 16 10.5 40 23 6.0 43 18 3.9 37 7 3.8 –
Kansas 30 13.1 37 21 6.3 42 18 6.6 36 20 8.1 20
Kentucky 109 17.2 33 57 12.5 29 62 16.1 13 20 10.4 16
Louisiana 72 11.0 39 33 7.0 40 31 8.1 33 6 3.0 –
Maine 6 5.5 – 3 2.0 – 5 2.5 – 4 6.0 –
Maryland 78 51.4 6 105 41.6 3 191 36.8 3 252 19.5 4
Massachusetts 77 31.6 17 67 22.1 14 97 15.7 14 111 7.6 22
Michigan 283 32.9 15 100 9.3 34 87 8.1 32 47 6.2 28
Minnesota 40 22.6 27 40 9.0 37 53 7.1 34 38 5.2 31
Mississippi 219 42.8 10 75 23.0 11 26 14.4 22 8 12.4 –
Missouri 151 25.0 24 91 12.9 28 69 11.8 25 20 5.0 32
Montana 7 7.7 – 4 2.7 – 5 3.5 – 2 6.4 –
Nebraska 22 23.4 25 18 7.1 39 10 4.6 – 6 4.2 –
Nevada 154 58.6 5 71 30.5 7 71 18.0 11 34 13.4 7
New Hampshire 4 13.3 – 5 6.3 – 9 5.0 – 6 2.5 –
New Jersey 201 62.1 3 163 41.1 4 180 22.8 6 190 10.5 15
New Mexico 52 16.6 34 25 11.2 31 11 6.4 – 9 11.6 –
New York 414 36.8 12 256 17.5 21 292 15.1 18 316 11.2 12
North Carolina 504 45.3 8 286 24.5 10 169 18.9 9 78 12.5 9
North Dakota 4 11.4 – 7 10.0 – 5 4.1 – 7 9.9 –
Ohio 365 34.8 14 161 13.9 26 125 9.6 28 57 6.7 25
Oklahoma 87 19.0 31 70 14.5 25 50 15.5 15 13 6.8 24
Oregon 23 9.8 41 42 9.1 36 46 8.5 31 41 11.2 11
Pennsylvania 251 29.9 20 135 10.4 33 102 6.6 35 81 6.8 23
Puerto Rico 248 21.0 28 16 29.9 8 1 12.0 – 1 32.8 –
Rhode Island 21 29.2 22 14 21.2 16 10 8.3 – 8 5.4 –
South Carolina 232 39.0 11 118 22.8 12 103 20.9 7 31 12.2 10
South Dakota 7 11.9 – 5 4.5 – 4 3.5 – 1 2.2 –
Tennessee 223 29.5 21 139 17.4 22 114 20.4 8 53 14.0 6
Texas 1,025 44.0 9 810 32.3 6 717 27.2 5 531 19.1 5
Utah 16 18.1 32 24 11.0 32 44 11.8 24 24 5.9 29
Vermont 4 15.5 – 2 3.0 – 3 2.5 – 0 0.0 –
Virginia 123 29.0 23 142 22.4 13 135 18.3 10 155 11.1 13
Washington 33 15.1 35 91 15.9 23 96 11.0 26 127 10.7 14
West Virginia 37 12.0 38 18 7.3 38 4 3.2 – 3 11.0 –
Wisconsin 67 23.0 26 45 6.8 41 25 3.0 38 16 3.6 33
Wyoming 0 0.0 – 1 1.6 – 5 5.2 – 1 2.1 –
Totalb 8,720 34.4 – 5,730 19.6 – 5,106 15.5 – 3,781 10.6 –
Table 6. Diagnoses of HIV infection among adults, by median household income, sex at birth, and area of residence, 2019—census tract level, United States and Puerto Rico
Median household income (U.S. $)
Female
<44,000 44,000–58,999 59,000–80,999 ≥81,000
Area of residence No. Rate Ranka No. Rate Ranka No. Rate Ranka No. Rate Ranka
Alabama 58 7.8 20 23 3.8 16 11 2.8 – 4 1.7 –
Alaska 0 0.0 – 1 3.2 – 1 1.0 – 4 3.3 –
Arizona 37 5.1 28 24 3.6 18 25 3.7 8 9 1.4 –
Arkansas 28 5.8 24 10 2.4 – 4 1.8 – 2 3.3 –
California 66 3.5 32 46 1.7 29 29 0.7 20 27 0.4 14
Colorado 12 5.2 27 18 4.4 14 22 3.3 9 16 1.8 8
Connecticut 20 12.1 6 12 6.4 7 9 2.5 – 5 0.7 –
Delaware 5 16.1 – 8 8.4 – 7 4.4 – 3 2.8 –
District of Columbia 25 42.9 1 8 27.3 – 11 34.2 – 6 3.3 –
Florida 427 19.2 4 228 8.9 4 124 5.3 5 60 4.0 3
Georgia 184 16.8 5 93 9.2 3 88 8.3 2 43 4.6 2
Hawaii 0 0.0 – 1 1.6 – 3 2.0 – 2 0.6 –
Idaho 1 0.8 – 2 0.8 – 2 1.0 – 0 0.0 –
Illinois 101 12.0 8 55 4.8 11 35 2.4 16 29 1.8 11
Indiana 53 8.4 18 21 2.9 22 10 1.2 – 3 0.7 –
Iowa 5 3.3 – 13 3.3 21 7 1.5 – 0 0.0 –
Kansas 9 3.9 – 8 2.3 – 4 1.4 – 4 1.6 –
Kentucky 32 4.7 29 9 1.9 – 7 1.7 – 2 1.0 –
Louisiana 33 4.5 30 10 2.1 – 3 0.7 – 2 0.9 –
Maine 3 2.6 – 2 1.3 – 2 0.9 – 0 0.0 –
Maryland 53 28.9 2 43 14.9 1 70 12.1 1 83 6.0 1
Massachusetts 26 9.4 14 23 6.9 5 40 6.0 3 34 2.2 6
Michigan 65 6.9 22 21 1.9 27 12 1.1 19 5 0.6 –
Minnesota 12 6.5 23 21 4.6 12 22 2.9 14 8 1.1 –
Mississippi 60 10.5 9 17 4.8 10 3 1.5 – 2 2.9 –
Missouri 22 3.3 33 13 1.8 28 8 1.3 – 6 1.4 –
Montana 3 3.3 – 0 0.0 – 1 0.7 – 0 0.0 –
Nebraska 7 7.2 – 4 1.6 – 1 0.5 – 0 0.0 –
Nevada 22 8.7 17 13 5.6 9 11 2.7 – 4 1.5 –
New Hampshire 0 0.0 – 1 1.2 – 1 0.5 – 1 0.4 –
New Jersey 84 22.5 3 46 10.8 2 39 4.6 6 35 1.8 10
New Mexico 7 2.2 – 4 1.7 – 1 0.6 – 2 2.4 –
New York 135 10.1 11 66 4.2 15 68 3.3 10 62 2.0 7
North Carolina 119 9.5 13 56 4.5 13 31 3.2 12 11 1.6 –
North Dakota 2 6.4 – 1 1.4 – 4 3.5 – 3 4.4 –
Ohio 120 10.3 10 25 2.0 25 20 1.5 18 12 1.4 12
Oklahoma 33 6.9 21 14 2.8 24 6 1.8 – 4 2.0 –
Oregon 4 1.7 – 2 0.4 – 3 0.5 – 5 1.3 –
Pennsylvania 89 9.3 15 39 2.9 23 30 1.8 17 13 1.0 13
Puerto Rico 61 4.5 31 2 3.3 – 0 0.0 – 0 0.0 –
Rhode Island 6 7.7 – 2 2.7 – 1 0.7 – 1 0.6 –
South Carolina 65 9.6 12 34 6.1 8 14 2.6 15 4 1.5 –
South Dakota 4 6.8 – 2 1.8 – 1 0.9 – 0 0.0 –
Tennessee 77 9.2 16 29 3.4 19 19 3.2 13 10 2.4 –
Texas 291 12.0 7 166 6.4 6 144 5.3 4 82 2.8 4
Utah 2 2.3 – 2 0.9 – 1 0.3 – 0 0.0 –
Vermont 1 3.7 – 0 0.0 – 0 0.0 – 0 0.0 –
Virginia 37 8.1 19 25 3.7 17 33 4.2 7 40 2.7 5
Washington 5 2.2 – 19 3.3 20 29 3.3 11 22 1.8 9
West Virginia 18 5.5 25 10 4.0 – 2 1.6 – 0 0.0 –
Wisconsin 17 5.4 26 13 1.9 26 5 0.6 – 2 0.4 –
Wyoming 0 0.0 – 0 0.0 – 1 1.1 – 0 0.0 –
Totalb 2,546 9.2 – 1,305 4.3 – 1,025 3.0 – 672 1.8 –
Table 6. Diagnoses of HIV infection among adults, by median household income, sex at birth, and area of residence, 2019—census tract level, United States and Puerto Rico
Median household income (U.S. $)
Total
<44,000 44,000–58,999 59,000–80,999 ≥81,000
Area of residence No. Rate Ranka No. Rate Ranka No. Rate Ranka No. Rate Ranka
Alabama 276 19.6 17 103 9.0 24 66 8.7 18 21 4.6 22
Alaska 1 3.0 – 4 5.9 – 6 3.0 – 9 3.6 –
Arizona 251 17.6 24 152 11.4 19 126 9.4 14 89 6.9 8
Arkansas 117 12.5 30 56 6.9 30 36 8.4 21 10 8.4 –
California 422 11.3 32 408 7.6 27 399 5.2 29 443 3.3 28
Colorado 46 10.0 35 105 12.9 14 121 9.1 15 95 5.5 17
Connecticut 75 23.8 12 43 12.1 17 38 5.5 27 45 3.1 31
Delaware 16 27.0 9 30 16.9 8 31 10.1 13 10 4.8 –
District of Columbia 81 78.8 1 24 45.4 1 30 48.6 1 85 24.6 1
Florida 1,710 39.7 4 1,117 22.5 5 809 17.9 4 377 12.9 3
Georgia 839 40.3 3 562 29.0 2 481 23.6 3 254 13.8 2
Hawaii 1 1.7 – 13 10.0 22 21 6.9 24 22 3.5 26
Idaho 12 4.9 43 10 2.0 – 7 1.7 – 1 1.0 –
Illinois 459 28.7 7 285 12.7 16 240 8.6 19 168 5.2 18
Indiana 226 18.8 20 85 6.0 35 83 5.1 30 41 5.0 19
Iowa 21 6.9 41 36 4.6 39 25 2.7 37 7 1.9 –
Kansas 39 8.5 39 29 4.3 43 22 3.9 36 24 4.8 21
Kentucky 141 10.7 33 66 7.1 29 69 8.7 17 22 5.6 16
Louisiana 105 7.6 40 43 4.5 40 34 4.3 34 8 1.9 –
Maine 9 4.0 – 5 1.6 – 7 1.7 – 4 2.9 –
Maryland 131 39.1 5 148 27.4 3 261 23.8 2 335 12.5 4
Massachusetts 103 19.8 16 90 14.1 12 137 10.7 11 145 4.8 20
Michigan 348 19.3 18 121 5.5 37 99 4.5 32 52 3.4 27
Minnesota 52 14.4 26 61 6.7 31 75 5.0 31 46 3.1 30
Mississippi 279 25.7 11 92 13.6 13 29 7.7 22 10 7.5 –
Missouri 173 13.6 28 104 7.3 28 77 6.4 25 26 3.2 29
Montana 10 5.5 – 4 1.4 – 6 2.1 – 2 3.2 –
Nebraska 29 15.2 25 22 4.3 42 11 2.5 – 6 2.0 –
Nevada 176 34.2 6 84 18.1 7 82 10.3 12 38 7.4 7
New Hampshire 4 6.6 – 6 3.6 – 10 2.7 – 7 1.4 –
New Jersey 285 40.9 2 209 25.4 4 219 13.4 6 225 6.0 15
New Mexico 59 9.3 36 29 6.4 33 12 3.4 – 11 6.9 –
New York 549 22.3 14 322 10.6 20 360 9.0 16 378 6.4 12
North Carolina 623 26.4 10 342 14.2 10 200 10.7 10 89 6.9 9
North Dakota 6 9.0 – 8 5.7 – 9 3.8 – 10 7.3 –
Ohio 485 21.9 15 186 7.8 26 145 5.4 28 69 4.0 24
Oklahoma 120 12.8 29 84 8.5 25 56 8.5 20 17 4.3 23
Oregon 27 5.7 42 44 4.7 38 49 4.5 33 46 6.2 14
Pennsylvania 340 18.9 19 174 6.6 32 132 4.2 35 94 3.8 25
Puerto Rico 309 12.2 31 18 15.7 9 1 5.6 – 1 14.3 –
Rhode Island 27 18.0 23 16 11.5 18 11 4.3 – 9 2.9 –
South Carolina 297 23.4 13 152 14.1 11 117 11.4 8 35 6.7 11
South Dakota 11 9.3 – 7 3.2 – 5 2.2 – 1 1.1 –
Tennessee 300 18.8 21 168 10.2 21 133 11.5 7 63 8.0 6
Texas 1,316 27.7 8 976 19.2 6 861 16.1 5 613 10.8 5
Utah 18 10.3 34 26 6.0 34 45 6.0 26 24 3.0 32
Vermont 5 9.5 – 2 1.5 – 3 1.2 – 0 0.0 –
Virginia 160 18.1 22 167 12.7 15 168 11.1 9 195 6.8 10
Washington 38 8.6 38 110 9.6 23 125 7.1 23 149 6.2 13
West Virginia 55 8.6 37 28 5.6 36 6 2.4 – 3 5.4 –
Wisconsin 84 13.8 27 58 4.4 41 30 1.8 38 18 2.0 33
Wyoming 0 0.0 – 1 0.8 – 6 3.2 – 1 1.1 –
Totalb 11,266 21.3 – 7,035 11.7 – 6,131 9.1 – 4,453 6.1 –

Abbreviation: SDH, social determinants of health [footnotes only].

Note. Data reflect the census tract of the person’s residential address at the time they received an HIV diagnosis, and the median income (based on all age groups) for a household within the census tract during the 12 months before the survey response. Rates are per 100,000 population. Reported numbers less than 12, and rates based on these numbers, should be interpreted with caution. For the definitions of SDH indicator variables used in this report, see https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/tech_docs/subject_definitions/2019_ACSSubjectDefinitions.pdfpdf iconexternal icon.

a Based on rate. Ranks were not assigned to areas with rates that were based on reported numbers less than 12.
b Totals do not represent all adults whose HIV infection was diagnosed during 2019 in these areas. See Technical Notes for exclusion criteria.

Table 7. Diagnoses of HIV infection among adults, by percentage without health insurance, sex at birth, and area of residence, 2019—census tract level, United States and Puerto Rico
Without health insurance (%)
Male
<4 4.00–7.99 8.00–13.99 ≥14
Area of residence No. Rate Ranka No. Rate Ranka No. Rate Ranka No. Rate Ranka
Alabama 19 12.3 11 62 14.9 17 125 18.8 22 166 29.5 19
Alaska 2 10.8 – 4 11.8 – 3 3.6 – 5 3.2 –
Arizona 38 8.3 22 106 14.9 18 132 18.2 23 247 32.0 16
Arkansas 11 13.7 – 60 15.3 14 61 13.5 29 44 23.4 26
California 203 5.3 31 345 7.7 36 412 11.2 35 544 19.0 30
Colorado 38 7.5 25 93 13.3 22 80 13.3 30 88 24.4 23
Connecticut 47 6.7 27 36 10.0 31 41 26.4 9 31 21.2 27
Delaware 15 13.4 6 31 19.3 10 13 18.8 21 5 27.4 –
District of Columbia 69 43.8 1 61 91.3 1 32 84.5 1 8 205.0 –
Florida 64 12.4 9 292 21.9 6 777 29.4 5 2,042 57.0 2
Georgia 60 25.4 2 138 28.8 3 409 35.8 3 1,121 58.3 1
Hawaii 27 9.6 17 18 8.1 34 6 11.9 – 0 0.0 –
Idaho 0 0.0 – 3 2.6 – 9 3.4 – 13 5.7 36
Illinois 149 10.2 16 236 14.8 19 273 28.2 8 275 36.0 11
Indiana 30 7.6 24 98 10.3 30 95 12.8 33 125 32.2 15
Iowa 21 3.9 34 20 4.4 42 20 13.1 31 3 6.3 –
Kansas 15 6.7 28 17 5.6 40 22 6.9 42 35 14.8 33
Kentucky 62 12.3 10 101 13.9 20 67 17.8 24 18 29.1 20
Louisiana 5 3.8 – 19 5.6 39 72 9.3 40 47 10.0 35
Maine 3 5.0 – 8 4.5 – 5 2.1 – 2 4.5 –
Maryland 136 15.3 3 234 31.9 2 151 42.0 2 105 44.7 6
Massachusetts 179 9.3 18 127 23.2 4 40 31.4 4 8 48.5 –
Michigan 99 8.0 23 174 11.3 27 182 21.9 18 62 36.5 9
Minnesota 45 4.3 33 76 9.8 33 31 14.1 28 19 27.6 22
Mississippi 8 21.0 – 15 16.3 12 85 24.8 12 220 36.1 10
Missouri 20 5.7 30 64 12.7 26 109 12.7 34 138 23.9 25
Montana 1 2.9 – 6 4.0 – 9 5.3 – 2 3.6 –
Nebraska 5 3.2 – 7 2.9 – 17 9.2 41 27 20.5 28
Nevada 14 10.5 14 44 15.1 16 82 23.8 13 190 50.9 4
New Hampshire 3 2.2 – 9 4.1 – 9 5.8 – 3 11.6 –
New Jersey 103 9.2 19 118 13.1 23 158 25.0 11 355 52.8 3
New Mexico 10 8.6 – 22 10.7 29 40 16.1 26 25 11.5 34
New York 251 8.9 21 361 15.1 15 431 29.3 6 241 33.7 14
North Carolina 38 12.2 12 159 19.9 7 315 23.5 14 532 38.9 8
North Dakota 8 10.8 – 7 5.9 – 5 6.0 – 3 14.0 –
Ohio 126 9.1 20 239 13.7 21 220 23.4 15 124 40.6 7
Oklahoma 5 9.3 – 25 13.1 24 61 15.4 27 129 15.7 32
Oregon 40 12.7 7 50 7.9 35 51 9.9 38 11 8.0 –
Pennsylvania 129 6.6 29 175 10.0 32 168 19.6 20 97 29.6 18
Puerto Rico 27 13.7 5 116 19.8 8 86 22.1 17 37 49.3 5
Rhode Island 10 4.8 – 20 16.0 13 14 28.8 7 9 35.2 –
South Carolina 17 12.7 8 83 22.5 5 187 25.1 10 197 32.0 17
South Dakota 0 0.0 – 5 4.1 – 6 5.6 – 6 9.6 –
Tennessee 24 11.5 13 101 16.8 11 169 16.8 25 236 34.6 13
Texas 71 15.2 4 245 19.3 9 490 23.1 16 2,278 35.5 12
Utah 6 3.6 – 20 6.3 38 35 10.7 37 47 17.2 31
Vermont 4 3.9 – 5 3.9 – 0 0.0 – – – –
Virginia 42 7.3 26 121 13.0 25 203 19.7 19 189 28.5 21
Washington 81 10.4 15 127 11.0 28 89 13.0 32 50 20.0 29
West Virginia 6 5.4 – 27 7.5 37 22 9.7 39 7 62.7 –
Wisconsin 44 5.1 32 45 4.9 41 37 10.9 36 27 24.3 24
Wyoming 0 0.0 – 2 4.1 – 1 1.2 – 4 4.6 –
Totalb 2,430 8.6 – 4,577 13.2 – 6,157 19.7 – 10,197 35.2 –
Table 7. Diagnoses of HIV infection among adults, by percentage without health insurance, sex at birth, and area of residence, 2019—census tract level, United States and Puerto Rico
Without health insurance (%)
Female
<4 4.00–7.99 8.00–13.99 ≥14
Area of residence No. Rate Ranka No. Rate Ranka No. Rate Ranka No. Rate Ranka
Alabama 4 2.4 – 11 2.4 – 31 4.2 19 50 8.0 16
Alaska 0 0.0 – 3 9.3 – 2 2.6 – 1 0.7 –
Arizona 7 1.4 – 16 2.2 22 25 3.4 29 47 6.1 21
Arkansas 3 3.6 – 10 2.4 – 19 4.0 23 12 6.0 22
California 14 0.3 10 28 0.6 25 41 1.1 33 85 3.0 26
Colorado 9 1.7 – 17 2.4 19 19 3.2 30 24 6.9 19
Connecticut 2 0.3 – 19 4.9 4 14 8.1 4 11 7.1 –
Delaware 4 3.3 – 11 6.2 – 6 8.1 – 2 10.5 –
District of Columbia 11 6.0 – 19 24.6 1 17 42.7 1 3 86.8 –
Florida 8 1.4 – 51 3.5 10 181 6.3 11 599 16.0 2
Georgia 11 4.6 – 21 4.0 6 87 6.9 8 289 13.8 5
Hawaii 2 0.7 – 3 1.3 – 1 2.1 – 0 0.0 –
Idaho 0 0.0 – 0 0.0 – 4 1.5 – 1 0.4 –
Illinois 28 1.8 4 57 3.3 12 78 7.5 6 57 7.4 17
Indiana 1 0.2 – 17 1.7 24 30 3.8 26 39 9.3 8
Iowa 3 0.5 – 12 2.6 17 7 4.5 – 3 6.3 –
Kansas 3 1.3 – 3 1.0 – 4 1.2 – 15 6.2 20
Kentucky 5 0.9 – 20 2.6 16 19 4.8 16 6 9.4 –
Louisiana 0 0.0 – 5 1.4 – 26 3.1 31 17 3.4 24
Maine 0 0.0 – 3 1.6 – 4 1.6 – 0 0.0 –
Maryland 42 4.3 1 85 10.3 2 53 12.9 2 69 29.1 1
Massachusetts 57 2.7 2 52 8.7 3 12 9.2 3 2 13.2 –
Michigan 18 1.4 7 31 1.9 23 39 4.5 18 15 8.5 14
Minnesota 13 1.2 8 29 3.7 7 15 6.8 9 6 8.8 –
Mississippi 0 0.0 – 5 5.0 – 20 5.3 15 57 8.5 13
Missouri 7 1.9 – 8 1.5 – 14 1.6 32 20 3.2 25
Montana 0 0.0 – 1 0.7 – 2 1.2 – 1 1.8 –
Nebraska 0 0.0 – 2 0.8 – 1 0.5 – 9 6.9 –
Nevada 2 1.4 – 7 2.4 – 14 4.0 20 27 7.4 18
New Hampshire 0 0.0 – 2 0.9 – 1 0.6 – 0 0.0 –
New Jersey 14 1.2 9 34 3.5 11 53 7.7 5 103 14.6 3
New Mexico 1 0.8 – 1 0.5 – 4 1.5 – 8 3.6 –
New York 59 1.9 3 92 3.5 9 115 7.0 7 65 8.8 12
North Carolina 3 0.9 – 21 2.4 20 56 3.9 25 137 9.1 10
North Dakota 2 2.7 – 2 1.8 – 4 5.3 – 2 9.7 –
Ohio 21 1.4 6 52 2.8 15 60 6.0 12 44 13.8 4
Oklahoma 2 3.7 – 4 2.0 – 9 2.2 – 42 5.0 23
Oregon 2 0.6 – 3 0.5 – 9 1.7 – 0 0.0 –
Pennsylvania 30 1.4 5 57 3.1 14 51 5.5 14 33 9.5 7
Puerto Rico 5 2.3 – 28 4.2 5 20 4.5 17 10 12.0 –
Rhode Island 2 0.9 – 4 2.9 – 4 7.7 – 0 0.0 –
South Carolina 1 0.7 – 9 2.2 – 45 5.6 13 62 9.1 11
South Dakota 0 0.0 – 2 1.6 – 1 0.9 – 4 6.5 –
Tennessee 1 0.4 – 21 3.3 13 38 3.5 27 75 10.1 6
Texas 7 1.5 – 48 3.6 8 89 4.0 21 540 8.2 15
Utah 0 0.0 – 0 0.0 – 2 0.6 – 3 1.1 –
Vermont 0 0.0 – 1 0.7 – 0 0.0 – – – –
Virginia 9 1.5 – 24 2.4 18 38 3.4 28 64 9.3 9
Washington 11 1.4 – 27 2.3 21 27 4.0 22 10 4.2 –
West Virginia 2 1.7 – 11 2.9 – 16 6.8 10 1 8.5 –
Wisconsin 7 0.8 – 9 1.0 – 14 4.0 24 7 6.3 –
Wyoming 0 0.0 – 0 0.0 – 0 0.0 – 1 1.2 –
Totalb 433 1.4 – 998 2.7 – 1,441 4.3 – 2,678 8.9 –
Table 7. Diagnoses of HIV infection among adults, by percentage without health insurance, sex at birth, and area of residence, 2019—census tract level, United States and Puerto Rico
Without health insurance (%)
Total
<4 4.00–7.99 8.00–13.99 ≥14
Area of residence No. Rate Ranka No. Rate Ranka No. Rate Ranka No. Rate Ranka
Alabama 23 7.1 8 73 8.4 18 156 11.1 22 216 18.2 21
Alaska 2 6.1 – 7 10.6 – 5 3.1 – 6 2.1 –
Arizona 45 4.8 23 122 8.4 19 157 10.7 24 294 19.1 19
Arkansas 14 8.6 4 70 8.6 17 80 8.6 29 56 14.4 25
California 217 2.8 33 373 4.1 37 453 6.1 38 629 11.0 30
Colorado 47 4.5 25 110 7.9 23 99 8.3 32 112 15.8 23
Connecticut 49 3.4 31 55 7.3 26 55 16.8 9 42 14.0 26
Delaware 19 8.1 6 42 12.4 5 19 13.2 17 7 18.7 –
District of Columbia 80 23.5 1 80 55.6 1 49 63.0 1 11 149.5 –
Florida 72 6.6 9 343 12.3 6 958 17.4 7 2,641 36.0 2
Georgia 71 15.0 2 159 15.9 3 496 20.7 3 1,410 35.0 3
Hawaii 29 5.2 20 21 4.7 35 7 7.1 – 0 0.0 –
Idaho 0 0.0 – 3 1.3 – 13 2.5 43 14 3.1 36
Illinois 177 5.9 16 293 8.9 15 351 17.4 8 332 21.7 11
Indiana 31 3.8 29 115 5.9 32 125 8.2 34 164 20.3 15
Iowa 24 2.2 36 32 3.5 38 27 8.7 27 6 6.3 –
Kansas 18 3.9 27 20 3.2 40 26 4.0 42 50 10.5 31
Kentucky 67 6.5 10 121 8.1 22 86 11.1 23 24 19.1 18
Louisiana 5 1.9 – 24 3.4 39 98 6.1 37 64 6.6 35
Maine 3 2.3 – 11 3.0 – 9 1.8 – 2 2.2 –
Maryland 178 9.6 3 319 20.5 2 204 26.5 2 174 36.9 1
Massachusetts 236 5.8 17 179 15.6 4 52 20.1 4 10 31.5 –
Michigan 117 4.6 24 205 6.5 30 221 13.0 18 77 22.2 9
Minnesota 58 2.7 35 105 6.7 28 46 10.5 25 25 18.2 22
Mississippi 8 10.0 – 20 10.4 11 105 14.6 12 277 21.6 13
Missouri 27 3.7 30 72 6.9 27 123 7.0 36 158 13.2 28
Montana 1 1.5 – 7 2.3 – 11 3.2 – 3 2.7 –
Nebraska 5 1.6 – 9 1.9 – 18 4.8 41 36 13.8 27
Nevada 16 5.9 14 51 8.7 16 96 13.8 14 217 29.4 6
New Hampshire 3 1.1 – 11 2.4 – 10 3.2 – 3 5.9 –
New Jersey 117 5.0 22 152 8.1 20 211 16.0 10 458 33.3 4
New Mexico 11 4.6 – 23 5.5 33 44 8.7 28 33 7.5 34
New York 310 5.3 19 453 9.1 14 546 17.5 6 306 21.1 14
North Carolina 41 6.5 12 180 10.8 10 371 13.3 16 669 23.3 8
North Dakota 10 6.8 – 9 3.9 – 9 5.7 – 5 11.9 –
Ohio 147 5.1 21 291 8.1 21 280 14.4 13 168 26.9 7
Oklahoma 7 6.5 – 29 7.3 25 70 8.6 30 171 10.3 32
Oregon 42 6.5 11 53 4.1 36 60 5.7 39 11 4.0 –
Pennsylvania 159 3.9 28 232 6.4 31 219 12.2 20 130 19.3 17
Puerto Rico 32 7.7 7 144 11.5 8 106 12.7 19 47 29.7 5
Rhode Island 12 2.7 34 24 9.2 13 18 17.9 5 9 18.1 –
South Carolina 18 6.4 13 92 11.9 7 232 15.0 11 259 19.9 16
South Dakota 0 0.0 – 7 2.8 – 7 3.3 – 10 8.1 –
Tennessee 25 5.7 18 122 9.8 12 207 9.9 26 311 21.8 10
Texas 78 8.3 5 293 11.3 9 579 13.3 15 2,818 21.6 12
Utah 6 1.8 – 20 3.1 41 37 5.6 40 50 9.2 33
Vermont 4 1.9 – 6 2.3 – 0 0.0 – – – –
Virginia 51 4.4 26 145 7.6 24 241 11.2 21 253 18.7 20
Washington 92 5.9 15 154 6.6 29 116 8.5 31 60 12.2 29
West Virginia 8 3.5 – 38 5.2 34 38 8.2 33 8 34.9 –
Wisconsin 51 2.9 32 54 2.9 42 51 7.4 35 34 15.3 24
Wyoming 0 0.0 – 2 2.1 – 1 0.6 – 5 2.9 –
Totalb 2,863 4.9 – 5,575 7.8 – 7,598 11.8 – 12,875 21.8 –

Abbreviation: SDH, social determinants of health [footnotes only].

Note. Data reflect the census tract of the person’s residential address at the time they received an HIV diagnosis, and the proportion of residents within the census tract without health insurance or health coverage plan (individuals aged 18 years and older). Rates are per 100,000 population. Reported numbers less than 12, and rates based on these numbers, should be interpreted with caution. For the definitions of SDH indicator variables used in this report, seehttps://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/tech_docs/subject_definitions/2019_ACSSubjectDefinitions.pdfpdf iconexternal icon.

a Based on rate. Ranks were not assigned to areas with rates that were based on reported numbers less than 12.
b Totals do not represent all adults whose HIV infection was diagnosed during 2019 in these areas. See Technical Notes for exclusion criteria.

Table 8. Diagnoses of HIV infection among adults, by GINI index percentage, sex at birth, and area of residence, 2019—census tract level, United States and Puerto Rico
Gini index (%)
Male
<38 38.00–41.99 42.00–45.99  ≥46
Area of residence No. Rate Ranka No. Rate Ranka No. Rate Ranka No. Rate Ranka
Alabama 42 14.6 16 61 13.6 20 106 22.2 11 163 27.8 13
Alaska 6 6.2 – 3 3.4 – 3 4.2 – 2 6.6 –
Arizona 141 16.3 13 139 19.3 12 118 21.5 12 125 23.6 17
Arkansas 24 16.5 12 43 14.9 17 37 12.2 29 72 19.3 23
California 237 6.2 34 342 8.6 37 425 11.8 31 500 14.6 32
Colorado 89 11.5 20 74 13.7 19 54 12.1 30 82 20.4 21
Connecticut 25 8.7 27 30 7.4 39 43 13.3 26 57 16.5 29
Delaware 11 12.1 – 16 12.9 22 13 16.6 18 24 35.9 4
District of Columbia 6 31.6 – 39 108.9 1 26 42.3 1 99 66.9 1
Florida 551 32.4 2 868 36.9 3 720 38.5 3 1,036 48.2 3
Georgia 438 45.1 1 426 44.5 2 361 40.7 2 503 52.2 2
Hawaii 16 8.2 30 10 7.2 – 13 11.4 32 12 11.2 38
Idaho 8 4.8 – 4 2.1 – 7 4.5 – 6 4.8 –
Illinois 148 12.2 18 218 16.0 15 211 19.0 15 356 32.3 11
Indiana 100 11.6 19 89 12.5 24 71 14.4 23 88 21.4 20
Iowa 22 7.2 33 18 4.2 42 12 4.2 41 12 7.1 41
Kansas 35 9.8 26 31 9.0 34 19 7.9 38 4 2.7 –
Kentucky 53 16.6 11 50 12.9 21 60 13.6 25 85 16.3 30
Louisiana 10 6.5 – 29 8.3 38 28 5.8 40 76 10.4 40
Maine 3 2.7 – 4 2.7 – 4 2.8 – 7 5.8 –
Maryland 259 27.9 3 159 25.7 7 103 29.5 7 105 32.6 10
Massachusetts 42 8.6 28 68 9.8 30 121 15.9 20 122 18.2 26
Michigan 105 10.2 24 103 9.2 33 135 16.0 19 174 22.6 18
Minnesota 39 6.1 35 45 6.5 40 38 8.6 36 49 14.8 31
Mississippi 39 22.8 9 47 24.8 9 79 29.9 5 163 35.6 6
Missouri 85 13.1 17 84 12.8 23 76 14.5 22 86 18.6 25
Montana 1 1.8 – 6 5.4 – 6 4.9 – 5 4.1 –
Nebraska 18 7.5 31 18 8.7 36 10 6.1 – 10 9.8 –
Nevada 98 23.8 7 69 24.9 8 84 35.8 4 79 35.8 5
New Hampshire 5 3.0 – 10 5.3 – 1 1.1 – 8 9.1 –
New Jersey 124 15.8 14 186 19.4 11 198 24.4 9 226 29.5 12
New Mexico 12 9.2 – 25 12.3 26 23 13.2 27 37 13.3 34
New York 145 11.4 21 232 12.5 25 299 17.9 16 606 23.6 16
North Carolina 209 24.9 6 275 26.6 6 228 23.5 10 325 33.5 8
North Dakota 3 6.7 – 4 5.3 – 9 8.7 – 7 9.4 –
Ohio 140 10.9 22 191 14.8 18 162 17.7 17 216 24.6 14
Oklahoma 58 18.4 10 56 14.9 16 42 10.8 35 64 16.8 27
Oregon 30 7.3 32 45 9.7 31 34 8.4 37 43 13.2 35
Pennsylvania 91 8.3 29 162 9.8 29 122 10.9 33 194 18.9 24
Puerto Rico 3 11.9 – 31 31.9 4 33 14.3 24 199 22.3 19
Rhode Island 8 10.0 – 13 10.9 28 18 19.5 14 14 12.0 36
South Carolina 82 22.9 8 108 21.5 10 122 25.7 8 172 32.9 9
South Dakota 2 2.1 – 7 9.3 – 4 4.4 – 4 5.6 –
Tennessee 144 26.9 5 126 18.4 13 86 15.0 21 173 24.6 15
Texas 869 27.4 4 727 28.9 5 672 29.7 6 815 35.6 7
Utah 56 10.0 25 22 8.9 35 18 10.9 34 12 10.7 39
Vermont 0 0.0 – 3 3.9 – 3 3.6 – 3 5.9 –
Virginia 183 14.8 15 147 17.8 14 116 19.5 13 109 20.1 22
Washington 92 10.2 23 97 11.2 27 83 12.9 28 75 16.6 28
West Virginia 1 1.3 – 18 9.6 32 11 5.0 – 32 14.2 33
Wisconsin 32 5.1 36 45 5.7 41 35 7.5 39 41 11.9 37
Wyoming 2 3.2 – 2 2.7 – 0 0.0 – 3 9.0 –
Totalb 4,942 15.7 – 5,625 16.7 – 5,302 18.6 – 7,480 25.2 –
Table 8. Diagnoses of HIV infection among adults, by GINI index percentage, sex at birth, and area of residence, 2019—census tract level, United States and Puerto Rico
Gini index (%)
Female
<38 38.00–41.99 42.00–45.99  ≥46
Area of residence No. Rate Ranka No. Rate Ranka No. Rate Ranka No. Rate Ranka
Alabama 8 2.6 – 23 4.7 7 25 4.7 13 40 6.1 12
Alaska 2 2.3 – 1 1.2 – 3 4.7 – 0 0.0 –
Arizona 35 3.9 8 29 3.8 13 15 2.7 24 16 3.0 31
Arkansas 3 2.0 – 13 4.3 10 9 2.8 – 19 4.7 21
California 20 0.5 24 46 1.1 25 46 1.2 28 56 1.6 33
Colorado 18 2.3 17 19 3.5 15 15 3.4 21 16 4.0 27
Connecticut 5 1.7 – 9 2.1 – 20 5.5 8 12 3.2 30
Delaware 5 5.3 – 5 3.7 – 6 6.7 – 7 9.3 –
District of Columbia 2 10.7 – 3 7.8 – 6 9.0 – 39 22.1 1
Florida 136 7.5 3 255 10.1 1 180 9.1 1 268 11.6 3
Georgia 108 10.3 1 93 9.0 2 85 8.8 3 122 11.5 4
Hawaii 2 1.1 – 0 0.0 – 3 2.6 – 1 0.9 –
Idaho 0 0.0 – 1 0.5 – 3 1.9 – 1 0.8 –
Illinois 36 2.9 15 47 3.3 17 49 4.2 14 88 7.2 10
Indiana 19 2.1 20 27 3.6 14 21 4.0 15 20 4.5 22
Iowa 6 2.0 – 8 1.8 – 5 1.7 – 6 3.4 –
Kansas 11 3.0 – 8 2.3 – 3 1.2 – 3 2.0 –
Kentucky 7 2.1 – 12 3.0 20 13 2.8 23 18 3.2 29
Louisiana 1 0.6 – 7 1.9 – 11 2.2 – 29 3.6 28
Maine 0 0.0 – 2 1.3 – 1 0.7 – 4 3.0 –
Maryland 99 9.9 2 58 8.6 3 34 8.8 2 58 15.5 2
Massachusetts 19 3.7 9 33 4.4 9 31 3.7 17 40 5.3 19
Michigan 19 1.8 23 28 2.4 23 22 2.4 25 34 4.1 26
Minnesota 23 3.5 10 17 2.4 22 9 1.9 – 14 4.1 25
Mississippi 12 6.6 4 5 2.4 – 21 7.5 4 44 8.6 7
Missouri 13 1.9 22 11 1.6 – 13 2.3 26 12 2.4 32
Montana 0 0.0 – 1 0.9 – 1 0.8 – 2 1.6 –
Nebraska 1 0.4 – 6 2.8 – 1 0.6 – 4 3.8 –
Nevada 14 3.4 11 9 3.2 – 14 6.0 6 13 5.9 13
New Hampshire 2 1.2 – 1 0.5 – 0 0.0 – 0 0.0 –
New Jersey 25 3.0 14 40 3.9 12 59 6.7 5 80 9.4 5
New Mexico 2 1.5 – 2 0.9 – 3 1.7 – 7 2.4 –
New York 27 2.0 21 65 3.3 18 70 3.8 16 169 5.8 16
North Carolina 45 5.0 6 52 4.7 8 57 5.5 9 63 5.8 15
North Dakota 1 2.5 – 2 2.7 – 4 4.0 – 3 4.3 –
Ohio 32 2.4 16 45 3.3 19 35 3.5 18 65 6.8 11
Oklahoma 10 3.1 – 16 4.1 11 14 3.5 19 17 4.2 23
Oregon 1 0.2 – 5 1.0 – 6 1.4 – 2 0.6 –
Pennsylvania 26 2.3 18 38 2.2 24 42 3.5 20 65 5.7 17
Puerto Rico 0 0.0 – 6 5.4 – 1 0.4 – 56 5.5 18
Rhode Island 1 1.2 – 4 3.2 – 2 2.0 – 3 2.3 –
South Carolina 12 3.1 13 26 4.8 5 26 5.0 11 53 9.0 6
South Dakota 1 1.1 – 2 2.7 – 3 3.3 – 1 1.4 –
Tennessee 23 4.0 7 34 4.7 6 20 3.3 22 58 7.4 9
Texas 171 5.2 5 189 7.2 4 131 5.6 7 193 8.1 8
Utah 1 0.2 – 1 0.4 – 3 1.8 – 0 0.0 –
Vermont 0 0.0 – 0 0.0 – 1 1.1 – 0 0.0 –
Virginia 43 3.4 12 30 3.5 16 31 4.9 12 31 5.2 20
Washington 20 2.2 19 22 2.5 21 14 2.1 27 19 4.1 24
West Virginia 0 0.0 – 4 2.1 – 12 5.3 10 14 5.8 14
Wisconsin 11 1.7 – 7 0.9 – 10 2.1 – 9 2.5 –
Wyoming 0 0.0 – 1 1.4 – 0 0.0 – 0 0.0 –
Totalb 1,078 3.3 – 1,368 3.9 – 1,209 4.0 – 1,894 5.9 –
Table 8. Diagnoses of HIV infection among adults, by GINI index percentage, sex at birth, and area of residence, 2019—census tract level, United States and Puerto Rico
Gini index (%)
Total
<38 38.00–41.99 42.00–45.99  ≥46
Area of residence No. Rate Ranka No. Rate Ranka No. Rate Ranka No. Rate Ranka
Alabama 50 8.5 17 84 8.9 18 131 13.0 11 203 16.4 13
Alaska 8 4.4 – 4 2.3 – 6 4.4 – 2 3.4 –
Arizona 176 10.0 11 168 11.4 13 133 12.1 12 141 13.2 18
Arkansas 27 9.0 14 56 9.5 16 46 7.4 28 91 11.7 24
California 257 3.4 38 388 4.8 37 471 6.4 35 556 7.9 33
Colorado 107 6.9 20 93 8.6 20 69 7.7 26 98 12.3 22
Connecticut 30 5.2 30 39 4.7 38 63 9.2 20 69 9.5 31
Delaware 16 8.7 16 21 8.1 21 19 11.3 15 31 21.8 5
District of Columbia 8 21.3 – 42 56.6 1 32 24.9 1 138 42.5 1
Florida 687 19.6 2 1,123 23.0 3 900 23.4 3 1,304 29.3 3
Georgia 546 27.0 1 519 26.0 2 446 24.0 2 625 30.9 2
Hawaii 18 4.7 33 10 3.5 – 16 6.9 33 13 5.9 40
Idaho 8 2.4 – 5 1.3 – 10 3.2 – 7 2.8 –
Illinois 184 7.4 18 265 9.5 15 260 11.3 14 444 19.1 10
Indiana 119 6.8 21 116 7.9 22 92 9.0 21 108 12.6 20
Iowa 28 4.6 34 26 3.0 42 17 2.9 43 18 5.2 42
Kansas 46 6.4 24 39 5.6 34 22 4.5 41 7 2.4 –
Kentucky 60 9.2 13 62 7.8 23 73 8.0 25 103 9.5 30
Louisiana 11 3.5 – 36 5.0 36 39 3.9 42 105 6.9 37
Maine 3 1.3 – 6 2.0 – 5 1.7 – 11 4.3 –
Maryland 358 18.5 3 217 16.7 6 137 18.6 5 163 23.4 4
Massachusetts 61 6.1 26 101 7.0 26 152 9.5 19 162 11.3 25
Michigan 124 5.9 27 131 5.7 32 157 9.0 22 208 12.9 19
Minnesota 62 4.8 32 62 4.5 40 47 5.2 37 63 9.3 32
Mississippi 51 14.5 7 52 13.0 9 100 18.3 6 207 21.3 7
Missouri 98 7.4 19 95 7.0 25 89 8.2 24 98 10.1 28
Montana 1 0.9 – 7 3.1 – 7 2.8 – 7 2.9 –
Nebraska 19 4.0 35 24 5.7 33 11 3.3 – 14 6.8 38
Nevada 112 13.5 8 78 14.0 8 98 20.9 4 92 20.9 8
New Hampshire 7 2.1 – 11 2.8 – 1 0.5 – 8 4.5 –
New Jersey 149 9.2 12 226 11.4 11 257 15.1 8 306 19.0 11
New Mexico 14 5.3 28 27 6.5 29 26 7.3 29 44 7.8 34
New York 172 6.6 22 297 7.8 24 369 10.6 16 775 14.2 16
North Carolina 254 14.6 6 327 15.2 7 285 14.2 10 388 18.9 12
North Dakota 4 4.7 – 6 4.0 – 13 6.4 34 10 6.9 –
Ohio 172 6.5 23 236 8.9 19 197 10.3 17 281 15.3 15
Oklahoma 68 10.6 10 72 9.4 17 56 7.1 30 81 10.4 26
Oregon 31 3.7 36 50 5.3 35 40 4.9 39 45 6.8 39
Pennsylvania 117 5.2 29 200 5.9 30 164 7.0 31 259 11.9 23
Puerto Rico 3 5.4 – 37 17.7 5 34 6.9 32 255 13.3 17
Rhode Island 9 5.5 – 17 7.0 27 20 10.3 18 17 6.9 36
South Carolina 94 12.6 9 134 12.9 10 148 14.9 9 225 20.3 9
South Dakota 3 1.6 – 9 6.1 – 7 3.9 – 5 3.5 –
Tennessee 167 15.1 5 160 11.4 12 106 8.9 23 231 15.5 14
Texas 1,040 16.2 4 916 17.9 4 803 17.4 7 1,008 21.5 6
Utah 57 5.1 31 23 4.6 39 21 6.3 36 12 5.3 41
Vermont 0 0.0 – 3 1.9 – 4 2.3 – 3 2.9 –
Virginia 226 9.0 15 177 10.5 14 147 11.9 13 140 12.4 21
Washington 112 6.2 25 119 6.9 28 97 7.4 27 94 10.3 27
West Virginia 1 0.6 – 22 5.8 31 23 5.1 38 46 9.9 29
Wisconsin 43 3.4 37 52 3.3 41 45 4.7 40 50 7.1 35
Wyoming 2 1.6 – 3 2.1 – 0 0.0 – 3 4.4 –
Totalb 6,020 9.4 – 6,993 10.1 – 6,511 11.1 – 9,374 15.2 –

Abbreviation: SDH, social determinants of health [footnotes only].

Note. Data reflect the census tract of the person’s residential address at the time they received an HIV diagnosis, and the proportion of income inequality as measured by the Gini index within the census tract. Rates are per 100,000 population. Reported numbers less than 12, and rates based on these numbers, should be interpreted with caution. For the definitions of SDH indicator variables used in this report, see https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/tech_docs/subject_definitions/2019_ACSSubjectDefinitions.pdfpdf iconexternal icon.

a Based on rate. Ranks were not assigned to areas with rates that were based on reported numbers less than 12.
b Totals do not represent all adults whose HIV infection was diagnosed during 2019 in these areas. See Technical Notes for exclusion criteria.

Table 9. Linkage to HIV medical care after HIV diagnosis and viral suppression within 6 months of HIV diagnosis during 2019 among adults, by age at diagnosis, sex at birth, and selected social determinants of health—census tract level, 44 states and the District of Columbia
18‒24 years 25–34 years 35–44 years
Total diagnoses Linkage to Care Viral Suppression Total diagnoses Linkage to Care Viral Suppression Total diagnoses Linkage to Care Viral Suppression
≥1 CD4 or VL tests VL <200 copies/mL ≤6 months ≥1 CD4 or VL tests VL <200 copies/mL ≤6 months ≥1 CD4 or VL tests VL <200 copies/mL ≤6 months
No. No. % No. % No. No. % No. % No. No. % No. %
Male
Below federal poverty level (%)
<6 601 486 80.9 433 72.0 1,048 852 81.3 731 69.8 576 485 84.2 422 73.3
6.00–10.99 1,021 819 80.2 720 70.5 1,929 1,599 82.9 1,351 70.0 897 772 86.1 679 75.7
11.00–17.99 1,287 1,014 78.8 878 68.2 2,238 1,822 81.4 1,595 71.3 1,059 862 81.4 761 71.9
 ≥18 1,892 1,471 77.7 1,270 67.1 3,026 2,443 80.7 2,046 67.6 1,316 1,074 81.6 894 67.9
Less than high school diploma (%)
<6 842 669 79.5 610 72.4 1,503 1,241 82.6 1,059 70.5 737 641 87.0 568 77.1
6.00–9.99 926 733 79.2 639 69.0 1,522 1,268 83.3 1,098 72.1 728 601 82.6 521 71.6
10.00–16.99 1,227 974 79.4 844 68.8 2,155 1,757 81.5 1,489 69.1 941 759 80.7 662 70.4
 ≥17 1,810 1,416 78.2 1,210 66.9 3,064 2,452 80.0 2,079 67.9 1,442 1,192 82.7 1,005 69.7
Median household income (U.S. $)
<44,000 1,964 1,525 77.6 1,299 66.1 3,071 2,454 79.9 2,074 67.5 1,359 1,101 81.0 903 66.4
44,000–58,999 1,170 905 77.4 800 68.4 2,111 1,695 80.3 1,449 68.6 959 789 82.3 713 74.3
59,000–80,999 1,011 823 81.4 726 71.8 1,824 1,519 83.3 1,300 71.3 840 703 83.7 617 73.5
 ≥81,000 648 532 82.1 471 72.7 1,227 1,042 84.9 893 72.8 689 600 87.1 523 75.9
Without health insurance (%)
<4 395 340 86.1 296 74.9 720 608 84.4 535 74.3 408 357 87.5 310 76.0
4.00–7.99 872 698 80.0 624 71.6 1,509 1,274 84.4 1,092 72.4 747 645 86.3 548 73.4
8.00–13.99 1,314 1,046 79.6 919 69.9 2,224 1,816 81.7 1,533 68.9 945 778 82.3 675 71.4
 ≥14 2,222 1,708 76.9 1,464 65.9 3,788 3,018 79.7 2,563 67.7 1,748 1,413 80.8 1,223 70.0
Gini index (%)
<38 1,118 877 78.4 757 67.7 1,779 1,430 80.4 1,231 69.2 822 668 81.3 594 72.3
38.00–41.99 1,155 915 79.2 791 68.5 1,986 1,643 82.7 1,391 70.0 957 804 84.0 695 72.6
42.00–45.99 1,038 832 80.2 728 70.1 1,876 1,534 81.8 1,337 71.3 900 737 81.9 646 71.8
 ≥46 1,487 1,164 78.3 1,023 68.8 2,595 2,104 81.1 1,759 67.8 1,169 984 84.2 821 70.2
Subtotala 4,999 3,943 78.9 3,436 68.7 8,518 6,927 81.3 5,908 69.4 3,987 3,301 82.8 2,847 71.4
Female
Below federal poverty level (%)
<6 65 55 84.6 47 72.3 134 98 73.1 101 75.4 134 114 85.1 102 76.1
6.00–10.99 117 101 86.3 91 77.8 297 237 79.8 217 73.1 238 196 82.4 173 72.7
11.00–17.99 145 115 79.3 103 71.0 359 293 81.6 254 70.8 315 263 83.5 211 67.0
 ≥18 324 255 78.7 211 65.1 588 465 79.1 400 68.0 486 390 80.2 325 66.9
Less than high school diploma (%)
<6 89 81 91.0 70 78.7 164 130 79.3 124 75.6 150 132 88.0 116 77.3
6.00–9.99 89 72 80.9 67 75.3 227 180 79.3 169 74.4 188 156 83.0 133 70.7
10.00–16.99 177 143 80.8 124 70.1 371 299 80.6 262 70.6 335 274 81.8 232 69.3
 ≥17 296 230 77.7 191 64.5 616 484 78.6 417 67.7 500 401 80.2 330 66.0
Median household income (U.S. $)
<44,000 335 258 77.0 213 63.6 628 498 79.3 420 66.9 502 397 79.1 330 65.7
44,000–58,999 144 124 86.1 111 77.1 333 275 82.6 234 70.3 280 239 85.4 188 67.1
59,000–80,999 108 87 80.6 79 73.1 248 192 77.4 193 77.8 246 204 82.9 181 73.6
 ≥81,000 64 57 89.1 49 76.6 169 128 75.7 125 74.0 144 122 84.7 111 77.1
Without health insurance (%)
<4 52 48 92.3 38 73.1 96 78 81.3 72 75.0 81 70 86.4 61 75.3
4.00–7.99 113 97 85.8 90 79.6 232 178 76.7 174 75.0 196 167 85.2 150 76.5
8.00–13.99 143 111 77.6 92 64.3 352 282 80.1 250 71.0 318 262 82.4 218 68.6
 ≥14 343 270 78.7 232 67.6 698 555 79.5 476 68.2 578 464 80.3 382 66.1
Gini index (%)
<38 123 101 82.1 94 76.4 264 201 76.1 193 73.1 249 206 82.7 173 69.5
38.00–41.99 161 135 83.9 115 71.4 367 297 80.9 250 68.1 303 252 83.2 214 70.6
42.00–45.99 131 103 78.6 95 72.5 297 229 77.1 200 67.3 230 193 83.9 160 69.6
 ≥46 236 187 79.2 148 62.7 450 366 81.3 329 73.1 391 312 79.8 264 67.5
Subtotala 682 546 80.1 473 69.4 1,426 1,125 78.9 995 69.8 1,197 981 82.0 822 68.7
Total 5,681 4,489 79.0 3,909 68.8 9,944 8,052 81.0 6,903 69.4 5,184 4,282 82.6 3,669 70.8

 

Table 9. Linkage to HIV medical care after HIV diagnosis and viral suppression within 6 months of HIV diagnosis during 2019 among adults, by age at diagnosis, sex at birth, and selected social determinants of health—census tract level, 44 states and the District of Columbia
45–54 years ≥55 years Total
Total diagnoses Linkage to Care Viral Suppression Total diagnoses Linkage to Care Viral Suppression Total diagnoses Linkage to Care Viral Suppression
≥1 CD4 or VL tests VL <200 copies/mL ≤6 months ≥1 CD4 or VL tests VL <200 copies/mL ≤6 months ≥1 CD4 or VL tests VL <200 copies/mL ≤6 months
No. No. % No. % No. No. % No. % No. No. % No. %
Male
Below federal poverty level (%)
<6 399 350 87.7 308 77.2 336 292 86.9 259 77.1 2,960 2,465 83.3 2,153 72.7
6.00–10.99 680 587 86.3 508 74.7 492 428 87.0 353 71.7 5,019 4,205 83.8 3,611 71.9
11.00–17.99 679 567 83.5 480 70.7 460 382 83.0 307 66.7 5,723 4,647 81.2 4,021 70.3
 ≥18 817 678 83.0 558 68.3 666 561 84.2 436 65.5 7,717 6,227 80.7 5,204 67.4
Less than high school diploma (%)
<6 554 481 86.8 420 75.8 435 384 88.3 329 75.6 4,071 3,416 83.9 2,986 73.3
6.00–9.99 482 413 85.7 340 70.5 364 313 86.0 266 73.1 4,022 3,328 82.7 2,864 71.2
10.00–16.99 637 530 83.2 460 72.2 472 398 84.3 330 69.9 5,432 4,418 81.3 3,785 69.7
 ≥17 902 758 84.0 634 70.3 686 571 83.2 431 62.8 7,904 6,389 80.8 5,359 67.8
Median household income (U.S. $)
<44,000 816 678 83.1 559 68.5 656 550 83.8 423 64.5 7,866 6,308 80.2 5,258 66.8
44,000–58,999 620 516 83.2 449 72.4 468 390 83.3 316 67.5 5,328 4,295 80.6 3,727 70.0
59,000–80,999 619 538 86.9 461 74.5 441 397 90.0 327 74.1 4,735 3,980 84.1 3,431 72.5
 ≥81,000 518 449 86.7 383 73.9 386 323 83.7 286 74.1 3,468 2,946 84.9 2,556 73.7
Without health insurance (%)
<4 318 284 89.3 249 78.3 249 225 90.4 199 79.9 2,090 1,814 86.8 1,589 76.0
4.00–7.99 527 458 86.9 387 73.4 387 338 87.3 286 73.9 4,042 3,413 84.4 2,937 72.7
8.00–13.99 643 537 83.5 475 73.9 521 443 85.0 352 67.6 5,647 4,620 81.8 3,954 70.0
 ≥14 1,087 903 83.1 743 68.4 797 657 82.4 518 65.0 9,642 7,699 79.8 6,511 67.5
Gini index (%)
<38 539 458 85.0 398 73.8 370 310 83.8 254 68.6 4,628 3,743 80.9 3,234 69.9
38.00–41.99 586 504 86.0 429 73.2 474 407 85.9 335 70.7 5,158 4,273 82.8 3,641 70.6
42.00–45.99 614 518 84.4 451 73.5 432 372 86.1 303 70.1 4,860 3,993 82.2 3,465 71.3
 ≥46 835 701 84.0 575 68.9 677 573 84.6 462 68.2 6,763 5,526 81.7 4,640 68.6
Subtotala 2,673 2,267 84.8 1,923 71.9 2,020 1,718 85.0 1,399 69.3 22,197 18,156 81.8 15,513 69.9
Female
Below federal poverty level (%)
<6 110 93 84.5 79 71.8 109 93 85.3 80 73.4 552 453 82.1 409 74.1
6.00–10.99 209 175 83.7 163 78.0 161 136 84.5 122 75.8 1,022 845 82.7 766 75.0
11.00–17.99 254 206 81.1 170 66.9 212 175 82.5 149 70.3 1,285 1,052 81.9 887 69.0
 ≥18 404 311 77.0 269 66.6 370 312 84.3 263 71.1 2,172 1,733 79.8 1,468 67.6
Less than high school diploma (%)
<6 116 101 87.1 83 71.6 100 89 89.0 75 75.0 619 533 86.1 468 75.6
6.00–9.99 159 127 79.9 113 71.1 137 114 83.2 102 74.5 800 649 81.1 584 73.0
10.00–16.99 274 221 80.7 191 69.7 226 193 85.4 165 73.0 1,383 1,130 81.7 974 70.4
 ≥17 428 336 78.5 294 68.7 389 320 82.3 272 69.9 2,229 1,771 79.5 1,504 67.5
Median household income (U.S. $)
<44,000 414 320 77.3 282 68.1 390 332 85.1 276 70.8 2,269 1,805 79.6 1,521 67.0
44,000–58,999 256 196 76.6 172 67.2 186 152 81.7 140 75.3 1,199 986 82.2 845 70.5
59,000–80,999 191 166 86.9 144 75.4 150 126 84.0 110 73.3 943 775 82.2 707 75.0
 ≥81,000 115 102 88.7 83 72.2 126 106 84.1 88 69.8 618 515 83.3 456 73.8
Without health insurance (%)
<4 73 67 91.8 57 78.1 74 66 89.2 63 85.1 376 329 87.5 291 77.4
4.00–7.99 172 148 86.0 126 73.3 142 122 85.9 103 72.5 855 712 83.3 643 75.2
8.00–13.99 264 210 79.5 180 68.2 213 179 84.0 158 74.2 1,290 1,044 80.9 898 69.6
 ≥14 468 360 76.9 318 67.9 423 349 82.5 290 68.6 2,510 1,998 79.6 1,698 67.6
Gini index (%)
<38 204 162 79.4 148 72.5 169 141 83.4 122 72.2 1,009 811 80.4 730 72.3
38.00–41.99 243 200 82.3 178 73.3 189 166 87.8 142 75.1 1,263 1,050 83.1 899 71.2
42.00–45.99 236 186 78.8 153 64.8 193 160 82.9 136 70.5 1,087 871 80.1 744 68.4
 ≥46 293 236 80.5 202 68.9 301 249 82.7 214 71.1 1,671 1,350 80.8 1,157 69.2
Subtotala 998 804 80.6 695 69.6 876 733 83.7 626 71.5 5,179 4,189 80.9 3,611 69.7
Total 3,671 3,071 83.7 2,618 71.3 2,896 2,451 84.6 2,025 69.9 27,376 22,345 81.6 19,124 69.9

Abbreviations: CD4, CD4+ T-lymphocyte count (cells/µL) or percentage; VL, viral load (copies/mL); CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [footnotes only]; SDH, social determinants of health [footnotes only].

Note. Data reflect the census tract of the person’s residential address at the time they received an HIV diagnosis. Linkage to HIV medical care was measured by documentation of ≥1 CD4 or VL tests ≤1 month after HIV diagnosis. A VL test result of <200 copies/mL indicates HIV viral suppression. VL test results are within 6 months of diagnosis of HIV infection during 2019. Data not provided for states and associated counties that do not have laws requiring reporting of all CD4 and viral loads, or that have incomplete reporting of laboratory data to CDC. Areas without laws: Idaho and New Jersey. Areas with incomplete reporting: Kansas, Kentucky, Pennsylvania, Vermont, and Puerto Rico. Definitions for the SDH indicator variables used in this report can be found at https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/tech_docs/subject_definitions/2019_ACSSubjectDefinitions.pdfpdf iconexternal icon.

a Because column subtotals were calculated independently of the values for the subpopulations, the values in each column may not sum to the column subtotals. See Technical Notes for criteria used to define SDH subpopulations.

10. Linkage to HIV medical care after HIV diagnosis and viral suppression within 6 months of HIV diagnosis during 2019 among adults, by race/ethnicity, sex at birth, and selected social determinants of health—census tract level, 44 states and the District of Columbia
American Indian/Alaska Native
Total diagnoses Linkage to Care Viral Suppression
≥1 CD4 or VL tests VL <200 copies/mL ≤6 months
 No.  No. % No. %
Male
Below federal poverty level (%)
<6 12 9 75.0 10 83.3
6.00–10.99 19 16 84.2 13 68.4
11.00–17.99 19 13 68.4 10 52.6
 ≥18 45 38 84.4 33 73.3
Less than high school diploma (%)
<6 21 17 81.0 16 76.2
6.00–9.99 28 24 85.7 18 64.3
10.00–16.99 21 15 71.4 14 66.7
 ≥17 25 20 80.0 18 72.0
Median household income (U.S. $)
<44,000 42 34 81.0 28 66.7
44,000–58,999 19 14 73.7 14 73.7
59,000–80,999 22 20 90.9 16 72.7
 ≥81,000 12 8 66.7 8 66.7
Without health insurance (%)
<4 10 7 70.0 7 70.0
4.00–7.99 21 18 85.7 13 61.9
8.00–13.99 20 17 85.0 15 75.0
 ≥14 44 34 77.3 31 70.5
Gini index (%)
<38 14 12 85.7 11 78.6
38.00–41.99 22 16 72.7 15 68.2
42.00–45.99 23 16 69.6 11 47.8
 ≥46 36 32 88.9 29 80.6
Subtotalb 102 81 79.4 69 67.6
Female
Below federal poverty level (%)
<6 1 1 100 0 0
6.00–10.99 7 6 85.7 7 100
11.00–17.99 7 7 100 5 71.4
 ≥18 12 11 91.7 7 58.3
Less than high school diploma (%)
<6 4 4 100 3 75.0
6.00–9.99 3 3 100 3 100
10.00–16.99 10 9 90.0 7 70.0
 ≥17 10 9 90.0 6 60.0
Median household income (U.S. $)
<44,000 11 11 100 8 72.7
44,000–58,999 9 7 77.8 5 55.6
59,000–80,999 5 5 100 4 80.0
 ≥81,000 2 2 100 2 100
Without health insurance (%)
<4 0 0 0 0 0
4.00–7.99 9 9 100 7 77.8
8.00–13.99 6 5 83.3 4 66.7
 ≥14 12 11 91.7 8 66.7
Gini index (%)
<38 7 6 85.7 6 85.7
38.00–41.99 6 6 100 4 66.7
42.00–45.99 9 8 88.9 5 55.6
 ≥46 5 5 100 4 80.0
Subtotalb 29 26 89.7 21 72.4
Total 131 107 81.7 90 68.7

 

10. Linkage to HIV medical care after HIV diagnosis and viral suppression within 6 months of HIV diagnosis during 2019 among adults, by race/ethnicity, sex at birth, and selected social determinants of health—census tract level, 44 states and the District of Columbia
Asian
Total diagnoses Linkage to Care Viral Suppression
≥1 CD4 or VL tests VL <200 copies/mL ≤6 months
 No.  No. % No. %
Male
Below federal poverty level (%)
<6 98 85 86.7 72 73.5
6.00–10.99 124 108 87.1 106 85.5
11.00–17.99 106 90 84.9 83 78.3
 ≥18 96 87 90.6 76 79.2
Less than high school diploma (%)
<6 134 119 88.8 106 79.1
6.00–9.99 95 82 86.3 78 82.1
10.00–16.99 86 76 88.4 65 75.6
 ≥17 109 93 85.3 88 80.7
Median household income (U.S. $)
<44,000 73 66 90.4 56 76.7
44,000–58,999 94 79 84.0 76 80.9
59,000–80,999 115 98 85.2 93 80.9
 ≥81,000 142 127 89.4 112 78.9
Without health insurance (%)
<4 94 83 88.3 79 84.0
4.00–7.99 116 105 90.5 93 80.2
8.00–13.99 106 92 86.8 82 77.4
 ≥14 108 90 83.3 83 76.9
Gini index (%)
<38 78 63 80.8 57 73.1
38.00–41.99 109 93 85.3 88 80.7
42.00–45.99 97 82 84.5 78 80.4
 ≥46 140 132 94.3 114 81.4
Subtotalb 435 380 87.4 346 79.5
Female
Below federal poverty level (%)
<6 14 13 92.9 10 71.4
6.00–10.99 16 15 93.8 13 81.3
11.00–17.99 19 14 73.7 14 73.7
 ≥18 13 11 84.6 11 84.6
Less than high school diploma (%)
<6 16 13 81.3 12 75.0
6.00–9.99 14 12 85.7 10 71.4
10.00–16.99 14 13 92.9 10 71.4
 ≥17 18 15 83.3 16 88.9
Median household income (U.S. $)
<44,000 8 6 75.0 6 75.0
44,000–58,999 15 11 73.3 14 93.3
59,000–80,999 24 22 91.7 16 66.7
 ≥81,000 15 14 93.3 12 80.0
Without health insurance (%)
<4 11 9 81.8 8 72.7
4.00–7.99 16 15 93.8 13 81.3
8.00–13.99 18 15 83.3 12 66.7
 ≥14 17 14 82.4 15 88.2
Gini index (%)
<38 19 18 94.7 14 73.7
38.00–41.99 15 13 86.7 12 80.0
42.00–45.99 17 13 76.5 12 70.6
 ≥46 11 9 81.8 10 90.9
Subtotalb 65 55 84.6 50 76.9
Total 500 435 87.0 396 79.2

 

10. Linkage to HIV medical care after HIV diagnosis and viral suppression within 6 months of HIV diagnosis during 2019 among adults, by race/ethnicity, sex at birth, and selected social determinants of health—census tract level, 44 states and the District of Columbia
Black/African American
Total diagnoses Linkage to Care Viral Suppression
≥1 CD4 or VL tests VL <200 copies/mL ≤6 months
 No.  No. % No. %
Male
Below federal poverty level (%)
<6 923 728 78.9 602 65.2
6.00–10.99 1,710 1,374 80.4 1,176 68.8
11.00–17.99 2,257 1,756 77.8 1,481 65.6
 ≥18 3,978 3,081 77.5 2,539 63.8
Less than high school diploma (%)
<6 1,307 1,044 79.9 876 67.0
6.00–9.99 1,597 1,269 79.5 1,064 66.6
10.00–16.99 2,558 2,008 78.5 1,674 65.4
 ≥17 3,411 2,622 76.9 2,186 64.1
Median household income (U.S. $)
<44,000 4,170 3,202 76.8 2,648 63.5
44,000–58,999 2,100 1,632 77.7 1,385 66.0
59,000–80,999 1,580 1,276 80.8 1,082 68.5
 ≥81,000 1,002 819 81.7 671 67.0
Without health insurance (%)
<4 629 516 82.0 434 69.0
4.00–7.99 1,507 1,244 82.5 1,021 67.8
8.00–13.99 2,457 1,934 78.7 1,623 66.1
 ≥14 4,276 3,246 75.9 2,721 63.6
Gini index (%)
<38 1,855 1,452 78.3 1,202 64.8
38.00–41.99 1,932 1,535 79.5 1,291 66.8
42.00–45.99 1,960 1,552 79.2 1,321 67.4
 ≥46 3,115 2,395 76.9 1,979 63.5
Subtotalb 9,203 7,188 78.1 6,009 65.3
Female
Below federal poverty level (%)
<6 295 244 82.7 226 76.6
6.00–10.99 516 422 81.8 396 76.7
11.00–17.99 709 584 82.4 498 70.2
 ≥18 1,408 1,114 79.1 955 67.8
Less than high school diploma (%)
<6 318 278 87.4 251 78.9
6.00–9.99 452 362 80.1 338 74.8
10.00–16.99 822 665 80.9 588 71.5
 ≥17 1,336 1,059 79.3 898 67.2
Median household income (U.S. $)
<44,000 1,479 1,174 79.4 1,002 67.7
44,000–58,999 636 516 81.1 455 71.5
59,000–80,999 486 396 81.5 364 74.9
 ≥81,000 327 278 85.0 254 77.7
Without health insurance (%)
<4 195 172 88.2 156 80.0
4.00–7.99 455 374 82.2 349 76.7
8.00–13.99 744 603 81.0 535 71.9
 ≥14 1,534 1,215 79.2 1,035 67.5
Gini index (%)
<38 567 450 79.4 419 73.9
38.00–41.99 722 600 83.1 523 72.4
42.00–45.99 578 458 79.2 400 69.2
 ≥46 1,061 856 80.7 733 69.1
Subtotalb 3,013 2,423 80.4 2,122 70.4
Total 12,216 9,611 78.7 8,131 66.6

 

10. Linkage to HIV medical care after HIV diagnosis and viral suppression within 6 months of HIV diagnosis during 2019 among adults, by race/ethnicity, sex at birth, and selected social determinants of health—census tract level, 44 states and the District of Columbia
Hispanic/Latinoa
Total diagnoses Linkage to Care Viral Suppression
≥1 CD4 or VL tests VL <200 copies/mL ≤6 months
 No.  No. % No. %
Male
Below federal poverty level (%)
<6 701 597 85.2 540 77.0
6.00–10.99 1,371 1,164 84.9 1,013 73.9
11.00–17.99 1,800 1,528 84.9 1,356 75.3
 ≥18 2,110 1,791 84.9 1,501 71.1
Less than high school diploma (%)
<6 853 716 83.9 638 74.8
6.00–9.99 884 748 84.6 675 76.4
10.00–16.99 1,274 1,088 85.4 977 76.7
 ≥17 2,974 2,530 85.1 2,122 71.4
Median household income (U.S. $)
<44,000 2,101 1,787 85.1 1,492 71.0
44,000–58,999 1,570 1,319 84.0 1,163 74.1
59,000–80,999 1,380 1,167 84.6 1,047 75.9
 ≥81,000 927 804 86.7 705 76.1
Without health insurance (%)
<4 414 372 89.9 332 80.2
4.00–7.99 822 698 84.9 611 74.3
8.00–13.99 1,357 1,153 85.0 1,035 76.3
 ≥14 3,390 2,858 84.3 2,433 71.8
Gini index (%)
<38 1,324 1,095 82.7 984 74.3
38.00–41.99 1,513 1,287 85.1 1,120 74.0
42.00–45.99 1,389 1,170 84.2 1,029 74.1
 ≥46 1,754 1,526 87.0 1,275 72.7
Subtotalb 6,153 5,218 84.8 4,531 73.6
Female
Below federal poverty level (%)
<6 81 68 84.0 59 72.8
6.00–10.99 165 141 85.5 118 71.5
11.00–17.99 240 202 84.2 171 71.3
 ≥18 330 273 82.7 243 73.6
Less than high school diploma (%)
<6 84 71 84.5 59 70.2
6.00–9.99 78 65 83.3 53 67.9
10.00–16.99 187 160 85.6 147 78.6
 ≥17 467 388 83.1 332 71.1
Median household income (U.S. $)
<44,000 331 273 82.5 240 72.5
44,000–58,999 217 187 86.2 152 70.0
59,000–80,999 164 141 86.0 130 79.3
 ≥81,000 102 81 79.4 68 66.7
Without health insurance (%)
<4 50 45 90.0 39 78.0
4.00–7.99 115 104 90.4 92 80.0
8.00–13.99 160 134 83.8 115 71.9
 ≥14 491 401 81.7 345 70.3
Gini index (%)
<38 175 145 82.9 127 72.6
38.00–41.99 217 185 85.3 152 70.0
42.00–45.99 185 155 83.8 131 70.8
 ≥46 238 198 83.2 181 76.1
Subtotalb 839 700 83.4 600 71.5
Total 6,992 5,918 84.6 5,131 73.4

 

10. Linkage to HIV medical care after HIV diagnosis and viral suppression within 6 months of HIV diagnosis during 2019 among adults, by race/ethnicity, sex at birth, and selected social determinants of health—census tract level, 44 states and the District of Columbia
Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander
Total diagnoses Linkage to Care Viral Suppression
≥1 CD4 or VL tests VL <200 copies/mL ≤6 months
 No.  No. % No. %
Male
Below federal poverty level (%)
<6 12 9 75.0 7 58.3
6.00–10.99 7 6 85.7 6 85.7
11.00–17.99 12 11 91.7 10 83.3
 ≥18 11 7 63.6 5 45.5
Less than high school diploma (%)
<6 8 7 87.5 7 87.5
6.00–9.99 10 8 80.0 6 60.0
10.00–16.99 18 15 83.3 12 66.7
 ≥17 6 3 50.0 3 50.0
Median household income (U.S. $)
<44,000 10 6 60.0 4 40.0
44,000–58,999 11 10 90.9 9 81.8
59,000–80,999 12 10 83.3 8 66.7
 ≥81,000 9 7 77.8 7 77.8
Without health insurance (%)
<4 8 7 87.5 7 87.5
4.00–7.99 11 10 90.9 10 90.9
8.00–13.99 8 5 62.5 2 25.0
 ≥14 15 11 73.3 9 60.0
Gini index (%)
<38 7 5 71.4 4 57.1
38.00–41.99 15 11 73.3 10 66.7
42.00–45.99 10 7 70.0 6 60.0
 ≥46 10 10 100 8 80.0
Subtotalb 43 34 79.1 29 67.4
Female
Below federal poverty level (%)
<6 0 0 0 0 0
6.00–10.99 2 2 100 2 100
11.00–17.99 1 1 100 0 0
 ≥18 3 3 100 3 100
Less than high school diploma (%)
<6 1 1 100 1 100
6.00–9.99 2 2 100 2 100
10.00–16.99 3 3 100 2 66.7
 ≥17 0 0 0 0 0
Median household income (U.S. $)
<44,000 4 4 100 3 75.0
44,000–58,999 0 0 0 0 0
59,000–80,999 1 1 100 1 100
 ≥81,000 1 1 100 1 100
Without health insurance (%)
<4 0 0 0 0 0
4.00–7.99 1 1 100 1 100
8.00–13.99 4 4 100 3 75.0
 ≥14 1 1 100 1 100
Gini index (%)
<38 1 1 100 0 0
38.00–41.99 0 0 0 0 0
42.00–45.99 2 2 100 2 100
 ≥46 3 3 100 3 100
Subtotalb 6 6 100 5 83.3
Total 49 40 81.6 34 69.4

 

10. Linkage to HIV medical care after HIV diagnosis and viral suppression within 6 months of HIV diagnosis during 2019 among adults, by race/ethnicity, sex at birth, and selected social determinants of health—census tract level, 44 states and the District of Columbia
White
Total diagnoses Linkage to Care Viral Suppression
≥1 CD4 or VL tests VL <200 copies/mL ≤6 months
 No.  No. % No. %
Male
Below federal poverty level (%)
<6 1,139 977 85.8 868 76.2
6.00–10.99 1,627 1,413 86.8 1,192 73.3
11.00–17.99 1,356 1,105 81.5 961 70.9
 ≥18 1,285 1,073 83.5 914 71.1
Less than high school diploma (%)
<6 1,612 1,406 87.2 1,247 77.4
6.00–9.99 1,302 1,110 85.3 945 72.6
10.00–16.99 1,305 1,079 82.7 928 71.1
 ≥17 1,190 974 81.8 816 68.6
Median household income (U.S. $)
<44,000 1,278 1,057 82.7 893 69.9
44,000–58,999 1,377 1,123 81.6 976 70.9
59,000–80,999 1,490 1,303 87.4 1,099 73.8
 ≥81,000 1,261 1,084 86.0 966 76.6
Without health insurance (%)
<4 868 773 89.1 677 78.0
4.00–7.99 1,433 1,226 85.6 1,090 76.1
8.00–13.99 1,527 1,282 84.0 1,087 71.2
 ≥14 1,579 1,287 81.5 1,081 68.5
Gini index (%)
<38 1,218 1,017 83.5 888 72.9
38.00–41.99 1,410 1,207 85.6 1,010 71.6
42.00–45.99 1,271 1,077 84.7 945 74.4
 ≥46 1,507 1,266 84.0 1,091 72.4
Subtotalb 5,638 4,757 84.4 4,095 72.6
Female
Below federal poverty level (%)
<6 145 115 79.3 102 70.3
6.00–10.99 285 229 80.4 200 70.2
11.00–17.99 266 210 78.9 171 64.3
 ≥18 336 264 78.6 201 59.8
Less than high school diploma (%)
<6 177 149 84.2 127 71.8
6.00–9.99 230 188 81.7 160 69.6
10.00–16.99 296 234 79.1 183 61.8
 ≥17 329 247 75.1 204 62.0
Median household income (U.S. $)
<44,000 362 279 77.1 216 59.7
44,000–58,999 280 227 81.1 183 65.4
59,000–80,999 236 186 78.8 168 71.2
 ≥81,000 154 126 81.8 107 69.5
Without health insurance (%)
<4 101 87 86.1 74 73.3
4.00–7.99 233 185 79.4 157 67.4
8.00–13.99 328 257 78.4 209 63.7
 ≥14 370 289 78.1 234 63.2
Gini index (%)
<38 210 165 78.6 140 66.7
38.00–41.99 265 214 80.8 179 67.5
42.00–45.99 264 207 78.4 168 63.6
 ≥46 293 232 79.2 187 63.8
Subtotalb 1,061 841 79.3 691 65.1
Total 6,699 5,598 83.6 4,786 71.4

 

10. Linkage to HIV medical care after HIV diagnosis and viral suppression within 6 months of HIV diagnosis during 2019 among adults, by race/ethnicity, sex at birth, and selected social determinants of health—census tract level, 44 states and the District of Columbia
Multiracial
Total diagnoses Linkage to Care Viral Suppression
≥1 CD4 or VL tests VL <200 copies/mL ≤6 months
 No.  No. % No. %
Male
Below federal poverty level (%)
<6 75 60 80.0 54 72.0
6.00–10.99 161 124 77.0 105 65.2
11.00–17.99 173 144 83.2 120 69.4
 ≥18 192 150 78.1 136 70.8
Less than high school diploma (%)
<6 136 107 78.7 96 70.6
6.00–9.99 106 87 82.1 78 73.6
10.00–16.99 170 137 80.6 115 67.6
 ≥17 189 147 77.8 126 66.7
Median household income (U.S. $)
<44,000 192 156 81.3 137 71.4
44,000–58,999 157 118 75.2 104 66.2
59,000–80,999 136 106 77.9 86 63.2
 ≥81,000 115 97 84.3 87 75.7
Without health insurance (%)
<4 67 56 83.6 53 79.1
4.00–7.99 132 112 84.8 99 75.0
8.00–13.99 172 137 79.7 110 64.0
 ≥14 230 173 75.2 153 66.5
Gini index (%)
<38 132 99 75.0 88 66.7
38.00–41.99 157 124 79.0 107 68.2
42.00–45.99 110 89 80.9 75 68.2
 ≥46 201 165 82.1 144 71.6
Subtotalb 623 498 79.9 434 69.7
Female
Below federal poverty level (%)
<6 16 12 75.0 12 75.0
6.00–10.99 31 30 96.8 30 96.8
11.00–17.99 43 34 79.1 28 65.1
 ≥18 70 57 81.4 48 68.6
Less than high school diploma (%)
<6 19 17 89.5 15 78.9
6.00–9.99 21 17 81.0 18 85.7
10.00–16.99 51 46 90.2 37 72.5
 ≥17 69 53 76.8 48 69.6
Median household income (U.S. $)
<44,000 74 58 78.4 46 62.2
44,000–58,999 42 38 90.5 36 85.7
59,000–80,999 27 24 88.9 24 88.9
 ≥81,000 17 13 76.5 12 70.6
Without health insurance (%)
<4 19 16 84.2 14 73.7
4.00–7.99 26 24 92.3 24 92.3
8.00–13.99 30 26 86.7 20 66.7
 ≥14 85 67 78.8 60 70.6
Gini index (%)
<38 30 26 86.7 24 80.0
38.00–41.99 38 32 84.2 29 76.3
42.00–45.99 32 28 87.5 26 81.3
 ≥46 60 47 78.3 39 65.0
Subtotalb 166 138 83.1 122 73.5
Total 789 636 80.6 556 70.5

Abbreviations: CD4, CD4+ T-lymphocyte count (cells/µL) or percentage; VL, viral load (copies/mL); CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [footnotes only]; SDH, social determinants of health [footnotes only].

Note. Data reflect the census tract of the person’s residential address at the time they received an HIV diagnosis. Linkage to HIV medical care was measured by documentation of ≥1 CD4 or VL tests ≤1 month after HIV diagnosis. A VL test result of <200 copies/mL indicates HIV viral suppression. VL test results are within 6 months of diagnosis of HIV infection during 2019. Data not provided for states and associated counties that do not have laws requiring reporting of all CD4 and viral loads, or that have incomplete reporting of laboratory data to CDC. Areas without laws: Idaho and New Jersey. Areas with incomplete reporting: Kansas, Kentucky, Pennsylvania, Vermont, and Puerto Rico. Definitions for the SDH indicator variables used in this report can be found at http://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/tech_docs/subject_definitions/2019_ACSSubjectDefinitions.pdf.

a Hispanic/Latino persons can be of any race.
b Because column subtotals were calculated independently of the values for the subpopulations, the values in each column may not sum to the column subtotals. See Technical Notes for criteria used to define SDH subpopulations.

Table 11. Linkage to HIV medical care after HIV diagnosis and viral suppression within 6 months of HIV diagnosis during 2019 among adults, by transmission category, sex at birth, and selected social determinants of health—census tract level, 44 states and the District of Columbia
Male-to-male sexual contact Injection drug use
Total diagnoses Linkage to Care Viral Suppression Total diagnoses Linkage to Care Viral Suppression
≥1 CD4 or VL tests VL <200 copies/mL ≤6 months ≥1 CD4 or VL tests VL <200 copies/mL ≤6 months
 No.  No. % No. %  No.  No. % No. %
Male
Below federal poverty level (%)
<6 2,486 2,082 83.7 1,838 73.9 103 78 75.8 61 59.3
6.00–10.99 4,184 3,519 84.1 3,060 73.1 167 133 79.4 99 59.2
11.00–17.99 4,727 3,876 82.0 3,375 71.4 178 125 70.3 107 60.2
 ≥18 6,271 5,103 81.4 4,316 68.8 321 244 76.0 177 55.2
Less than high school diploma (%)
<6 3,495 2,929 83.8 2,593 74.2 107 89 83.4 70 65.7
6.00–9.99 3,340 2,796 83.7 2,428 72.7 143 104 73.0 78 54.3
10.00–16.99 4,458 3,652 81.9 3,168 71.0 199 147 74.1 111 55.8
 ≥17 6,381 5,208 81.6 4,403 69.0 323 241 74.5 187 57.8
Median household income (U.S. $)
<44,000 6,368 5,155 81.0 4,336 68.1 315 234 74.4 178 56.3
44,000–58,999 4,366 3,555 81.4 3,110 71.2 196 144 73.2 109 55.5
59,000–80,999 3,988 3,358 84.2 2,931 73.5 140 107 76.3 84 60.4
 ≥81,000 2,929 2,502 85.4 2,199 75.1 115 92 80.4 70 61.2
Without health insurance (%)
<4 1,726 1,515 87.8 1,337 77.5 96 76 79.5 60 62.3
4.00–7.99 3,358 2,846 84.8 2,475 73.7 169 128 75.6 108 63.5
8.00–13.99 4,655 3,848 82.7 3,323 71.4 205 154 75.1 124 60.5
 ≥14 7,931 6,373 80.4 5,456 68.8 299 222 74.2 153 51.2
Gini index (%)
<38 3,861 3,143 81.4 2,739 70.9 138 101 73.1 81 58.8
38.00–41.99 4,223 3,523 83.4 3,039 72.0 200 154 77.3 119 59.6
42.00–45.99 4,017 3,324 82.8 2,898 72.2 175 126 72.2 99 56.5
 ≥46 5,561 4,585 82.4 3,907 70.2 254 196 77.2 143 56.3
Subtotalb 18,300 15,086 82.4 13,020 71.2 806 605 75.0 462 57.3
Female
Below federal poverty level (%)
<6 – – – – – 72 52 72.9 41 56.9
6.00–10.99 – – – – – 141 107 76.2 90 63.7
11.00–17.99 – – – – – 162 127 78.2 94 57.7
 ≥18 – – – – – 319 239 75.0 173 54.2
Less than high school diploma (%)
<6 – – – – – 89 70 77.7 52 58.2
6.00–9.99 – – – – – 110 86 78.0 73 66.1
10.00–16.99 – – – – – 199 153 76.9 111 55.8
 ≥17 – – – – – 295 217 73.6 161 54.6
Median household income (U.S. $)
<44,000 – – – – – 324 238 73.5 171 52.8
44,000–58,999 – – – – – 147 118 80.3 91 61.4
59,000–80,999 – – – – – 133 100 75.2 83 62.6
 ≥81,000 – – – – – 89 69 77.4 52 58.1
Without health insurance (%)
<4 – – – – – 59 46 78.1 36 60.1
4.00–7.99 – – – – – 147 115 78.5 89 60.6
8.00–13.99 – – – – – 198 148 74.7 112 56.6
 ≥14 – – – – – 289 216 74.7 160 55.3
Gini index (%)
<38 – – – – – 123 93 75.6 75 60.5
38.00–41.99 – – – – – 166 128 77.2 101 60.6
42.00–45.99 – – – – – 163 119 73.0 87 53.5
 ≥46 – – – – – 241 185 76.7 135 55.8
Subtotalb – – – – – 711 539 75.9 407 57.2
Total 18,300 15,086 82.4 13,020 71.2 1,517 1,144 75.4 869 57.3

 

Table 11. Linkage to HIV medical care after HIV diagnosis and viral suppression within 6 months of HIV diagnosis during 2019 among adults, by transmission category, sex at birth, and selected social determinants of health—census tract level, 44 states and the District of Columbia
Male-to-male sexual contact and injection drug use Heterosexual contacta
Total diagnoses Linkage to Care Viral Suppression Total diagnoses Linkage to Care Viral Suppression
≥1 CD4 or VL tests VL <200 copies/mL ≤6 months ≥1 CD4 or VL tests VL <200 copies/mL ≤6 months
 No.  No. % No. %  No.  No. % No. %
Male
Below federal poverty level (%)
<6 136 107 79.0 95 69.8 231 194 84.0 156 67.4
6.00–10.99 235 195 82.7 152 64.5 428 356 83.2 298 69.6
11.00–17.99 276 213 77.4 188 68.1 538 430 79.8 349 64.8
 ≥18 335 267 79.7 216 64.6 781 605 77.5 489 62.6
Less than high school diploma (%)
<6 189 159 84.3 130 68.9 276 235 85.0 189 68.4
6.00–9.99 199 159 80.1 142 71.3 335 265 79.1 214 63.8
10.00–16.99 263 206 78.1 162 61.6 507 410 80.8 342 67.3
 ≥17 331 258 78.0 216 65.4 861 676 78.5 548 63.6
Median household income (U.S. $)
<44,000 328 251 76.7 211 64.4 846 659 77.9 528 62.4
44,000–58,999 268 209 77.9 177 66.1 492 385 78.2 328 66.6
59,000–80,999 246 206 83.6 163 66.1 358 307 85.8 251 70.1
 ≥81,000 139 115 82.9 99 71.0 282 234 83.1 186 65.8
Without health insurance (%)
<4 104 87 83.5 76 72.7 161 133 82.8 114 70.9
4.00–7.99 207 175 84.5 148 71.4 304 261 86.0 205 67.3
8.00–13.99 269 206 76.6 165 61.1 511 406 79.4 338 66.1
 ≥14 402 314 78.3 263 65.4 1,004 785 78.2 636 63.3
Gini index (%)
<38 208 160 77.2 134 64.2 418 336 80.3 277 66.4
38.00–41.99 238 189 79.4 156 65.7 493 404 81.9 324 65.8
42.00–45.99 237 195 82.4 168 70.8 427 344 80.6 297 69.5
 ≥46 298 237 79.4 192 64.3 641 501 78.2 393 61.4
Subtotalb 1,017 809 79.5 676 66.4 2,052 1,640 79.9 1,341 65.3
Female
Below federal poverty level (%)
<6 – – – – – 477 397 83.3 365 76.5
6.00–10.99 – – – – – 879 736 83.7 675 76.8
11.00–17.99 – – – – – 1,119 921 82.4 790 70.6
 ≥18 – – – – – 1,843 1,486 80.6 1,287 69.8
Less than high school diploma (%)
<6 – – – – – 524 458 87.4 411 78.4
6.00–9.99 – – – – – 688 562 81.6 510 74.1
10.00–16.99 – – – – – 1,178 972 82.5 858 72.8
 ≥17 – – – – – 1,927 1,549 80.4 1,337 69.4
Median household income (U.S. $)
<44,000 – – – – – 1,938 1,561 80.6 1,344 69.3
44,000–58,999 – – – – – 1,046 863 82.5 749 71.7
59,000–80,999 – – – – – 806 671 83.3 620 76.9
 ≥81,000 – – – – – 526 444 84.3 402 76.4
Without health insurance (%)
<4 – – – – – 315 281 89.2 253 80.6
4.00–7.99 – – – – – 702 591 84.2 548 78.1
8.00–13.99 – – – – – 1,086 891 82.0 782 72.0
 ≥14 – – – – – 2,215 1,778 80.3 1,533 69.2
Gini index (%)
<38 – – – – – 883 715 81.0 653 74.0
38.00–41.99 – – – – – 1,091 917 84.1 793 72.7
42.00–45.99 – – – – – 919 748 81.3 653 71.0
 ≥46 – – – – – 1,424 1,159 81.4 1,018 71.5
Subtotalb – – – – – 4,448 3,632 81.7 3,187 71.6
Total 1,017 809 79.5 676 66.4 6,500 5,272 81.1 4,527 69.7

Abbreviations: CD4, CD4+ T-lymphocyte count (cells/µL) or percentage; VL, viral load (copies/mL); CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [footnotes only]; SDH, social determinants of health [footnotes only].

Note. Data reflect the census tract of the person’s residential address at the time they received an HIV diagnosis. Linkage to HIV medical care was measured by documentation of ≥1 CD4 or VL tests ≤1 month after HIV diagnosis. A VL test result of <200 copies/mL indicates HIV viral suppression. VL test results are within 6 months of diagnosis of HIV infection during 2019. Data not provided for states and associated counties that do not have laws requiring reporting of all CD4 and viral loads, or that have incomplete reporting of laboratory data to CDC. Areas without laws: Idaho and New Jersey. Areas with incomplete reporting: Kansas, Kentucky, Pennsylvania, Vermont, and Puerto Rico. Definitions for the SDH indicator variables used in this report can be found at https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/tech_docs/subject_definitions/2019_ACSSubjectDefinitions.pdfpdf iconexternal icon.

a Heterosexual contact with a person known to have, or with a risk factor for, HIV infection.
b Because column subtotals were calculated independently of the values for the subpopulations, the values in each column may not sum to the column subtotals. See Technical Notes for criteria used to define SDH subpopulations.

Table 12. Linkage to HIV medical care after HIV diagnosis and viral suppression within 6 months of HIV diagnosis during 2019 among male adults with infection attributed to male-to-male sexual contact, by race/ethnicity and selected social determinants of health—census tract level, 44 states and the District of Columbia
American Indian/Alaska Native Asian
Total diagnoses Linkage to Care Viral Suppression Total diagnoses Linkage to Care Viral Suppression
≥1 CD4 or VL tests VL <200 copies/mL ≤6 months ≥1 CD4 or VL tests VL <200 copies/mL ≤6 months
No. No. % No. % No. No. % No. %
Below federal poverty level (%)
<6 9 7 71.3 8 81.9 88 78 88.4 65 73.8
6.00–10.99 14 13 92.9 10 73.6 112 98 87.7 97 86.8
11.00–17.99 15 10 65.3 10 65.3 95 81 84.9 75 78.8
 ≥18 31 29 92.6 24 77.0 85 77 89.7 68 79.3
Less than high school diploma (%)
<6 18 14 77.9 14 77.9 120 107 89.3 96 79.5
6.00–9.99 19 17 87.8 13 68.1 88 76 87.1 74 84.7
10.00–16.99 14 11 83.8 11 83.8 77 68 88.3 58 75.4
 ≥17 19 16 85.6 13 70.7 96 82 85.3 77 80.4
Median household income (U.S. $)
<44,000 28 25 87.3 20 70.4 66 59 89.8 51 77.8
44,000–58,999 16 13 82.1 13 82.1 85 72 84.7 68 80.3
59,000–80,999 15 14 93.2 12 81.6 101 87 86.2 82 80.9
 ≥81,000 10 6 63.0 6 63.0 129 115 89.4 104 80.5
Without health insurance (%)
<4 7 4 62.0 5 76.1 87 79 90.5 74 84.8
4.00–7.99 17 15 84.9 12 69.2 102 92 90.3 82 80.6
8.00–13.99 14 13 93.1 11 79.2 93 82 87.5 74 79.1
 ≥14 31 26 84.0 23 74.8 98 80 82.3 75 76.4
Gini index (%)
<38 11 10 87.3 9 80.9 68 55 80.3 50 73.2
38.00–41.99 15 13 89.0 12 82.1 98 83 84.9 79 80.2
42.00–45.99 15 10 68.9 7 48.6 88 76 86.3 71 81.1
 ≥46 29 25 87.6 24 81.4 126 119 94.5 105 83.0
Totalb 74 62 83.5 55 73.4 391 343 87.7 313 80.1

 

Table 12. Linkage to HIV medical care after HIV diagnosis and viral suppression within 6 months of HIV diagnosis during 2019 among male adults with infection attributed to male-to-male sexual contact, by race/ethnicity and selected social determinants of health—census tract level, 44 states and the District of Columbia
Black/African American Hispanic/Latinoa
Total diagnoses Linkage to Care Viral Suppression Total diagnoses Linkage to Care Viral Suppression
≥1 CD4 or VL tests VL <200 copies/mL ≤6 months ≥1 CD4 or VL tests VL <200 copies/mL ≤6 months
No. No. % No. % No. No. % No. %
Below federal poverty level (%)
<6 745 587 78.7 490 65.7 629 536 85.3 490 77.9
6.00–10.99 1,394 1,123 80.5 966 69.2 1,217 1,039 85.3 921 75.7
11.00–17.99 1,829 1,440 78.7 1,210 66.2 1,573 1,340 85.2 1,205 76.6
 ≥18 3,194 2,489 77.9 2,064 64.6 1,811 1,545 85.3 1,308 72.2
Less than high school diploma (%)
<6 1,102 872 79.2 747 67.8 767 642 83.8 583 76.0
6.00–9.99 1,330 1,068 80.3 892 67.1 775 661 85.4 605 78.2
10.00–16.99 2,081 1,642 78.9 1,374 66.0 1,119 961 85.9 873 78.0
 ≥17 2,654 2,059 77.6 1,719 64.8 2,570 2,196 85.4 1,863 72.5
Median household income (U.S. $)
<44,000 3,358 2,601 77.5 2,164 64.5 1,792 1,531 85.4 1,285 71.7
44,000–58,999 1,692 1,324 78.2 1,123 66.4 1,371 1,156 84.3 1,035 75.5
59,000–80,999 1,302 1,051 80.7 893 68.5 1,241 1,055 85.0 964 77.7
 ≥81,000 797 655 82.2 540 67.8 822 716 87.1 637 77.5
Without health insurance (%)
<4 503 416 82.6 353 70.1 357 325 90.9 293 81.9
4.00–7.99 1,242 1,021 82.2 843 67.9 718 610 85.0 544 75.8
8.00–13.99 1,992 1,581 79.3 1,319 66.2 1,209 1,037 85.7 942 77.9
 ≥14 3,426 2,622 76.5 2,216 64.7 2,946 2,489 84.5 2,146 72.8
Gini index (%)
<38 1,517 1,193 78.6 988 65.1 1,171 971 82.9 885 75.6
38.00–41.99 1,556 1,236 79.4 1,050 67.5 1,323 1,135 85.8 999 75.5
42.00–45.99 1,614 1,289 79.8 1,095 67.8 1,204 1,016 84.4 899 74.6
 ≥46 2,471 1,917 77.6 1,593 64.5 1,529 1,337 87.4 1,139 74.5
Totalb 7,437 5,844 78.6 4,904 65.9 5,365 4,571 85.2 4,020 74.9

 

Table 12. Linkage to HIV medical care after HIV diagnosis and viral suppression within 6 months of HIV diagnosis during 2019 among male adults with infection attributed to male-to-male sexual contact, by race/ethnicity and selected social determinants of health—census tract level, 44 states and the District of Columbia
Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander White
Total diagnoses Linkage to Care Viral Suppression Total diagnoses Linkage to Care Viral Suppression
≥1 CD4 or VL tests VL <200 copies/mL ≤6 months ≥1 CD4 or VL tests VL <200 copies/mL ≤6 months
No. No. % No. % No. No. % No. %
Below federal poverty level (%)
<6 11 8 72.7 6 54.5 940 816 86.8 733 78.0
6.00–10.99 6 6 100.0 6 100.0 1,305 1,137 87.1 970 74.3
11.00–17.99 12 11 92.4 10 83.9 1,062 873 82.2 764 71.9
 ≥18 10 7 70.0 5 50.0 983 831 84.6 731 74.4
Less than high school diploma (%)
<6 7 6 85.7 6 85.7 1,365 1,195 87.6 1,063 77.9
6.00–9.99 10 8 80.6 6 60.2 1,031 893 86.6 773 75.0
10.00–16.99 17 15 88.2 12 70.6 1,012 846 83.6 744 73.5
 ≥17 5 3 60.0 3 60.0 883 725 82.1 619 70.1
Median household income (U.S. $)
<44,000 9 6 66.3 4 43.8 959 805 83.9 698 72.8
44,000–58,999 11 10 91.7 9 82.6 1,059 878 82.9 772 72.9
59,000–80,999 10 9 90.0 7 70.0 1,210 1,057 87.3 900 74.4
 ≥81,000 9 7 77.8 7 77.8 1,061 918 86.5 828 78.0
Without health insurance (%)
<4 8 7 87.5 7 87.5 709 638 89.9 560 78.9
4.00–7.99 10 9 90.0 9 90.0 1,162 1,008 86.8 902 77.7
8.00–13.99 8 5 63.3 2 25.3 1,192 1,012 84.9 882 74.0
 ≥14 13 11 84.5 9 69.0 1,228 1,000 81.4 854 69.6
Gini index (%)
<38 6 5 83.3 4 66.7 971 822 84.6 721 74.3
38.00–41.99 14 11 79.1 10 71.9 1,094 945 86.4 800 73.1
42.00–45.99 9 6 66.3 5 55.1 1,003 858 85.5 762 76.1
 ≥46 10 10 100.0 8 80.0 1,223 1,033 84.5 914 74.8
Totalb 40 33 82.7 28 70.1 4,476 3,814 85.2 3,330 74.4

 

Table 12. Linkage to HIV medical care after HIV diagnosis and viral suppression within 6 months of HIV diagnosis during 2019 among male adults with infection attributed to male-to-male sexual contact, by race/ethnicity and selected social determinants of health—census tract level, 44 states and the District of Columbia
Multiracial Total
Total diagnoses Linkage to Care Viral Suppression Total diagnoses Linkage to Care Viral Suppression
≥1 CD4 or VL tests VL <200 copies/mL ≤6 months ≥1 CD4 or VL tests VL <200 copies/mL ≤6 months
No. No. % No. % No. No. % No. %
Below federal poverty level (%)
<6 64 51 79.6 47 73.5 2,486 2,082 83.7 1,838 73.9
6.00–10.99 136 104 76.5 90 66.6 4,184 3,519 84.1 3,060 73.1
11.00–17.99 142 122 85.7 101 71.3 4,727 3,876 82.0 3,375 71.4
 ≥18 157 126 80.4 116 73.9 6,271 5,103 81.4 4,316 68.8
Less than high school diploma (%)
<6 117 92 79.0 85 72.9 3,495 2,929 83.8 2,593 74.2
6.00–9.99 89 74 83.2 66 73.9 3,340 2,796 83.7 2,428 72.7
10.00–16.99 139 109 78.5 96 69.2 4,458 3,652 81.9 3,168 71.0
 ≥17 154 127 82.7 108 69.9 6,381 5,208 81.6 4,403 69.0
Median household income (U.S. $)
<44,000 156 129 82.8 114 73.6 6,368 5,155 81.0 4,336 68.1
44,000–58,999 131 103 78.3 89 67.8 4,366 3,555 81.4 3,110 71.2
59,000–80,999 109 86 78.3 73 67.1 3,988 3,358 84.2 2,931 73.5
 ≥81,000 101 84 83.3 77 75.8 2,929 2,502 85.4 2,199 75.1
Without health insurance (%)
<4 54 47 85.7 46 84.0 1,726 1,515 87.8 1,337 77.5
4.00–7.99 108 92 85.2 83 77.2 3,358 2,846 84.8 2,475 73.7
8.00–13.99 146 118 81.3 93 63.5 4,655 3,848 82.7 3,323 71.4
 ≥14 191 146 76.4 133 69.8 7,931 6,373 80.4 5,456 68.8
Gini index (%)
<38 116 88 76.2 81 70.0 3,861 3,143 81.4 2,739 70.9
38.00–41.99 124 100 81.2 89 72.2 4,223 3,523 83.4 3,039 72.0
42.00–45.99 85 70 82.5 59 69.6 4,017 3,324 82.8 2,898 72.2
 ≥46 173 143 82.6 124 71.7 5,561 4,585 82.4 3,907 70.2
Totalb 517 419 81.1 370 71.6 18,300 15,086 82.4 13,020 71.2

Abbreviations: CD4, CD4+ T-lymphocyte count (cells/µL) or percentage; VL, viral load (copies/mL); CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [footnotes only]; SDH, social determinants of health [footnotes only].

Note. Data reflect the census tract of the person’s residential address at the time they received an HIV diagnosis. Linkage to HIV medical care was measured by documentation of ≥1 CD4 or VL tests ≤1 month after HIV diagnosis. A VL test result of <200 copies/mL indicates HIV viral suppression. VL test results are within 6 months of diagnosis of HIV infection during 2019. Data not provided for states and associated counties that do not have laws requiring reporting of all CD4 and viral loads, or that have incomplete reporting of laboratory data to CDC. Areas without laws: Idaho and New Jersey. Areas with incomplete reporting: Kansas, Kentucky, Pennsylvania, Vermont, and Puerto Rico. Definitions for the SDH indicator variables used in this report can be found at https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/tech_docs/subject_definitions/2019_ACSSubjectDefinitions.pdfpdf iconexternal icon.

a Hispanic/Latino persons can be of any race.

b Because column subtotals were calculated independently of the values for the subpopulations, the values in each column may not sum to the column subtotals. See Technical Notes for criteria used to define SDH subpopulations.

Table S1. Adults Living Below Federal Poverty Level, By Sex at Birth and Area of Residence, 2015–2019 5-Year ACS Estimates—Census Tract Level, United States and Puerto Rico
Without health insurance (%)
Male
<6 6.00–10.99 11.00–17.99 ≥18
Area of residence No. %a No. %a No. %a No. %a
Alabama 275,223 15.3 443,357 24.6 563,379 31.3 517,709 28.8
Alaska 89,165 30.8 121,286 41.8 58,690 20.2 20,815 7.2
Arizona 610,249 22.9 753,308 28.3 577,518 21.7 722,697 27.1
Arkansas 104,530 9.4 274,136 24.7 389,725 35.1 343,250 30.9
California 3,676,600 24.8 4,614,727 31.1 3,685,465 24.8 2,857,458 19.3
Colorado 803,946 37.2 653,159 30.2 448,577 20.7 258,059 11.9
Connecticut 653,808 48.1 347,728 25.6 168,985 12.4 188,137 13.8
Delaware 108,565 30.2 124,855 34.7 83,854 23.3 42,540 11.8
District of Columbia 50,220 18.9 61,532 23.1 81,302 30.6 72,968 27.4
Florida 1,598,963 19.8 2,559,118 31.7 2,295,880 28.4 1,617,540 20.0
Georgia 802,346 21.2 1,040,906 27.5 1,035,492 27.4 903,689 23.9
Hawaii 232,895 41.9 186,817 33.6 93,558 16.8 42,582 7.7
Idaho 91,049 14.3 263,311 41.4 184,503 29.0 96,470 15.2
Illinois 1,494,387 31.2 1,509,158 31.5 1,004,930 21.0 787,391 16.4
Indiana 649,651 26.2 834,269 33.7 534,091 21.6 459,121 18.5
Iowa 308,731 26.0 467,156 39.4 259,897 21.9 150,556 12.7
Kansas 343,661 31.6 328,684 30.2 236,539 21.8 177,876 16.4
Kentucky 274,715 16.5 378,087 22.7 432,930 26.0 582,004 34.9
Louisiana 149,011 8.7 379,596 22.1 573,010 33.4 612,775 35.7
Maine 125,390 23.9 176,110 33.6 157,601 30.1 65,013 12.4
Maryland 1,031,816 46.5 684,529 30.9 311,942 14.1 189,813 8.6
Massachusetts 1,129,905 43.1 719,717 27.4 412,137 15.7 360,893 13.8
Michigan 1,041,003 27.6 1,089,592 28.9 854,697 22.7 782,952 20.8
Minnesota 900,882 42.8 684,107 32.5 311,488 14.8 209,177 9.9
Mississippi 100,540 9.3 185,929 17.2 366,108 33.8 430,711 39.8
Missouri 558,413 24.4 660,697 28.9 629,659 27.5 439,613 19.2
Montana 73,751 18.0 128,266 31.2 136,507 33.3 71,931 17.5
Nebraska 211,925 29.8 256,956 36.2 148,489 20.9 92,869 13.1
Nevada 311,759 27.3 344,076 30.1 266,912 23.3 220,699 19.3
New Hampshire 265,321 49.6 175,493 32.8 65,345 12.2 28,518 5.3
New Jersey 1,607,201 48.4 847,373 25.5 484,697 14.6 382,582 11.5
New Mexico 93,324 11.9 160,576 20.4 219,265 27.9 312,595 39.8
New York 2,146,868 29.1 1,977,675 26.8 1,657,402 22.5 1,592,898 21.6
North Carolina 786,659 20.6 1,077,562 28.2 1,120,164 29.4 830,888 21.8
North Dakota 78,584 26.4 119,936 40.3 60,717 20.4 38,186 12.8
Ohio 1,356,853 31.0 1,179,531 27.0 927,757 21.2 906,220 20.7
Oklahoma 258,382 17.7 367,740 25.2 461,833 31.6 371,786 25.5
Oregon 251,666 15.7 541,414 33.8 533,433 33.3 275,799 17.2
Pennsylvania 1,657,343 33.9 1,596,082 32.6 831,677 17.0 807,781 16.5
Puerto Rico 1,598 0.1 14,622 1.2 53,483 4.3 1,175,700 94.4
Rhode Island 143,647 35.2 106,198 26.0 65,751 16.1 92,086 22.6
South Carolina 384,613 20.6 515,939 27.7 508,030 27.3 455,075 24.4
South Dakota 92,034 28.0 94,736 28.8 88,094 26.8 54,361 16.5
Tennessee 456,034 18.2 708,985 28.4 737,413 29.5 596,737 23.9
Texas 2,605,212 25.4 2,805,890 27.4 2,541,603 24.8 2,302,889 22.5
Utah 443,472 41.0 334,081 30.9 183,740 17.0 120,879 11.2
Vermont 56,402 22.7 108,501 43.8 58,827 23.7 24,268 9.8
Virginia 1,285,036 40.2 898,485 28.1 605,483 19.0 404,902 12.7
Washington 872,294 30.5 1,030,050 36.0 658,218 23.0 301,715 10.5
West Virginia 43,950 6.2 169,987 24.0 273,110 38.5 222,595 31.4
Wisconsin 759,596 34.2 804,042 36.2 384,707 17.3 274,825 12.4
Wyoming 47,173 20.9 97,154 43.0 52,683 23.3 28,889 12.8
Total 33,496,361 27.2 36,003,221 29.2 28,877,297 23.4 24,919,482 20.2

 

Table S1. Adults Living Below Federal Poverty Level, By Sex at Birth and Area of Residence, 2015–2019 5-Year ACS Estimates—Census Tract Level, United States and Puerto Rico
Without health insurance (%)
Female
<6 6.00–10.99 11.00–17.99 ≥18
Area of residence No. %b No. %b No. %b No. %b
Alabama 298,870 15.1 478,143 24.2 618,467 31.2 583,791 29.5
Alaska 81,327 31.0 111,837 42.6 51,980 19.8 17,574 6.7
Arizona 650,357 23.7 802,700 29.3 592,650 21.6 695,448 25.4
Arkansas 109,081 9.2 292,267 24.7 407,436 34.4 374,677 31.7
California 3,845,197 25.1 4,789,456 31.2 3,779,721 24.6 2,920,784 19.0
Colorado 819,784 37.8 659,994 30.4 440,478 20.3 248,090 11.4
Connecticut 694,290 47.3 379,560 25.9 185,652 12.7 207,831 14.2
Delaware 116,288 29.5 133,868 34.0 95,210 24.2 48,384 12.3
District of Columbia 54,867 18.1 65,922 21.8 94,047 31.1 87,895 29.0
Florida 1,719,433 19.9 2,759,710 32.0 2,449,559 28.4 1,702,750 19.7
Georgia 852,547 20.7 1,125,522 27.4 1,143,637 27.8 991,444 24.1
Hawaii 229,123 40.9 188,701 33.7 99,457 17.7 43,292 7.7
Idaho 94,971 14.8 264,469 41.2 185,017 28.9 96,813 15.1
Illinois 1,583,088 31.1 1,588,641 31.3 1,053,123 20.7 857,910 16.9
Indiana 676,964 25.9 863,155 33.1 577,853 22.1 491,915 18.8
Iowa 317,761 26.0 485,827 39.7 269,015 22.0 151,828 12.4
Kansas 356,650 32.0 331,376 29.8 246,312 22.1 178,484 16.0
Kentucky 286,961 16.2 396,063 22.4 456,428 25.8 627,195 35.5
Louisiana 161,886 8.8 403,688 21.9 600,219 32.5 678,585 36.8
Maine 136,042 24.3 186,521 33.4 168,157 30.1 68,160 12.2
Maryland 1,122,767 46.0 743,069 30.4 359,492 14.7 217,652 8.9
Massachusetts 1,216,627 42.6 789,697 27.7 449,062 15.7 398,598 14.0
Michigan 1,084,073 27.2 1,141,896 28.6 910,624 22.8 852,622 21.4
Minnesota 923,120 42.8 699,065 32.4 328,170 15.2 208,383 9.7
Mississippi 108,989 9.2 200,144 16.9 393,622 33.1 484,796 40.8
Missouri 585,253 24.0 706,047 29.0 660,939 27.1 482,677 19.8
Montana 75,594 18.4 130,424 31.7 135,160 32.9 70,028 17.0
Nebraska 219,023 30.1 262,764 36.1 153,550 21.1 93,495 12.8
Nevada 319,201 27.8 350,451 30.5 268,732 23.4 209,506 18.3
New Hampshire 272,833 49.3 183,923 33.2 68,163 12.3 28,564 5.2
New Jersey 1,736,375 48.5 910,362 25.4 521,753 14.6 414,493 11.6
New Mexico 96,414 11.8 170,134 20.8 227,952 27.9 322,817 39.5
New York 2,314,753 28.7 2,138,159 26.5 1,775,739 22.0 1,824,976 22.7
North Carolina 846,439 20.4 1,163,657 28.1 1,206,842 29.1 926,216 22.4
North Dakota 74,842 26.4 116,502 41.1 58,547 20.6 33,659 11.9
Ohio 1,425,013 30.5 1,264,246 27.1 1,001,516 21.4 980,529 21.0
Oklahoma 270,799 17.9 381,511 25.2 477,671 31.5 386,184 25.5
Oregon 260,915 15.7 566,131 34.1 556,954 33.6 275,548 16.6
Pennsylvania 1,743,176 33.4 1,669,922 32.0 894,340 17.1 917,844 17.6
Puerto Rico 2,036 0.1 16,579 1.2 60,200 4.2 1,343,837 94.5
Rhode Island 154,871 35.0 114,724 25.9 73,229 16.6 99,381 22.5
South Carolina 417,685 20.5 549,691 26.9 560,514 27.5 512,819 25.1
South Dakota 92,750 28.3 91,852 28.1 90,401 27.6 52,302 16.0
Tennessee 492,516 18.2 755,141 28.0 784,626 29.1 666,500 24.7
Texas 2,721,719 25.6 2,909,745 27.4 2,614,472 24.6 2,369,699 22.3
Utah 444,182 40.8 343,126 31.5 185,112 17.0 116,360 10.7
Vermont 59,659 23.0 113,148 43.6 62,307 24.0 24,547 9.5
Virginia 1,355,611 40.1 955,513 28.3 635,796 18.8 431,650 12.8
Washington 891,153 30.7 1,054,199 36.4 656,156 22.6 296,776 10.2
West Virginia 45,906 6.2 172,496 23.4 284,601 38.6 235,222 31.9
Wisconsin 773,902 33.9 824,098 36.1 390,881 17.1 296,589 13.0
Wyoming 45,611 20.9 95,519 43.7 51,281 23.4 26,343 12.0
Total 35,279,294 27.1 37,891,355 29.1 30,412,822 23.3 26,673,462 20.5

 

Table S1. Adults Living Below Federal Poverty Level, By Sex at Birth and Area of Residence, 2015–2019 5-Year ACS Estimates—Census Tract Level, United States and Puerto Rico
Without health insurance (%)
Total
<6 6.00–10.99 11.00–17.99 ≥18
Area of residence No. %c %d No. %c %d No. %c %d No. %c %d
Alabama 574,093 15.2 0.8 921,500 24.4 1.2 1,181,846 31.3 2.0 1,101,500 29.1 2.1
Alaska 170,492 30.8 0.2 233,123 42.2 0.3 110,670 20.0 0.2 38,389 6.9 0.1
Arizona 1,260,606 23.3 1.8 1,556,008 28.8 2.1 1,170,168 21.7 2.0 1,418,145 26.2 2.7
Arkansas 213,611 9.3 0.3 566,403 24.7 0.8 797,161 34.7 1.3 717,927 31.3 1.4
California 7,521,797 24.9 10.9 9,404,183 31.2 12.7 7,465,186 24.7 12.6 5,778,242 19.2 11.2
Colorado 1,623,730 37.5 2.4 1,313,153 30.3 1.8 889,055 20.5 1.5 506,149 11.7 1.0
Connecticut 1,348,098 47.7 2.0 727,288 25.7 1.0 354,637 12.5 0.6 395,968 14.0 0.8
Delaware 224,853 29.8 0.3 258,723 34.3 0.4 179,064 23.8 0.3 90,924 12.1 0.2
District of Columbia 105,087 18.5 0.2 127,454 22.4 0.2 175,349 30.8 0.3 160,863 28.3 0.3
Florida 3,318,396 19.9 4.8 5,318,828 31.8 7.2 4,745,439 28.4 8.0 3,320,290 19.9 6.4
Georgia 1,654,893 21.0 2.4 2,166,428 27.4 2.9 2,179,129 27.6 3.7 1,895,133 24.0 3.7
Hawaii 462,018 41.4 0.7 375,518 33.6 0.5 193,015 17.3 0.3 85,874 7.7 0.2
Idaho 186,020 14.6 0.3 527,780 41.3 0.7 369,520 28.9 0.6 193,283 15.1 0.4
Illinois 3,077,475 31.2 4.5 3,097,799 31.4 4.2 2,058,053 20.8 3.5 1,645,301 16.7 3.2
Indiana 1,326,615 26.1 1.9 1,697,424 33.4 2.3 1,111,944 21.9 1.9 951,036 18.7 1.8
Iowa 626,492 26.0 0.9 952,983 39.5 1.3 528,912 21.9 0.9 302,384 12.5 0.6
Kansas 700,311 31.8 1.0 660,060 30.0 0.9 482,851 22.0 0.8 356,360 16.2 0.7
Kentucky 561,676 16.4 0.8 774,150 22.5 1.0 889,358 25.9 1.5 1,209,199 35.2 2.3
Louisiana 310,897 8.7 0.5 783,284 22.0 1.1 1,173,229 33.0 2.0 1,291,360 36.3 2.5
Maine 261,432 24.1 0.4 362,631 33.5 0.5 325,758 30.1 0.5 133,173 12.3 0.3
Maryland 2,154,583 46.2 3.1 1,427,598 30.6 1.9 671,434 14.4 1.1 407,465 8.7 0.8
Massachusetts 2,346,532 42.8 3.4 1,509,414 27.6 2.0 861,199 15.7 1.5 759,491 13.9 1.5
Michigan 2,125,076 27.4 3.1 2,231,488 28.8 3.0 1,765,321 22.8 3.0 1,635,574 21.1 3.2
Minnesota 1,824,002 42.8 2.7 1,383,172 32.4 1.9 639,658 15.0 1.1 417,560 9.8 0.8
Mississippi 209,529 9.2 0.3 386,073 17.0 0.5 759,730 33.5 1.3 915,507 40.3 1.8
Missouri 1,143,666 24.2 1.7 1,366,744 28.9 1.8 1,290,598 27.3 2.2 922,290 19.5 1.8
Montana 149,345 18.2 0.2 258,690 31.5 0.4 271,667 33.1 0.5 141,959 17.3 0.3
Nebraska 430,948 29.9 0.6 519,720 36.1 0.7 302,039 21.0 0.5 186,364 13.0 0.4
Nevada 630,960 27.5 0.9 694,527 30.3 0.9 535,644 23.4 0.9 430,205 18.8 0.8
New Hampshire 538,154 49.5 0.8 359,416 33.0 0.5 133,508 12.3 0.2 57,082 5.2 0.1
New Jersey 3,343,576 48.4 4.9 1,757,735 25.5 2.4 1,006,450 14.6 1.7 797,075 11.5 1.5
New Mexico 189,738 11.8 0.3 330,710 20.6 0.4 447,217 27.9 0.8 635,412 39.6 1.2
New York 4,461,621 28.9 6.5 4,115,834 26.7 5.6 3,433,141 22.3 5.8 3,417,874 22.2 6.6
North Carolina 1,633,098 20.5 2.4 2,241,219 28.2 3.0 2,327,006 29.2 3.9 1,757,104 22.1 3.4
North Dakota 153,426 26.4 0.2 236,438 40.7 0.3 119,264 20.5 0.2 71,845 12.4 0.1
Ohio 2,781,866 30.8 4.0 2,443,777 27.0 3.3 1,929,273 21.3 3.3 1,886,749 20.9 3.7
Oklahoma 529,181 17.8 0.8 749,251 25.2 1.0 939,504 31.6 1.6 757,970 25.5 1.5
Oregon 512,581 15.7 0.7 1,107,545 34.0 1.5 1,090,387 33.4 1.8 551,347 16.9 1.1
Pennsylvania 3,400,519 33.6 4.9 3,266,004 32.3 4.4 1,726,017 17.1 2.9 1,725,625 17.1 3.3
Puerto Rico 3,634 0.1 0.0 31,201 1.2 0.0 113,683 4.3 0.2 2,519,537 94.4 4.9
Rhode Island 298,518 35.1 0.4 220,922 26.0 0.3 138,980 16.4 0.2 191,467 22.5 0.4
South Carolina 802,298 20.5 1.2 1,065,630 27.3 1.4 1,068,544 27.4 1.8 967,894 24.8 1.9
South Dakota 184,784 28.1 0.3 186,588 28.4 0.3 178,495 27.2 0.3 106,663 16.2 0.2
Tennessee 948,550 18.2 1.4 1,464,126 28.2 2.0 1,522,039 29.3 2.6 1,263,237 24.3 2.4
Texas 5,326,931 25.5 7.7 5,715,635 27.4 7.7 5,156,075 24.7 8.7 4,672,588 22.4 9.1
Utah 887,654 40.9 1.3 677,207 31.2 0.9 368,852 17.0 0.6 237,239 10.9 0.5
Vermont 116,061 22.9 0.2 221,649 43.7 0.3 121,134 23.9 0.2 48,815 9.6 0.1
Virginia 2,640,647 40.2 3.8 1,853,998 28.2 2.5 1,241,279 18.9 2.1 836,552 12.7 1.6
Washington 1,763,447 30.6 2.6 2,084,249 36.2 2.8 1,314,374 22.8 2.2 598,491 10.4 1.2
West Virginia 89,856 6.2 0.1 342,483 23.7 0.5 557,711 38.5 0.9 457,817 31.6 0.9
Wisconsin 1,533,498 34.0 2.2 1,628,140 36.1 2.2 775,588 17.2 1.3 571,414 12.7 1.1
Wyoming 92,784 20.9 0.1 192,673 43.3 0.3 103,964 23.4 0.2 55,232 12.4 0.1
Total 68,775,655 27.1 100 73,894,576 29.1 100 59,290,119 23.4 100 51,592,944 20.3 100

Abbreviations: ACS, American Community Survey; SDH, social determinants of health [footnotes only].

Note. Proportion of residents in the census tract with less than a high school diploma at the time of the survey response (individuals aged 18 years and older).

a Percentage of male residents of area.
b Percentage of female residents of area.
c Percentage of residents of area.
d Percentage of SDH subpopulation total.

Table S2. Adults with Less Than High School Diploma, By Sex at Birth And Area of Residence, 2015–2019 5-Year ACS Estimates—Census Tract Level, United States and Puerto Rico
Less than high school diploma (%)
Male
<6 6.00–9.99 10.00–16.99 ≥17
Area of residence No. %a No. %a No. %a No. %a
Alabama 325,513 18.1 301,623 16.8 549,368 30.5 623,393 34.6
Alaska 110,788 38.2 105,241 36.3 58,750 20.3 15,177 5.2
Arizona 821,007 30.7 537,898 20.1 560,048 21.0 751,375 28.1
Arkansas 149,779 13.5 211,655 19.0 456,464 41.1 293,743 26.4
California 3,762,848 25.2 2,619,744 17.6 2,847,606 19.1 5,685,204 38.1
Colorado 1,054,947 48.4 421,637 19.4 409,592 18.8 291,995 13.4
Connecticut 556,247 40.8 362,839 26.6 266,474 19.5 178,271 13.1
Delaware 99,114 27.5 96,386 26.8 110,642 30.7 53,672 14.9
District of Columbia 120,310 45.2 40,071 15.1 69,753 26.2 35,888 13.5
Florida 2,064,769 25.5 1,954,725 24.2 2,104,923 26.0 1,959,772 24.2
Georgia 765,457 20.2 759,862 20.1 1,185,774 31.3 1,074,337 28.4
Hawaii 255,066 45.8 150,022 26.9 117,093 21.0 34,514 6.2
Idaho 187,150 29.5 208,435 32.8 151,233 23.8 88,515 13.9
Illinois 1,637,075 34.1 1,198,702 25.0 1,019,682 21.3 940,827 19.6
Indiana 524,110 21.1 683,776 27.6 849,263 34.2 423,449 17.1
Iowa 485,091 40.9 396,102 33.4 205,975 17.4 99,172 8.4
Kansas 446,913 41.1 287,527 26.5 213,255 19.6 139,065 12.8
Kentucky 294,848 17.6 319,323 19.1 536,862 32.1 521,713 31.2
Louisiana 236,416 13.8 317,020 18.5 502,608 29.3 660,531 38.5
Maine 189,790 36.2 200,668 38.3 122,934 23.5 10,722 2.0
Maryland 774,407 34.7 634,857 28.4 505,214 22.6 318,325 14.3
Massachusetts 1,166,099 44.4 626,935 23.9 438,997 16.7 391,809 14.9
Michigan 1,253,608 33.1 1,148,633 30.3 944,978 24.9 443,431 11.7
Minnesota 991,945 47.1 671,544 31.9 302,182 14.3 142,050 6.7
Mississippi 105,738 9.8 167,025 15.4 376,862 34.8 433,749 40.0
Missouri 635,950 27.8 603,641 26.4 707,585 30.9 341,206 14.9
Montana 184,668 44.9 140,234 34.1 78,924 19.2 7,227 1.8
Nebraska 303,576 42.7 209,385 29.4 116,626 16.4 82,025 11.5
Nevada 250,374 21.9 282,446 24.7 297,272 26.0 313,358 27.4
New Hampshire 255,434 47.8 172,979 32.4 86,269 16.1 19,995 3.7
New Jersey 1,290,133 38.7 849,542 25.5 647,803 19.4 546,390 16.4
New Mexico 149,207 19.0 142,700 18.1 216,206 27.5 278,548 35.4
New York 2,004,382 27.1 1,675,231 22.6 1,739,783 23.5 1,980,695 26.8
North Carolina 945,755 24.7 748,136 19.6 1,134,709 29.7 995,179 26.0
North Dakota 115,268 38.8 115,453 38.8 56,462 19.0 10,240 3.4
Ohio 1,367,093 31.2 1,268,152 29.0 1,139,750 26.0 604,083 13.8
Oklahoma 280,970 19.2 370,085 25.4 476,522 32.6 332,164 22.8
Oregon 492,583 30.7 449,485 28.1 465,174 29.0 195,070 12.2
Pennsylvania 1,588,166 32.4 1,465,669 29.9 1,223,398 25.0 625,227 12.8
Puerto Rico 30,791 2.5 76,945 6.2 292,693 23.5 847,012 67.9
Rhode Island 113,451 27.8 124,812 30.6 96,665 23.7 72,754 17.8
South Carolina 442,852 23.6 387,293 20.7 525,191 28.0 518,387 27.7
South Dakota 107,917 32.8 116,700 35.4 73,044 22.2 31,564 9.6
Tennessee 526,259 21.0 464,414 18.5 870,022 34.7 643,377 25.7
Texas 2,321,603 22.6 1,752,160 17.0 2,320,024 22.5 3,898,327 37.9
Utah 476,799 44.0 312,056 28.8 197,766 18.2 97,711 9.0
Vermont 85,941 34.7 102,787 41.4 53,758 21.7 5,512 2.2
Virginia 1,046,719 32.6 774,585 24.2 878,060 27.4 506,611 15.8
Washington 1,092,352 38.2 803,128 28.1 648,767 22.7 318,030 11.1
West Virginia 102,794 14.5 149,996 21.1 291,509 41.1 165,343 23.3
Wisconsin 915,727 41.2 717,186 32.2 435,838 19.6 155,592 7.0
Wyoming 91,948 40.7 87,570 38.8 42,102 18.6 4,279 1.9
Total 35,597,747 28.8 28,785,020 23.3 30,018,454 24.3 29,206,605 23.6

 

Table S2. Adults with Less Than High School Diploma, By Sex at Birth And Area of Residence, 2015–2019 5-Year ACS Estimates—Census Tract Level, United States and Puerto Rico
Less than high school diploma (%)
Female
<6 6.00–9.99 10.00–16.99 ≥17
Area of residence No. %b No. %b No. %b No. %b
Alabama 362,383 18.3 332,791 16.8 621,609 31.4 663,194 33.5
Alaska 100,707 38.3 96,562 36.8 52,739 20.1 12,710 4.8
Arizona 877,960 32.0 566,682 20.6 574,568 20.9 725,417 26.4
Arkansas 161,147 13.6 233,729 19.7 484,149 40.9 304,436 25.7
California 3,945,360 25.7 2,752,546 17.9 2,969,430 19.3 5,678,613 37.0
Colorado 1,068,772 49.2 422,125 19.4 411,056 18.9 269,220 12.4
Connecticut 594,650 40.5 395,816 27.0 284,947 19.4 191,997 13.1
Delaware 108,762 27.6 108,467 27.5 124,510 31.6 52,011 13.2
District of Columbia 134,792 44.5 43,899 14.5 84,560 27.9 39,480 13.0
Florida 2,240,454 25.9 2,151,855 24.9 2,282,748 26.4 1,959,928 22.7
Georgia 817,704 19.9 857,671 20.9 1,328,109 32.3 1,109,693 27.0
Hawaii 251,842 44.9 156,935 28.0 118,404 21.1 33,580 6.0
Idaho 194,709 30.4 213,275 33.3 144,829 22.6 88,457 13.8
Illinois 1,739,946 34.2 1,295,583 25.5 1,115,743 22.0 931,547 18.3
Indiana 553,456 21.2 727,034 27.8 891,570 34.1 440,554 16.9
Iowa 504,322 41.2 409,422 33.4 210,456 17.2 100,231 8.2
Kansas 463,484 41.6 294,886 26.5 219,065 19.7 135,387 12.2
Kentucky 317,808 18.0 340,705 19.3 563,200 31.9 545,287 30.9
Louisiana 259,442 14.1 346,967 18.8 547,894 29.7 690,134 37.4
Maine 206,876 37.0 213,676 38.2 128,092 22.9 10,236 1.8
Maryland 857,995 35.1 699,451 28.6 568,116 23.2 318,801 13.0
Massachusetts 1,284,777 45.0 677,076 23.7 467,592 16.4 426,008 14.9
Michigan 1,320,768 33.0 1,224,110 30.6 991,770 24.8 460,089 11.5
Minnesota 1,034,172 47.9 676,628 31.3 308,299 14.3 140,710 6.5
Mississippi 115,644 9.7 188,114 15.8 417,865 35.2 465,928 39.2
Missouri 684,260 28.1 646,866 26.6 761,294 31.3 342,496 14.1
Montana 185,917 45.2 140,036 34.1 78,459 19.1 6,798 1.7
Nebraska 318,711 43.7 215,265 29.5 115,738 15.9 79,138 10.9
Nevada 262,268 22.8 291,006 25.4 297,334 25.9 297,282 25.9
New Hampshire 263,391 47.6 181,350 32.8 88,298 16.0 20,444 3.7
New Jersey 1,397,234 39.0 924,571 25.8 701,604 19.6 559,705 15.6
New Mexico 159,037 19.5 155,649 19.0 224,028 27.4 278,603 34.1
New York 2,184,211 27.1 1,814,258 22.5 1,899,584 23.6 2,165,676 26.9
North Carolina 1,012,375 24.4 819,529 19.8 1,243,080 30.0 1,069,499 25.8
North Dakota 112,843 39.8 106,595 37.6 54,021 19.1 10,091 3.6
Ohio 1,460,513 31.3 1,369,962 29.3 1,232,571 26.4 608,263 13.0
Oklahoma 295,766 19.5 397,636 26.2 499,194 32.9 323,569 21.3
Oregon 515,629 31.1 474,397 28.6 478,570 28.8 190,952 11.5
Pennsylvania 1,717,776 32.9 1,563,445 29.9 1,310,328 25.1 635,130 12.2
Puerto Rico 37,583 2.6 93,750 6.6 351,817 24.7 939,510 66.0
Rhode Island 122,693 27.7 137,283 31.0 106,939 24.2 75,290 17.0
South Carolina 478,176 23.4 428,330 20.9 584,176 28.6 553,899 27.1
South Dakota 110,242 33.7 116,140 35.5 70,485 21.5 30,438 9.3
Tennessee 585,142 21.7 503,250 18.6 938,001 34.7 673,971 25.0
Texas 2,434,125 22.9 1,870,844 17.6 2,448,845 23.0 3,876,483 36.5
Utah 482,006 44.3 318,805 29.3 194,767 17.9 93,355 8.6
Vermont 91,272 35.2 106,273 40.9 56,404 21.7 5,712 2.2
Virginia 1,095,585 32.4 830,731 24.6 942,107 27.9 514,366 15.2
Washington 1,115,995 38.5 823,035 28.4 651,364 22.5 307,890 10.6
West Virginia 107,506 14.6 158,184 21.4 303,822 41.2 168,713 22.9
Wisconsin 953,207 41.7 737,155 32.3 432,341 18.9 162,767 7.1
Wyoming 91,236 41.7 83,188 38.0 40,021 18.3 4,309 2.0
Total 37,792,631 29.0 30,733,538 23.6 32,016,512 24.6 29,787,997 22.9

 

Table S2. Adults with Less Than High School Diploma, By Sex at Birth And Area of Residence, 2015–2019 5-Year ACS Estimates—Census Tract Level, United States and Puerto Rico
Less than high school diploma (%)
Total
<6 6.00–9.99 10.00–16.99 ≥17
Area of residence No. %c %d No. %c %d No. %c %d No. %c %d
Alabama 687,896 18.2 0.9 634,414 16.8 1.1 1,170,977 31.0 1.9 1,286,587 34.0 2.2
Alaska 211,495 38.3 0.3 201,803 36.5 0.3 111,489 20.2 0.2 27,887 5.0 0.0
Arizona 1,698,967 31.4 2.3 1,104,580 20.4 1.9 1,134,616 21.0 1.8 1,476,792 27.3 2.5
Arkansas 310,926 13.5 0.4 445,384 19.4 0.7 940,613 41.0 1.5 598,179 26.1 1.0
California 7,708,208 25.5 10.5 5,372,290 17.8 9.0 5,817,036 19.2 9.4 11,363,817 37.6 19.3
Colorado 2,123,719 48.8 2.9 843,762 19.4 1.4 820,648 18.9 1.3 561,215 12.9 1.0
Connecticut 1,150,897 40.6 1.6 758,655 26.8 1.3 551,421 19.5 0.9 370,268 13.1 0.6
Delaware 207,876 27.6 0.3 204,853 27.2 0.3 235,152 31.2 0.4 105,683 14.0 0.2
District of Columbia 255,102 44.9 0.3 83,970 14.8 0.1 154,313 27.1 0.2 75,368 13.3 0.1
Florida 4,305,223 25.8 5.9 4,106,580 24.6 6.9 4,387,671 26.2 7.1 3,919,700 23.4 6.6
Georgia 1,583,161 20.0 2.2 1,617,533 20.5 2.7 2,513,883 31.8 4.1 2,184,030 27.7 3.7
Hawaii 506,908 45.4 0.7 306,957 27.5 0.5 235,497 21.1 0.4 68,094 6.1 0.1
Idaho 381,859 29.9 0.5 421,710 33.0 0.7 296,062 23.2 0.5 176,972 13.9 0.3
Illinois 3,377,021 34.2 4.6 2,494,285 25.2 4.2 2,135,425 21.6 3.4 1,872,374 19.0 3.2
Indiana 1,077,566 21.2 1.5 1,410,810 27.7 2.4 1,740,833 34.2 2.8 864,003 17.0 1.5
Iowa 989,413 41.0 1.3 805,524 33.4 1.4 416,431 17.3 0.7 199,403 8.3 0.3
Kansas 910,397 41.4 1.2 582,413 26.5 1.0 432,320 19.7 0.7 274,452 12.5 0.5
Kentucky 612,656 17.8 0.8 660,028 19.2 1.1 1,100,062 32.0 1.8 1,067,000 31.0 1.8
Louisiana 495,858 13.9 0.7 663,987 18.6 1.1 1,050,502 29.5 1.7 1,350,665 37.9 2.3
Maine 396,666 36.6 0.5 414,344 38.3 0.7 251,026 23.2 0.4 20,958 1.9 0.0
Maryland 1,632,402 34.9 2.2 1,334,308 28.5 2.2 1,073,330 22.9 1.7 637,126 13.6 1.1
Massachusetts 2,450,876 44.7 3.3 1,304,011 23.8 2.2 906,589 16.5 1.5 817,817 14.9 1.4
Michigan 2,574,376 33.1 3.5 2,372,743 30.5 4.0 1,936,748 24.9 3.1 903,520 11.6 1.5
Minnesota 2,026,117 47.5 2.8 1,348,172 31.6 2.3 610,481 14.3 1.0 282,760 6.6 0.5
Mississippi 221,382 9.7 0.3 355,139 15.6 0.6 794,727 35.0 1.3 899,677 39.6 1.5
Missouri 1,320,210 28.0 1.8 1,250,507 26.5 2.1 1,468,879 31.1 2.4 683,702 14.5 1.2
Montana 370,585 45.1 0.5 280,270 34.1 0.5 157,383 19.1 0.3 14,025 1.7 0.0
Nebraska 622,287 43.2 0.8 424,650 29.5 0.7 232,364 16.1 0.4 161,163 11.2 0.3
Nevada 512,642 22.4 0.7 573,452 25.0 1.0 594,606 26.0 1.0 610,640 26.6 1.0
New Hampshire 518,825 47.7 0.7 354,329 32.6 0.6 174,567 16.0 0.3 40,439 3.7 0.1
New Jersey 2,687,367 38.9 3.7 1,774,113 25.6 3.0 1,349,407 19.5 2.2 1,106,095 16.0 1.9
New Mexico 308,244 19.2 0.4 298,349 18.6 0.5 440,234 27.4 0.7 557,151 34.7 0.9
New York 4,188,593 27.1 5.7 3,489,489 22.6 5.9 3,639,367 23.5 5.9 4,146,371 26.8 7.0
North Carolina 1,958,130 24.6 2.7 1,567,665 19.7 2.6 2,377,789 29.8 3.8 2,064,678 25.9 3.5
North Dakota 228,111 39.3 0.3 222,048 38.2 0.4 110,483 19.0 0.2 20,331 3.5 0.0
Ohio 2,827,606 31.2 3.9 2,638,114 29.1 4.4 2,372,321 26.2 3.8 1,212,346 13.4 2.1
Oklahoma 576,736 19.4 0.8 767,721 25.8 1.3 975,716 32.8 1.6 655,733 22.0 1.1
Oregon 1,008,212 30.9 1.4 923,882 28.3 1.6 943,744 28.9 1.5 386,022 11.8 0.7
Pennsylvania 3,305,942 32.6 4.5 3,029,114 29.9 5.1 2,533,726 25.0 4.1 1,260,357 12.4 2.1
Puerto Rico 68,374 2.6 0.1 170,695 6.4 0.3 644,510 24.1 1.0 1,786,522 66.9 3.0
Rhode Island 236,144 27.8 0.3 262,095 30.8 0.4 203,604 24.0 0.3 148,044 17.4 0.3
South Carolina 921,028 23.5 1.3 815,623 20.8 1.4 1,109,367 28.3 1.8 1,072,286 27.4 1.8
South Dakota 218,159 33.2 0.3 232,840 35.5 0.4 143,529 21.9 0.2 62,002 9.4 0.1
Tennessee 1,111,401 21.4 1.5 967,664 18.6 1.6 1,808,023 34.7 2.9 1,317,348 25.3 2.2
Texas 4,755,728 22.7 6.5 3,623,004 17.3 6.1 4,768,869 22.8 7.7 7,774,810 37.2 13.2
Utah 958,805 44.1 1.3 630,861 29.0 1.1 392,533 18.1 0.6 191,066 8.8 0.3
Vermont 177,213 34.9 0.2 209,060 41.2 0.4 110,162 21.7 0.2 11,224 2.2 0.0
Virginia 2,142,304 32.5 2.9 1,605,316 24.4 2.7 1,820,167 27.6 2.9 1,020,977 15.5 1.7
Washington 2,208,347 38.3 3.0 1,626,163 28.2 2.7 1,300,131 22.6 2.1 625,920 10.9 1.1
West Virginia 210,300 14.5 0.3 308,180 21.3 0.5 595,331 41.1 1.0 334,056 23.1 0.6
Wisconsin 1,868,934 41.4 2.5 1,454,341 32.2 2.4 868,179 19.3 1.4 318,359 7.1 0.5
Wyoming 183,184 41.2 0.2 170,758 38.4 0.3 82,123 18.5 0.1 8,588 1.9 0.0
Total 73,390,378 28.9 100 59,518,558 23.4 100 62,034,966 24.4 100 58,994,602 23.2 100

Abbreviations: ACS, American Community Survey; SDH, social determinants of health [footnotes only].

Note. Proportion of residents in the census tract with less than a high school diploma at the time of the survey response (individuals aged 18 years and older).

a Percentage of male residents of area.
b Percentage of female residents of area.
c Percentage of residents of area.
d Percentage of SDH subpopulation total.

S3. Median Household Income Among Adults, By Sex at Birth and Area of Residence, 2015–2019 5-Year ACS Estimates—Census Tract Level, United States and Puerto Rico
Without health insurance (%)
Male
<44,000 44,000–58,999 59,000–80,999  ≥81,000
Area of residence No. %a No. %a No. %a No. %a
Alabama 663,162 36.9 547,591 30.4 367,075 20.4 220,700 12.3
Alaska 17,664 6.1 37,184 12.9 106,575 37.0 126,265 43.9
Arizona 705,237 26.5 664,403 25.0 659,514 24.8 628,116 23.6
Arkansas 447,024 40.3 396,888 35.8 207,376 18.7 57,976 5.2
California 1,834,627 12.4 2,654,572 17.9 3,739,465 25.2 6,584,724 44.5
Colorado 231,099 10.7 409,071 18.9 666,539 30.8 855,509 39.6
Connecticut 149,819 11.0 165,424 12.2 332,753 24.5 709,073 52.3
Delaware 28,231 7.8 82,569 22.9 146,990 40.9 102,024 28.4
District of Columbia 44,525 16.9 23,631 9.0 29,638 11.2 165,871 62.9
Florida 2,081,465 25.8 2,388,497 29.6 2,174,743 27.0 1,417,601 17.6
Georgia 986,194 26.1 925,593 24.5 975,032 25.8 891,717 23.6
Hawaii 30,283 5.5 65,833 11.9 151,547 27.3 307,446 55.4
Idaho 122,690 19.3 250,130 39.4 211,138 33.2 51,360 8.1
Illinois 757,685 15.8 1,097,425 22.9 1,364,044 28.5 1,571,573 32.8
Indiana 570,491 23.1 692,677 28.0 804,030 32.6 402,254 16.3
Iowa 152,643 12.9 382,021 32.3 463,647 39.2 185,083 15.6
Kansas 229,130 21.1 335,348 30.9 274,106 25.2 248,130 22.8
Kentucky 633,574 38.0 456,567 27.4 385,880 23.1 191,516 11.5
Louisiana 654,408 38.2 470,093 27.5 384,711 22.5 202,998 11.9
Maine 109,346 20.9 148,469 28.3 200,037 38.2 66,262 12.6
Maryland 151,810 6.8 252,693 11.4 518,376 23.4 1,295,221 58.4
Massachusetts 243,865 9.3 302,561 11.6 617,619 23.6 1,453,975 55.5
Michigan 860,052 22.8 1,071,701 28.5 1,074,322 28.5 758,566 20.1
Minnesota 177,183 8.4 446,132 21.2 747,591 35.5 734,748 34.9
Mississippi 511,702 47.2 326,212 30.1 180,637 16.7 64,697 6.0
Missouri 603,045 26.4 702,963 30.7 583,171 25.5 399,188 17.4
Montana 91,298 22.2 145,647 35.5 142,160 34.6 31,350 7.6
Nebraska 93,902 13.3 252,398 35.7 217,934 30.8 143,137 20.2
Nevada 262,780 23.0 232,408 20.3 394,408 34.5 253,850 22.2
New Hampshire 30,175 5.6 79,288 14.8 180,638 33.8 244,576 45.7
New Jersey 323,738 9.7 396,552 11.9 789,713 23.8 1,811,746 54.5
New Mexico 312,898 39.8 222,796 28.4 172,432 21.9 77,634 9.9
New York 1,124,038 15.3 1,460,901 19.9 1,929,758 26.3 2,826,890 38.5
North Carolina 1,113,636 29.3 1,169,334 30.8 894,140 23.5 622,259 16.4
North Dakota 35,192 11.8 69,841 23.5 121,960 41.0 70,430 23.7
Ohio 1,048,691 24.1 1,156,088 26.5 1,304,216 30.0 845,564 19.4
Oklahoma 456,908 31.4 483,929 33.3 321,869 22.1 192,306 13.2
Oregon 233,742 14.6 463,292 28.9 539,535 33.7 365,721 22.8
Pennsylvania 840,740 17.3 1,293,764 26.6 1,542,277 31.7 1,195,089 24.5
Puerto Rico 1,179,646 94.8 53,430 4.3 8,368 0.7 3,046 0.2
Rhode Island 71,955 17.6 66,044 16.2 120,758 29.6 148,925 36.5
South Carolina 594,340 32.0 518,044 27.9 492,359 26.5 253,442 13.6
South Dakota 59,036 17.9 111,830 34.0 112,870 34.3 45,489 13.8
Tennessee 755,003 30.3 800,971 32.1 558,798 22.4 379,242 15.2
Texas 2,327,054 22.7 2,505,328 24.5 2,633,235 25.7 2,773,944 27.1
Utah 88,354 8.2 218,036 20.1 371,403 34.3 404,379 37.4
Vermont 25,748 10.4 66,248 26.7 117,819 47.5 38,183 15.4
Virginia 424,426 13.3 634,260 19.9 736,106 23.1 1,392,062 43.7
Washington 218,336 7.6 571,839 20.0 875,791 30.7 1,189,325 41.7
West Virginia 308,902 43.5 246,985 34.8 126,447 17.8 27,308 3.8
Wisconsin 291,024 13.1 658,869 29.6 834,197 37.5 439,080 19.8
Wyoming 20,343 9.0 63,121 27.9 95,434 42.2 47,001 20.8
Total 25,328,859 20.6 29,237,491 23.8 33,001,181 26.8 35,514,571 28.9

 

S3. Median Household Income Among Adults, By Sex at Birth and Area of Residence, 2015–2019 5-Year ACS Estimates—Census Tract Level, United States and Puerto Rico
Without health insurance (%)
Female
<44,000 44,000–58,999 59,000–80,999 ≥81,000
Area of residence No. %b No. %b No. %b No. %b
Alabama 744,271 37.6 598,531 30.3 395,927 20.0 238,880 12.1
Alaska 15,187 5.8 30,831 11.8 95,834 36.6 120,325 45.9
Arizona 723,772 26.4 671,685 24.5 682,955 24.9 662,564 24.2
Arkansas 486,841 41.2 413,558 35.0 221,372 18.7 60,882 5.1
California 1,909,413 12.5 2,713,623 17.7 3,880,233 25.3 6,828,876 44.5
Colorado 230,387 10.6 406,376 18.7 662,846 30.6 868,464 40.1
Connecticut 165,955 11.3 188,537 12.9 361,807 24.7 749,927 51.1
Delaware 30,964 7.9 95,340 24.2 159,012 40.4 108,434 27.5
District of Columbia 58,262 19.5 29,284 9.8 32,139 10.7 179,330 60.0
Florida 2,220,645 25.8 2,569,932 29.8 2,332,700 27.1 1,495,335 17.4
Georgia 1,095,141 26.6 1,013,433 24.6 1,059,229 25.8 944,818 23.0
Hawaii 30,307 5.4 64,133 11.4 151,690 27.1 314,413 56.1
Idaho 123,121 19.2 253,919 39.6 210,504 32.8 53,715 8.4
Illinois 844,206 16.6 1,144,330 22.5 1,435,918 28.3 1,655,220 32.6
Indiana 628,882 24.1 732,243 28.1 821,876 31.5 422,036 16.2
Iowa 153,531 12.6 399,789 32.7 476,738 39.0 192,160 15.7
Kansas 229,561 20.6 343,103 30.8 284,504 25.6 255,624 23.0
Kentucky 685,521 38.8 478,316 27.1 403,655 22.8 199,079 11.3
Louisiana 726,720 39.4 485,814 26.4 411,225 22.3 219,827 11.9
Maine 114,899 20.6 157,446 28.2 213,499 38.2 73,036 13.1
Maryland 183,419 7.5 288,231 11.8 577,064 23.6 1,394,266 57.1
Massachusetts 276,475 9.7 335,037 11.8 667,297 23.4 1,572,463 55.1
Michigan 947,546 23.8 1,122,176 28.2 1,131,390 28.4 783,446 19.7
Minnesota 184,772 8.6 460,427 21.3 756,895 35.1 756,644 35.1
Mississippi 573,112 48.3 351,652 29.6 194,409 16.4 68,346 5.8
Missouri 666,048 27.4 725,395 29.8 619,630 25.4 423,833 17.4
Montana 89,799 21.8 147,545 35.9 142,423 34.6 31,439 7.6
Nebraska 97,323 13.4 257,977 35.6 218,947 30.2 151,291 20.9
Nevada 251,535 21.9 232,035 20.2 404,359 35.2 259,961 22.6
New Hampshire 30,524 5.5 85,541 15.5 184,872 33.4 252,546 45.6
New Jersey 373,120 10.4 425,908 11.9 843,828 23.6 1,939,953 54.1
New Mexico 323,361 39.6 230,881 28.2 181,209 22.2 81,866 10.0
New York 1,334,304 16.6 1,567,888 19.5 2,074,439 25.8 3,053,080 38.0
North Carolina 1,249,348 30.2 1,245,678 30.1 970,499 23.4 673,777 16.3
North Dakota 31,459 11.1 69,483 24.5 115,160 40.6 67,448 23.8
Ohio 1,162,305 24.9 1,240,318 26.6 1,369,896 29.4 887,535 19.0
Oklahoma 477,127 31.5 498,674 33.0 333,625 22.1 203,023 13.4
Oregon 238,753 14.4 482,927 29.1 559,630 33.7 378,206 22.8
Pennsylvania 959,609 18.4 1,362,413 26.1 1,625,434 31.2 1,267,303 24.3
Puerto Rico 1,346,850 94.7 61,432 4.3 9,373 0.7 3,931 0.3
Rhode Island 78,273 17.7 72,739 16.4 133,865 30.3 157,328 35.6
South Carolina 674,584 33.1 558,344 27.4 534,472 26.2 270,695 13.3
South Dakota 58,728 17.9 109,953 33.6 111,119 33.9 47,505 14.5
Tennessee 839,696 31.2 845,765 31.4 595,509 22.1 412,676 15.3
Texas 2,430,472 22.9 2,577,833 24.3 2,707,421 25.5 2,897,929 27.3
Utah 87,189 8.0 216,010 19.8 382,166 35.1 403,415 37.1
Vermont 27,078 10.4 68,213 26.3 124,994 48.1 39,376 15.2
Virginia 457,630 13.6 675,625 20.0 784,228 23.2 1,456,149 43.2
Washington 224,914 7.8 574,222 19.8 884,835 30.5 1,213,561 41.9
West Virginia 329,459 44.6 252,153 34.2 128,418 17.4 28,195 3.8
Wisconsin 317,091 13.9 672,331 29.4 846,623 37.0 449,425 19.7
Wyoming 19,537 8.9 63,221 28.9 90,527 41.4 45,469 20.8
Total 27,559,026 21.2 30,668,250 23.6 34,598,219 26.6 37,315,025 28.7

 

S3. Median Household Income Among Adults, By Sex at Birth and Area of Residence, 2015–2019 5-Year ACS Estimates—Census Tract Level, United States and Puerto Rico
Without health insurance (%)
Total
<44,000 44,000–58,999 59,000–80,999 ≥81,000
Area of residence No. %c %d No. %c %d No. %c %d No. %c %d
Alabama 1,407,433 37.3 2.7 1,146,122 30.4 1.9 763,002 20.2 1.1 459,580 12.2 0.6
Alaska 32,851 6.0 0.1 68,015 12.4 0.1 202,409 36.8 0.3 246,590 44.8 0.3
Arizona 1,429,009 26.5 2.7 1,336,088 24.8 2.2 1,342,469 24.9 2.0 1,290,680 23.9 1.8
Arkansas 933,865 40.7 1.8 810,446 35.4 1.4 428,748 18.7 0.6 118,858 5.2 0.2
California 3,744,040 12.4 7.1 5,368,195 17.8 9.0 7,619,698 25.3 11.3 13,413,600 44.5 18.4
Colorado 461,486 10.7 0.9 815,447 18.8 1.4 1,329,385 30.7 2.0 1,723,973 39.8 2.4
Connecticut 315,774 11.2 0.6 353,961 12.5 0.6 694,560 24.6 1.0 1,459,000 51.7 2.0
Delaware 59,195 7.9 0.1 177,909 23.6 0.3 306,002 40.6 0.5 210,458 27.9 0.3
District of Columbia 102,787 18.3 0.2 52,915 9.4 0.1 61,777 11.0 0.1 345,201 61.3 0.5
Florida 4,302,110 25.8 8.1 4,958,429 29.7 8.3 4,507,443 27.0 6.7 2,912,936 17.5 4.0
Georgia 2,081,335 26.4 3.9 1,939,026 24.6 3.2 2,034,261 25.8 3.0 1,836,535 23.3 2.5
Hawaii 60,590 5.4 0.1 129,966 11.6 0.2 303,237 27.2 0.4 621,859 55.7 0.9
Idaho 245,811 19.3 0.5 504,049 39.5 0.8 421,642 33.0 0.6 105,075 8.2 0.1
Illinois 1,601,891 16.2 3.0 2,241,755 22.7 3.7 2,799,962 28.4 4.1 3,226,793 32.7 4.4
Indiana 1,199,373 23.6 2.3 1,424,920 28.1 2.4 1,625,906 32.0 2.4 824,290 16.2 1.1
Iowa 306,174 12.7 0.6 781,810 32.5 1.3 940,385 39.1 1.4 377,243 15.7 0.5
Kansas 458,691 20.9 0.9 678,451 30.8 1.1 558,610 25.4 0.8 503,754 22.9 0.7
Kentucky 1,319,095 38.4 2.5 934,883 27.2 1.6 789,535 23.0 1.2 390,595 11.4 0.5
Louisiana 1,381,128 38.8 2.6 955,907 26.9 1.6 795,936 22.4 1.2 422,825 11.9 0.6
Maine 224,245 20.7 0.4 305,915 28.2 0.5 413,536 38.2 0.6 139,298 12.9 0.2
Maryland 335,229 7.2 0.6 540,924 11.6 0.9 1,095,440 23.5 1.6 2,689,487 57.7 3.7
Massachusetts 520,340 9.5 1.0 637,598 11.7 1.1 1,284,916 23.5 1.9 3,026,438 55.3 4.2
Michigan 1,807,598 23.3 3.4 2,193,877 28.3 3.7 2,205,712 28.5 3.3 1,542,012 19.9 2.1
Minnesota 361,955 8.5 0.7 906,559 21.3 1.5 1,504,486 35.3 2.2 1,491,392 35.0 2.0
Mississippi 1,084,814 47.8 2.1 677,864 29.9 1.1 375,046 16.5 0.6 133,043 5.9 0.2
Missouri 1,269,093 26.9 2.4 1,428,358 30.2 2.4 1,202,801 25.5 1.8 823,021 17.4 1.1
Montana 181,097 22.0 0.3 293,192 35.7 0.5 284,583 34.6 0.4 62,789 7.6 0.1
Nebraska 191,225 13.3 0.4 510,375 35.6 0.9 436,881 30.5 0.6 294,428 20.5 0.4
Nevada 514,315 22.4 1.0 464,443 20.3 0.8 798,767 34.9 1.2 513,811 22.4 0.7
New Hampshire 60,699 5.6 0.1 164,829 15.1 0.3 365,510 33.6 0.5 497,122 45.7 0.7
New Jersey 696,858 10.1 1.3 822,460 11.9 1.4 1,633,541 23.7 2.4 3,751,699 54.3 5.2
New Mexico 636,259 39.7 1.2 453,677 28.3 0.8 353,641 22.1 0.5 159,500 9.9 0.2
New York 2,458,342 16.0 4.6 3,028,789 19.7 5.1 4,004,197 26.0 5.9 5,879,970 38.3 8.1
North Carolina 2,362,984 29.8 4.5 2,415,012 30.4 4.0 1,864,639 23.5 2.8 1,296,036 16.3 1.8
North Dakota 66,651 11.5 0.1 139,324 24.0 0.2 237,120 40.8 0.4 137,878 23.7 0.2
Ohio 2,210,996 24.5 4.2 2,396,406 26.6 4.0 2,674,112 29.7 4.0 1,733,099 19.2 2.4
Oklahoma 934,035 31.5 1.8 982,603 33.1 1.6 655,494 22.1 1.0 395,329 13.3 0.5
Oregon 472,495 14.5 0.9 946,219 29.0 1.6 1,099,165 33.7 1.6 743,927 22.8 1.0
Pennsylvania 1,800,349 17.8 3.4 2,656,177 26.3 4.4 3,167,711 31.4 4.7 2,462,392 24.4 3.4
Puerto Rico 2,526,496 94.8 4.8 114,862 4.3 0.2 17,741 0.7 0.0 6,977 0.3 0.0
Rhode Island 150,228 17.7 0.3 138,783 16.3 0.2 254,623 30.0 0.4 306,253 36.0 0.4
South Carolina 1,268,924 32.6 2.4 1,076,388 27.6 1.8 1,026,831 26.4 1.5 524,137 13.5 0.7
South Dakota 117,764 17.9 0.2 221,783 33.8 0.4 223,989 34.1 0.3 92,994 14.2 0.1
Tennessee 1,594,699 30.7 3.0 1,646,736 31.7 2.7 1,154,307 22.3 1.7 791,918 15.3 1.1
Texas 4,757,526 22.8 9.0 5,083,161 24.4 8.5 5,340,656 25.6 7.9 5,671,873 27.2 7.8
Utah 175,543 8.1 0.3 434,046 20.0 0.7 753,569 34.7 1.1 807,794 37.2 1.1
Vermont 52,826 10.4 0.1 134,461 26.5 0.2 242,813 47.8 0.4 77,559 15.3 0.1
Virginia 882,056 13.4 1.7 1,309,885 20.0 2.2 1,520,334 23.2 2.2 2,848,211 43.4 3.9
Washington 443,250 7.7 0.8 1,146,061 19.9 1.9 1,760,626 30.6 2.6 2,402,886 41.8 3.3
West Virginia 638,361 44.1 1.2 499,138 34.5 0.8 254,865 17.6 0.4 55,503 3.8 0.1
Wisconsin 608,115 13.5 1.1 1,331,200 29.5 2.2 1,680,820 37.3 2.5 888,505 19.7 1.2
Wyoming 39,880 9.0 0.1 126,342 28.4 0.2 185,961 41.8 0.3 92,470 20.8 0.1
Total 52,887,885 20.9 100 59,905,741 23.7 100 67,599,400 26.7 100 72,829,596 28.8 100

Abbreviations: ACS, American Community Survey; SDH, social determinants of health [footnotes only].

Note. Median household income (all age groups) in the census tract during the 12 months before the survey response.

a Percentage of male residents of area.
b Percentage of female residents of area.
c Percentage of residents of area.
d Percentage of SDH subpopulation total.

Table S4. Adults Without Health Insurance, By Sex at Birth and Area of Residence, 2015–2019 5-Year ACS Estimates—Census Tract Level, United States and Puerto Rico
Without health insurance (%)
Male
<4 4.00–7.99 8.00–13.99 ≥14
Area of residence No. %a No. %a No. %a No. %a
Alabama 154,641 8.6 416,440 23.1 665,701 37.0 563,115 31.3
Alaska 18,478 6.4 33,868 11.7 83,200 28.7 154,410 53.3
Arizona 456,138 17.1 712,690 26.8 723,546 27.2 771,398 29.0
Arkansas 80,012 7.2 392,849 35.3 450,814 40.6 187,966 16.9
California 3,849,422 25.9 4,460,894 30.1 3,673,313 24.8 2,857,115 19.3
Colorado 508,826 23.5 697,760 32.2 601,124 27.7 359,975 16.6
Connecticut 697,720 51.4 359,132 26.4 155,575 11.5 146,231 10.8
Delaware 111,992 31.1 160,429 44.6 69,167 19.2 18,226 5.1
District of Columbia 157,437 59.2 66,804 25.1 37,879 14.2 3,902 1.5
Florida 517,834 6.4 1,333,237 16.5 2,641,135 32.7 3,581,746 44.4
Georgia 236,398 6.2 479,762 12.7 1,142,595 30.2 1,923,678 50.9
Hawaii 281,389 50.6 221,141 39.8 50,345 9.1 2,977 0.5
Idaho 31,216 4.9 114,034 17.9 261,005 41.1 229,078 36.1
Illinois 1,466,510 30.6 1,598,015 33.3 968,368 20.2 762,973 15.9
Indiana 397,339 16.0 953,628 38.4 741,070 29.9 388,561 15.7
Iowa 534,324 45.0 451,181 38.0 153,108 12.9 47,727 4.0
Kansas 225,140 20.7 305,574 28.1 319,236 29.4 236,810 21.8
Kentucky 503,140 30.2 726,491 43.6 376,213 22.6 61,892 3.7
Louisiana 130,822 7.6 340,581 19.9 774,323 45.2 468,666 27.3
Maine 60,003 11.4 176,623 33.7 243,096 46.4 44,392 8.5
Maryland 890,448 40.1 732,976 33.0 359,888 16.2 234,788 10.6
Massachusetts 1,931,433 73.6 548,460 20.9 127,452 4.9 16,495 0.6
Michigan 1,233,679 32.7 1,541,965 40.8 830,546 22.0 169,823 4.5
Minnesota 1,042,584 49.5 775,500 36.8 219,350 10.4 68,923 3.3
Mississippi 38,064 3.5 91,818 8.5 343,385 31.7 610,021 56.3
Missouri 351,083 15.3 503,783 22.0 856,575 37.4 576,941 25.2
Montana 34,493 8.4 150,476 36.7 169,774 41.4 55,712 13.6
Nebraska 154,233 21.7 240,205 33.8 184,105 25.9 131,696 18.5
Nevada 132,819 11.6 292,100 25.5 345,114 30.2 373,413 32.7
New Hampshire 134,165 25.1 220,661 41.3 153,931 28.8 25,920 4.8
New Jersey 1,115,727 33.6 900,767 27.1 632,388 19.0 672,971 20.3
New Mexico 115,621 14.7 205,074 26.1 248,237 31.6 216,828 27.6
New York 2,811,198 38.1 2,383,888 32.3 1,471,968 19.9 715,955 9.7
North Carolina 311,404 8.2 797,556 20.9 1,338,174 35.1 1,368,974 35.9
North Dakota 74,082 24.9 118,412 39.8 83,455 28.1 21,474 7.2
Ohio 1,385,181 31.7 1,738,790 39.8 940,821 21.5 305,569 7.0
Oklahoma 53,595 3.7 190,968 13.1 395,943 27.1 819,235 56.1
Oregon 314,788 19.6 632,956 39.5 517,636 32.3 136,932 8.5
Pennsylvania 1,959,219 40.0 1,748,799 35.7 857,563 17.5 328,189 6.7
Puerto Rico 196,596 15.8 584,587 46.9 389,174 31.2 75,046 6.0
Rhode Island 208,840 51.2 124,659 30.6 48,582 11.9 25,601 6.3
South Carolina 134,104 7.2 368,917 19.8 744,411 39.9 616,225 33.1
South Dakota 36,522 11.1 123,140 37.4 106,813 32.4 62,750 19.1
Tennessee 209,419 8.4 600,439 24.0 1,007,176 40.3 683,020 27.3
Texas 467,267 4.6 1,267,596 12.3 2,120,461 20.6 6,414,152 62.5
Utah 165,236 15.3 317,254 29.3 326,839 30.2 272,843 25.2
Vermont 103,606 41.8 129,525 52.2 14,867 6.0 0 0
Virginia 572,077 17.9 930,963 29.1 1,031,909 32.3 663,634 20.7
Washington 775,152 27.1 1,153,644 40.3 683,395 23.9 250,086 8.7
West Virginia 110,181 15.5 361,680 51.0 226,618 31.9 11,163 1.6
Wisconsin 855,322 38.5 916,652 41.2 340,179 15.3 111,017 5.0
Wyoming 6,669 3.0 48,445 21.4 84,149 37.3 86,636 38.4
Total 28,343,588 23.0 34,743,788 28.2 31,331,691 25.4 28,932,870 23.5

 

Table S4. Adults without health insurance, by sex at birth and area of residence, 2015–2019 5-year ACS estimates—census tract level, United States and Puerto Rico
Without health insurance (%)
Female
<4 4.00–7.99 8.00–13.99 ≥14
Area of residence No. %b No. %b No. %b No. %b
Alabama 169,358 8.6 449,402 22.7 738,476 37.3 622,741 31.5
Alaska 14,266 5.4 32,133 12.2 78,365 29.8 137,954 52.5
Arizona 488,947 17.8 742,681 27.1 740,537 27.0 768,990 28.1
Arkansas 83,635 7.1 421,925 35.7 477,257 40.3 200,644 17.0
California 4,039,633 26.3 4,650,490 30.3 3,795,038 24.7 2,859,270 18.6
Colorado 530,487 24.4 699,935 32.2 593,094 27.3 347,502 16.0
Connecticut 750,262 51.1 390,640 26.6 172,541 11.8 153,890 10.5
Delaware 122,766 31.2 177,377 45.0 74,491 18.9 19,116 4.9
District of Columbia 182,292 60.2 77,137 25.5 39,844 13.2 3,458 1.1
Florida 574,319 6.7 1,462,885 16.9 2,851,748 33.0 3,745,341 43.4
Georgia 237,062 5.8 521,944 12.7 1,254,758 30.5 2,099,386 51.0
Hawaii 280,053 50.0 229,457 40.9 47,751 8.5 3,312 0.6
Idaho 33,049 5.2 116,282 18.1 263,423 41.1 228,516 35.6
Illinois 1,556,515 30.6 1,712,535 33.7 1,046,464 20.6 767,248 15.1
Indiana 420,856 16.1 994,037 38.0 780,130 29.9 417,591 16.0
Iowa 555,840 45.4 465,260 38.0 156,074 12.7 47,257 3.9
Kansas 232,865 20.9 312,396 28.1 326,456 29.3 241,105 21.7
Kentucky 529,016 29.9 774,008 43.8 399,920 22.6 63,703 3.6
Louisiana 138,398 7.5 369,622 20.0 831,690 45.1 504,668 27.4
Maine 68,399 12.2 189,727 33.9 255,435 45.7 45,319 8.1
Maryland 970,908 39.7 824,928 33.8 410,199 16.8 236,945 9.7
Massachusetts 2,113,151 74.0 596,466 20.9 130,630 4.6 15,206 0.5
Michigan 1,315,320 32.9 1,630,621 40.8 874,456 21.9 176,330 4.4
Minnesota 1,081,714 50.1 790,302 36.6 219,397 10.2 68,396 3.2
Mississippi 41,873 3.5 99,705 8.4 375,967 31.7 670,006 56.4
Missouri 376,432 15.5 533,542 21.9 901,893 37.0 623,049 25.6
Montana 34,041 8.3 151,127 36.8 170,064 41.4 55,974 13.6
Nebraska 166,064 22.8 244,294 33.5 188,531 25.9 129,943 17.8
Nevada 139,478 12.2 296,840 25.9 348,036 30.3 363,536 31.7
New Hampshire 140,616 25.4 228,932 41.4 159,036 28.7 24,899 4.5
New Jersey 1,214,576 33.9 975,649 27.2 688,952 19.2 703,806 19.6
New Mexico 121,125 14.8 216,021 26.4 259,586 31.8 220,585 27.0
New York 3,074,633 38.1 2,607,444 32.3 1,645,940 20.4 734,871 9.1
North Carolina 321,075 7.7 867,200 20.9 1,452,950 35.1 1,502,791 36.3
North Dakota 73,835 26.0 114,262 40.3 74,811 26.4 20,642 7.3
Ohio 1,486,170 31.8 1,859,850 39.8 1,007,456 21.6 317,828 6.8
Oklahoma 53,510 3.5 203,743 13.4 417,316 27.5 841,596 55.5
Oregon 332,385 20.0 653,580 39.4 535,111 32.2 138,472 8.3
Pennsylvania 2,088,524 40.0 1,858,428 35.6 933,150 17.9 346,577 6.6
Puerto Rico 220,768 15.5 672,483 47.3 445,960 31.3 83,441 5.9
Rhode Island 229,610 51.9 136,471 30.9 52,067 11.8 24,057 5.4
South Carolina 146,930 7.2 404,509 19.8 806,735 39.5 682,535 33.4
South Dakota 37,449 11.4 123,113 37.6 105,565 32.3 61,178 18.7
Tennessee 229,338 8.5 644,555 23.9 1,082,127 40.1 743,798 27.5
Texas 476,160 4.5 1,327,780 12.5 2,218,634 20.9 6,607,066 62.2
Utah 167,696 15.4 322,154 29.6 330,939 30.4 267,991 24.6
Vermont 109,403 42.1 135,394 52.1 14,864 5.7 0 0
Virginia 595,257 17.6 987,906 29.2 1,111,574 32.9 687,585 20.3
Washington 791,316 27.3 1,189,037 41.0 677,547 23.4 240,384 8.3
West Virginia 117,772 16.0 374,294 50.7 234,426 31.8 11,733 1.6
Wisconsin 889,883 38.9 931,063 40.7 353,621 15.5 110,903 4.9
Wyoming 6,539 3.0 47,860 21.9 80,307 36.7 84,048 38.4
Total 30,171,569 23.2 36,839,426 28.3 33,231,339 25.5 30,073,182 23.1

 

Table S4. Adults without health insurance, by sex at birth and area of residence, 2015–2019 5-year ACS estimates—census tract level, United States and Puerto Rico
Without health insurance (%)
Total
<4 4.00–7.99 8.00–13.99 ≥14
Area of residence No. %c %d No. %c %d No. %c %d No. %c %d
Alabama 323,999 8.6 0.6 865,842 22.9 1.2 1,404,177 37.1 2.2 1,185,856 31.4 2.0
Alaska 32,744 5.9 0.1 66,001 11.9 0.1 161,565 29.2 0.3 292,364 52.9 0.5
Arizona 945,085 17.5 1.6 1,455,371 26.9 2.0 1,464,083 27.1 2.3 1,540,388 28.5 2.6
Arkansas 163,647 7.1 0.3 814,774 35.5 1.1 928,071 40.4 1.4 388,610 16.9 0.7
California 7,889,055 26.1 13.5 9,111,384 30.2 12.7 7,468,351 24.7 11.6 5,716,385 18.9 9.7
Colorado 1,039,313 24.0 1.8 1,397,695 32.2 2.0 1,194,218 27.5 1.8 707,477 16.3 1.2
Connecticut 1,447,982 51.2 2.5 749,772 26.5 1.0 328,116 11.6 0.5 300,121 10.6 0.5
Delaware 234,758 31.2 0.4 337,806 44.8 0.5 143,658 19.1 0.2 37,342 5.0 0.1
District of Columbia 339,729 59.7 0.6 143,941 25.3 0.2 77,723 13.7 0.1 7,360 1.3 0.0
Florida 1,092,153 6.5 1.9 2,796,122 16.7 3.9 5,492,883 32.9 8.5 7,327,087 43.9 12.4
Georgia 473,460 6.0 0.8 1,001,706 12.7 1.4 2,397,353 30.4 3.7 4,023,064 51.0 6.8
Hawaii 561,442 50.3 1.0 450,598 40.4 0.6 98,096 8.8 0.2 6,289 0.6 0.0
Idaho 64,265 5.0 0.1 230,316 18.0 0.3 524,428 41.1 0.8 457,594 35.8 0.8
Illinois 3,023,025 30.6 5.2 3,310,550 33.5 4.6 2,014,832 20.4 3.1 1,530,221 15.5 2.6
Indiana 818,195 16.1 1.4 1,947,665 38.2 2.7 1,521,200 29.9 2.4 806,152 15.8 1.4
Iowa 1,090,164 45.2 1.9 916,441 38.0 1.3 309,182 12.8 0.5 94,984 3.9 0.2
Kansas 458,005 20.8 0.8 617,970 28.1 0.9 645,692 29.4 1.0 477,915 21.7 0.8
Kentucky 1,032,156 30.1 1.8 1,500,499 43.7 2.1 776,133 22.6 1.2 125,595 3.7 0.2
Louisiana 269,220 7.6 0.5 710,203 20.0 1.0 1,606,013 45.1 2.5 973,334 27.4 1.6
Maine 128,402 11.9 0.2 366,350 33.8 0.5 498,531 46.0 0.8 89,711 8.3 0.2
Maryland 1,861,356 39.9 3.2 1,557,904 33.4 2.2 770,087 16.5 1.2 471,733 10.1 0.8
Massachusetts 4,044,584 73.8 6.9 1,144,926 20.9 1.6 258,082 4.7 0.4 31,701 0.6 0.1
Michigan 2,548,999 32.8 4.4 3,172,586 40.8 4.4 1,705,002 21.9 2.6 346,153 4.5 0.6
Minnesota 2,124,298 49.8 3.6 1,565,802 36.7 2.2 438,747 10.3 0.7 137,319 3.2 0.2
Mississippi 79,937 3.5 0.1 191,523 8.4 0.3 719,352 31.7 1.1 1,280,027 56.4 2.2
Missouri 727,515 15.4 1.2 1,037,325 22.0 1.4 1,758,468 37.2 2.7 1,199,990 25.4 2.0
Montana 68,534 8.3 0.1 301,603 36.7 0.4 339,838 41.4 0.5 111,686 13.6 0.2
Nebraska 320,297 22.3 0.5 484,499 33.7 0.7 372,636 25.9 0.6 261,639 18.2 0.4
Nevada 272,297 11.9 0.5 588,940 25.7 0.8 693,150 30.3 1.1 736,949 32.2 1.2
New Hampshire 274,781 25.3 0.5 449,593 41.3 0.6 312,967 28.8 0.5 50,819 4.7 0.1
New Jersey 2,330,303 33.7 4.0 1,876,416 27.2 2.6 1,321,340 19.1 2.0 1,376,777 19.9 2.3
New Mexico 236,746 14.8 0.4 421,095 26.3 0.6 507,823 31.7 0.8 437,413 27.3 0.7
New York 5,885,831 38.1 10.1 4,991,332 32.3 7.0 3,117,908 20.2 4.8 1,450,826 9.4 2.5
North Carolina 632,479 7.9 1.1 1,664,756 20.9 2.3 2,791,124 35.1 4.3 2,871,765 36.1 4.9
North Dakota 147,917 25.5 0.3 232,674 40.0 0.3 158,266 27.2 0.2 42,116 7.2 0.1
Ohio 2,871,351 31.8 4.9 3,598,640 39.8 5.0 1,948,277 21.5 3.0 623,397 6.9 1.1
Oklahoma 107,105 3.6 0.2 394,711 13.3 0.6 813,259 27.3 1.3 1,660,831 55.8 2.8
Oregon 647,173 19.8 1.1 1,286,536 39.4 1.8 1,052,747 32.3 1.6 275,404 8.4 0.5
Pennsylvania 4,047,743 40.0 6.9 3,607,227 35.6 5.0 1,790,713 17.7 2.8 674,766 6.7 1.1
Puerto Rico 417,364 15.6 0.7 1,257,070 47.1 1.8 835,134 31.3 1.3 158,487 5.9 0.3
Rhode Island 438,450 51.6 0.7 261,130 30.7 0.4 100,649 11.8 0.2 49,658 5.8 0.1
South Carolina 281,034 7.2 0.5 773,426 19.8 1.1 1,551,146 39.7 2.4 1,298,760 33.3 2.2
South Dakota 73,971 11.3 0.1 246,253 37.5 0.3 212,378 32.3 0.3 123,928 18.9 0.2
Tennessee 438,757 8.4 0.7 1,244,994 23.9 1.7 2,089,303 40.2 3.2 1,426,818 27.4 2.4
Texas 943,427 4.5 1.6 2,595,376 12.4 3.6 4,339,095 20.8 6.7 13,021,218 62.3 22.1
Utah 332,932 15.3 0.6 639,408 29.5 0.9 657,778 30.3 1.0 540,834 24.9 0.9
Vermont 213,009 42.0 0.4 264,919 52.2 0.4 29,731 5.9 0.0 0 0 0
Virginia 1,167,334 17.7 2.0 1,918,869 29.2 2.7 2,143,483 32.6 3.3 1,351,219 20.5 2.3
Washington 1,566,468 27.2 2.7 2,342,681 40.7 3.3 1,360,942 23.6 2.1 490,470 8.5 0.8
West Virginia 227,953 15.7 0.4 735,974 50.8 1.0 461,044 31.8 0.7 22,896 1.6 0.0
Wisconsin 1,745,205 38.7 3.0 1,847,715 41.0 2.6 693,800 15.4 1.1 221,920 4.9 0.4
Wyoming 13,208 3.0 0.0 96,305 21.7 0.1 164,456 37.0 0.3 170,684 38.4 0.3
Total 58,515,157 23.1 100 71,583,214 28.2 100.0 64,563,030 25.5 100 59,006,052 23.3 100

Abbreviations: ACS, American Community Survey; SDH, social determinants of health [footnotes only].

Note. Proportion of residents in the census tract without health insurance or health coverage plan at the time of the survey response (individuals aged 18 years and older).

a Percentage of male residents of area.
b Percentage of female residents of area.
c Percentage of residents of area.
d Percentage of SDH subpopulation total.

Table S5. GINI Index among Adults, By Sex at Birth and Area Of Residence, 2015–2019 5-Year ACS Estimates—Census Tract Level, United States and Puerto Rico
Gini index (%)
Male
<38 38.00–41.99 42.00–45.99 ≥46
Area of residence No. %a No. %a No. %a No. %a
Alabama 287,170 16.0 447,717 24.9 477,771 26.5 587,010 32.6
Alaska 96,138 33.4 89,009 30.9 72,264 25.1 30,277 10.5
Arizona 866,662 32.5 718,511 27.0 548,730 20.6 529,846 19.9
Arkansas 145,228 13.1 288,859 26.0 302,401 27.2 373,553 33.7
California 3,796,767 25.6 3,986,011 26.9 3,609,133 24.3 3,436,219 23.2
Colorado 773,172 35.8 539,963 25.0 447,050 20.7 402,033 18.6
Connecticut 285,732 21.1 403,158 29.7 323,121 23.8 345,058 25.4
Delaware 90,929 25.3 123,736 34.4 78,304 21.8 66,845 18.6
District of Columbia 18,982 7.2 35,803 13.5 61,527 23.3 147,957 56.0
Florida 1,701,485 21.1 2,349,349 29.1 1,868,103 23.2 2,148,645 26.6
Georgia 971,313 25.7 957,213 25.3 887,758 23.5 964,315 25.5
Hawaii 195,401 35.2 139,125 25.1 113,879 20.5 106,704 19.2
Idaho 167,899 26.4 187,543 29.5 154,968 24.4 124,923 19.7
Illinois 1,216,108 25.4 1,361,241 28.4 1,112,481 23.2 1,103,830 23.0
Indiana 862,727 34.8 710,263 28.7 491,791 19.9 412,042 16.6
Iowa 307,630 25.9 425,135 35.8 284,674 24.0 168,901 14.2
Kansas 356,704 32.8 343,471 31.6 240,574 22.1 146,011 13.4
Kentucky 319,319 19.1 386,563 23.2 440,645 26.4 521,010 31.2
Louisiana 153,557 9.0 347,726 20.3 479,965 28.0 731,392 42.7
Maine 112,411 21.4 147,931 28.2 142,205 27.1 121,567 23.2
Maryland 927,263 41.8 619,091 27.9 349,433 15.8 322,313 14.5
Massachusetts 490,804 18.7 696,618 26.6 761,337 29.1 671,616 25.6
Michigan 1,032,392 27.4 1,118,842 29.7 844,965 22.4 771,328 20.5
Minnesota 642,291 30.5 689,504 32.7 443,386 21.1 330,473 15.7
Mississippi 171,181 15.8 189,586 17.5 264,290 24.4 458,231 42.3
Missouri 646,432 28.2 655,217 28.6 524,475 22.9 462,243 20.2
Montana 54,273 13.2 111,938 27.3 123,170 30.0 121,074 29.5
Nebraska 238,795 33.6 206,823 29.1 162,997 22.9 101,624 14.3
Nevada 411,152 36.0 277,432 24.3 234,482 20.5 220,380 19.3
New Hampshire 165,571 31.0 189,085 35.4 92,469 17.3 87,552 16.4
New Jersey 785,759 23.7 956,882 28.8 812,429 24.5 766,716 23.1
New Mexico 130,492 16.6 203,342 25.9 173,969 22.1 277,957 35.4
New York 1,266,821 17.2 1,855,867 25.2 1,669,399 22.7 2,563,884 34.9
North Carolina 839,481 22.0 1,035,564 27.2 969,733 25.4 969,049 25.4
North Dakota 44,751 15.0 74,785 25.1 103,088 34.7 74,799 25.1
Ohio 1,287,062 29.4 1,291,093 29.5 914,669 20.9 877,537 20.1
Oklahoma 316,057 21.7 376,021 25.8 387,258 26.5 380,350 26.1
Oregon 410,682 25.6 462,031 28.8 404,215 25.2 325,384 20.3
Pennsylvania 1,092,361 22.4 1,645,132 33.7 1,114,806 22.9 1,025,939 21.0
Puerto Rico 25,185 2.0 97,218 7.8 230,235 18.5 892,759 71.7
Rhode Island 80,267 19.7 118,865 29.2 92,166 22.6 116,384 28.5
South Carolina 357,902 19.3 501,975 27.0 474,883 25.6 523,425 28.2
South Dakota 93,085 28.3 74,975 22.8 90,007 27.3 71,158 21.6
Tennessee 535,176 21.4 683,758 27.4 573,661 23.0 703,433 28.2
Texas 3,174,221 31.0 2,519,033 24.6 2,265,285 22.1 2,292,059 22.4
Utah 558,120 51.6 246,925 22.8 165,080 15.3 112,047 10.4
Vermont 35,808 14.4 77,204 31.1 84,073 33.9 50,913 20.5
Virginia 1,234,186 38.6 824,370 25.8 593,494 18.6 541,847 17.0
Washington 903,218 31.6 862,292 30.2 642,448 22.5 451,617 15.8
West Virginia 76,887 10.8 188,149 26.5 219,614 30.9 224,992 31.7
Wisconsin 629,704 28.3 785,643 35.3 463,625 20.9 344,198 15.5
Wyoming 61,918 27.4 74,200 32.8 56,339 24.9 33,442 14.8
Total 31,444,631 25.5 33,697,787 27.3 28,438,824 23.1 29,634,861 24.1

 

Table S5. GINI Index among Adults, By Sex at Birth and Area Of Residence, 2015–2019 5-Year ACS Estimates—Census Tract Level, United States and Puerto Rico
Gini index (%)
Female
<38 38.00–41.99 42.00–45.99 ≥46
Area of residence No. %b No. %b No. %b No. %b
Alabama 304,125 15.4 492,146 24.9 529,739 26.8 653,261 33.0
Alaska 87,002 33.2 82,029 31.3 63,943 24.4 29,203 11.1
Arizona 894,734 32.6 758,648 27.7 547,542 20.0 540,226 19.7
Arkansas 153,562 13.0 301,684 25.5 321,664 27.2 406,515 34.4
California 3,852,561 25.1 4,137,032 27.0 3,753,976 24.5 3,589,134 23.4
Colorado 781,072 36.0 542,164 25.0 447,043 20.6 397,794 18.3
Connecticut 295,192 20.1 430,347 29.4 362,920 24.8 377,767 25.8
Delaware 93,656 23.8 135,561 34.4 89,208 22.7 75,325 19.1
District of Columbia 18,651 6.2 38,372 12.8 67,012 22.3 176,536 58.7
Florida 1,805,466 20.9 2,529,378 29.3 1,983,335 23.0 2,306,814 26.7
Georgia 1,048,494 25.5 1,036,701 25.2 970,838 23.6 1,056,748 25.7
Hawaii 184,733 33.0 144,333 25.7 117,428 20.9 114,049 20.3
Idaho 168,907 26.3 185,410 28.9 158,528 24.7 128,425 20.0
Illinois 1,259,431 24.8 1,419,209 27.9 1,178,847 23.2 1,225,252 24.1
Indiana 886,095 34.0 749,838 28.7 528,147 20.2 445,507 17.1
Iowa 307,610 25.1 445,967 36.4 293,848 24.0 177,006 14.5
Kansas 361,432 32.5 354,604 31.9 246,944 22.2 149,842 13.5
Kentucky 334,372 18.9 406,542 23.0 467,721 26.5 557,936 31.6
Louisiana 161,159 8.7 373,073 20.2 510,849 27.7 799,105 43.3
Maine 117,904 21.1 153,681 27.5 153,681 27.5 133,614 23.9
Maryland 1,004,188 41.1 676,981 27.7 386,729 15.8 375,082 15.4
Massachusetts 510,643 17.9 748,518 26.2 832,224 29.2 760,917 26.7
Michigan 1,067,678 26.8 1,175,548 29.5 904,753 22.7 838,851 21.0
Minnesota 649,234 30.1 699,626 32.4 465,588 21.6 344,290 15.9
Mississippi 181,431 15.3 211,222 17.8 281,448 23.7 513,450 43.2
Missouri 675,185 27.7 697,073 28.6 555,562 22.8 507,086 20.8
Montana 54,307 13.2 111,127 27.0 124,408 30.3 121,364 29.5
Nebraska 240,809 33.0 213,765 29.3 168,874 23.2 105,384 14.5
Nevada 416,954 36.3 278,012 24.2 234,138 20.4 218,786 19.1
New Hampshire 164,425 29.7 199,059 36.0 98,303 17.8 91,696 16.6
New Jersey 828,099 23.1 1,023,105 28.6 884,789 24.7 846,853 23.6
New Mexico 136,142 16.7 213,096 26.1 180,579 22.1 287,500 35.2
New York 1,330,346 16.5 1,974,606 24.6 1,824,334 22.7 2,912,805 36.2
North Carolina 900,740 21.7 1,116,061 26.9 1,042,612 25.2 1,083,641 26.2
North Dakota 40,501 14.3 73,481 25.9 99,830 35.2 69,738 24.6
Ohio 1,347,318 28.8 1,371,986 29.4 991,699 21.2 960,301 20.6
Oklahoma 324,470 21.4 386,547 25.5 403,054 26.6 402,021 26.5
Oregon 416,986 25.1 480,927 29.0 420,415 25.3 341,220 20.6
Pennsylvania 1,136,852 21.8 1,727,968 33.1 1,211,822 23.2 1,146,625 22.0
Puerto Rico 30,026 2.1 111,953 7.9 259,388 18.2 1,021,279 71.8
Rhode Island 83,844 19.0 125,622 28.4 102,069 23.1 130,670 29.5
South Carolina 389,053 19.1 540,324 26.5 521,392 25.6 587,326 28.8
South Dakota 91,606 28.0 73,513 22.5 90,766 27.7 71,420 21.8
Tennessee 573,865 21.3 722,803 26.8 611,811 22.7 787,986 29.2
Texas 3,265,165 30.8 2,608,708 24.6 2,352,984 22.2 2,387,842 22.5
Utah 559,384 51.4 250,382 23.0 166,159 15.3 112,855 10.4
Vermont 36,741 14.1 80,331 30.9 88,738 34.2 53,851 20.7
Virginia 1,281,360 37.9 869,036 25.7 636,638 18.8 591,526 17.5
Washington 904,562 31.2 874,647 30.2 660,840 22.8 458,218 15.8
West Virginia 79,039 10.7 192,299 26.0 227,239 30.8 239,648 32.5
Wisconsin 636,130 27.8 799,851 35.0 486,087 21.3 363,402 15.9
Wyoming 59,313 27.1 70,468 32.2 54,942 25.1 34,031 15.6
Total 32,532,554 25.0 35,415,364 27.2 30,163,427 23.2 32,107,723 24.7

 

Table S5. GINI Index among Adults, By Sex at Birth and Area Of Residence, 2015–2019 5-Year ACS Estimates—Census Tract Level, United States and Puerto Rico
Gini index (%)
Total
<38 38.00–41.99 42.00–45.99 ≥46
Area of residence No. %c %d No. %c %d No. %c %d No. %c %d
Alabama 591,295 15.6 0.9 939,863 24.9 1.4 1,007,510 26.7 1.7 1,240,271 32.8 2.0
Alaska 183,140 33.3 0.3 171,038 31.1 0.2 136,207 24.8 0.2 59,480 10.8 0.1
Arizona 1,761,396 32.6 2.8 1,477,159 27.3 2.1 1,096,272 20.3 1.9 1,070,072 19.8 1.7
Arkansas 298,790 13.0 0.5 590,543 25.7 0.9 624,065 27.2 1.1 780,068 34.0 1.3
California 7,649,328 25.4 12.0 8,123,043 26.9 11.8 7,363,109 24.4 12.6 7,025,353 23.3 11.4
Colorado 1,554,244 35.9 2.4 1,082,127 25.0 1.6 894,093 20.6 1.5 799,827 18.5 1.3
Connecticut 580,924 20.6 0.9 833,505 29.5 1.2 686,041 24.3 1.2 722,825 25.6 1.2
Delaware 184,585 24.5 0.3 259,297 34.4 0.4 167,512 22.2 0.3 142,170 18.9 0.2
District of Columbia 37,633 6.7 0.1 74,175 13.1 0.1 128,539 22.8 0.2 324,493 57.4 0.5
Florida 3,506,951 21.0 5.5 4,878,727 29.2 7.1 3,851,438 23.1 6.6 4,455,459 26.7 7.2
Georgia 2,019,807 25.6 3.2 1,993,914 25.3 2.9 1,858,596 23.5 3.2 2,021,063 25.6 3.3
Hawaii 380,134 34.1 0.6 283,458 25.4 0.4 231,307 20.7 0.4 220,753 19.8 0.4
Idaho 336,806 26.4 0.5 372,953 29.2 0.5 313,496 24.6 0.5 253,348 19.8 0.4
Illinois 2,475,539 25.1 3.9 2,780,450 28.2 4.0 2,291,328 23.2 3.9 2,329,082 23.6 3.8
Indiana 1,748,822 34.4 2.7 1,460,101 28.7 2.1 1,019,938 20.1 1.7 857,549 16.9 1.4
Iowa 615,240 25.5 1.0 871,102 36.1 1.3 578,522 24.0 1.0 345,907 14.3 0.6
Kansas 718,136 32.6 1.1 698,075 31.7 1.0 487,518 22.2 0.8 295,853 13.5 0.5
Kentucky 653,691 19.0 1.0 793,105 23.1 1.1 908,366 26.5 1.6 1,078,946 31.4 1.7
Louisiana 314,716 8.8 0.5 720,799 20.3 1.0 990,814 27.9 1.7 1,530,497 43.0 2.5
Maine 230,315 21.3 0.4 301,612 27.8 0.4 295,886 27.3 0.5 255,181 23.6 0.4
Maryland 1,931,451 41.4 3.0 1,296,072 27.8 1.9 736,162 15.8 1.3 697,395 15.0 1.1
Massachusetts 1,001,447 18.3 1.6 1,445,136 26.4 2.1 1,593,561 29.1 2.7 1,432,533 26.2 2.3
Michigan 2,100,070 27.1 3.3 2,294,390 29.6 3.3 1,749,718 22.6 3.0 1,610,179 20.8 2.6
Minnesota 1,291,525 30.3 2.0 1,389,130 32.6 2.0 908,974 21.3 1.6 674,763 15.8 1.1
Mississippi 352,612 15.5 0.6 400,808 17.7 0.6 545,738 24.0 0.9 971,681 42.8 1.6
Missouri 1,321,617 28.0 2.1 1,352,290 28.6 2.0 1,080,037 22.9 1.8 969,329 20.5 1.6
Montana 108,580 13.2 0.2 223,065 27.1 0.3 247,578 30.1 0.4 242,438 29.5 0.4
Nebraska 479,604 33.3 0.7 420,588 29.2 0.6 331,871 23.1 0.6 207,008 14.4 0.3
Nevada 828,106 36.1 1.3 555,444 24.2 0.8 468,620 20.5 0.8 439,166 19.2 0.7
New Hampshire 329,996 30.3 0.5 388,144 35.7 0.6 190,772 17.5 0.3 179,248 16.5 0.3
New Jersey 1,613,858 23.4 2.5 1,979,987 28.7 2.9 1,697,218 24.6 2.9 1,613,569 23.4 2.6
New Mexico 266,634 16.6 0.4 416,438 26.0 0.6 354,548 22.1 0.6 565,457 35.3 0.9
New York 2,597,167 16.9 4.1 3,830,473 24.9 5.5 3,493,733 22.7 6.0 5,476,689 35.6 8.9
North Carolina 1,740,221 21.9 2.7 2,151,625 27.0 3.1 2,012,345 25.3 3.4 2,052,690 25.8 3.3
North Dakota 85,252 14.7 0.1 148,266 25.5 0.2 202,918 34.9 0.3 144,537 24.9 0.2
Ohio 2,634,380 29.1 4.1 2,663,079 29.5 3.9 1,906,368 21.1 3.3 1,837,838 20.3 3.0
Oklahoma 640,527 21.5 1.0 762,568 25.6 1.1 790,312 26.6 1.3 782,371 26.3 1.3
Oregon 827,668 25.4 1.3 942,958 28.9 1.4 824,630 25.3 1.4 666,604 20.4 1.1
Pennsylvania 2,229,213 22.1 3.5 3,373,100 33.4 4.9 2,326,628 23.0 4.0 2,172,564 21.5 3.5
Puerto Rico 55,211 2.1 0.1 209,171 7.8 0.3 489,623 18.4 0.8 1,914,038 71.7 3.1
Rhode Island 164,111 19.3 0.3 244,487 28.8 0.4 194,235 22.9 0.3 247,054 29.1 0.4
South Carolina 746,955 19.2 1.2 1,042,299 26.8 1.5 996,275 25.6 1.7 1,110,751 28.5 1.8
South Dakota 184,691 28.1 0.3 148,488 22.6 0.2 180,773 27.5 0.3 142,578 21.7 0.2
Tennessee 1,109,041 21.4 1.7 1,406,561 27.1 2.0 1,185,472 22.8 2.0 1,491,419 28.7 2.4
Texas 6,439,386 30.9 10.1 5,127,741 24.6 7.4 4,618,269 22.1 7.9 4,679,901 22.4 7.6
Utah 1,117,504 51.5 1.7 497,307 22.9 0.7 331,239 15.3 0.6 224,902 10.4 0.4
Vermont 72,549 14.3 0.1 157,535 31.0 0.2 172,811 34.0 0.3 104,764 20.6 0.2
Virginia 2,515,546 38.3 3.9 1,693,406 25.8 2.5 1,230,132 18.7 2.1 1,133,373 17.2 1.8
Washington 1,807,780 31.4 2.8 1,736,939 30.2 2.5 1,303,288 22.6 2.2 909,835 15.8 1.5
West Virginia 155,926 10.8 0.2 380,448 26.3 0.6 446,853 30.9 0.8 464,640 32.1 0.8
Wisconsin 1,265,834 28.1 2.0 1,585,494 35.2 2.3 949,712 21.1 1.6 707,600 15.7 1.1
Wyoming 121,231 27.3 0.2 144,668 32.5 0.2 111,281 25.0 0.2 67,473 15.2 0.1
Total 63,977,185 25.2 100 69,113,151 27.3 100 58,602,251 23.1 100 61,742,584 24.4 100

Abbreviations: ACS, American Community Survey; SDH, social determinants of health [footnotes only].

Note. Proportion of household income distribution within the census tract during the 12 months before the survey response.

a Percentage of male residents of area.
b Percentage of female residents of area.
c Percentage of residents of area.
d Percentage of SDH subpopulation total.

Table A. Diagnoses of HIV Infection among Adults, By Transmission Category, Race/Ethnicity, Sex at Birth, and Selected Social Determinants Of Health, 2019—Census Tract Level, United States and Puerto Rico
American Indian/Alaska Native
Male-to-male sexual contact Injection drug use Male-to-male sexual contact and injection drug use Heterosexual contactb
No. % No. % No. % No. %
Male
Below federal poverty level (%)
<6 10 14.4 0 0 2 17.2 0 6.3
6.00–10.99 14 19.4 1 7.7 1 9.4 3 51.6
11.00–17.99 17 23.5 1 20.0 3 20.3 0 1.6
≥18 31 42.7 5 72.3 7 53.1 3 40.6
Less than high school diploma (%)
<6 20 27.8 0 6.2 2 18.8 0 1.6
6.00–9.99 19 26.0 0 3.1 6 50.0 3 40.6
10.00–16.99 15 20.2 4 53.8 2 13.3 2 34.4
≥17 19 26.0 2 36.9 2 18.0 2 23.4
Median household income (U.S. $)
<44,000 28 39.3 5 81.5 6 49.2 2 31.3
44,000–58,999 17 23.8 0 6.2 1 7.8 1 21.9
59,000–80,999 15 20.3 0 6.2 4 33.6 3 40.6
≥81,000 12 16.6 0 6.2 1 9.4 0 6.3
Without health insurance (%)
<4 9 12.6 0 6.2 2 16.4 0 6.3
4.00–7.99 17 23.8 0 3.1 3 26