CDC at Work: Mycotic Diseases Branch

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About Us
Mycotic Diseases Branch Teams
Fungal Disease Outbreaks
International Activities
Publications

CDC’s lead group for preventing illness and death from fungal diseases in the United States and throughout the world.

About Us

The goal of CDC’s Mycotic Diseases Branch (MDB) is to prevent illness and death from fungal diseases. We are one of few public health groups in the world devoted to the prevention and control of fungal diseases. We work with partners to understand who gets fungal infections and why they get them by using epidemiology and microbiology research. We also investigate outbreaks and develop interventions to prevent fungal diseases.

Why fungal diseases are a public health problem: [PDF – 2 pages]:

Increasing number of people with weakened immune systems. Opportunistic infections such as cryptococcosis and aspergillosis affect cancer patients, organ transplant recipients, and people with HIV.
Advancements and changes in healthcare practices. Healthcare-associated infections such as candidemia are a major concern in the United States. Advancements and changes in healthcare practices can allow new and drug-resistant fungi to emerge in healthcare settings.
Changes in the environment. Fungi that live in soil or other parts of the natural environment cause diseases such as coccidioidomycosis (Valley fever) and histoplasmosis. Weather and climate changes may be affecting these types of fungi.

Learn more about why fungal diseases are a public health problem [PDF – 2 pages].

Mycotic Diseases Branch Teams

Our teams work together, along with domestic and international partners, to combat fungal diseases in the following ways:

Generate new information about fungal diseases and disease-causing fungi.
Respond quickly to fungal disease outbreaks and other emerging issues.
Conduct research.
Provide training and education about fungal diseases.

Epidemiology Team

Our epidemiologists:

Calculate the number of people who get sick from fungal diseases.
Track trends and patterns in how fungal diseases affect people.
Promote education and awareness about fungal diseases.
Develop and evaluate ways to prevent fungal diseases.
Help prepare healthcare facilities and laboratories in other countries to better detect and treat fungal diseases.

A woman reviewing a chart labeled, 'Mold Surveillance System Diagram'

Laboratory Team

Our laboratory staff:

Find and identify disease-causing fungi in patient and environmental specimens (laboratories: see specimen submission information for details).
Perform tests on certain specimens to see if they are resistant to antifungal medicines.
Research and develop new detection, diagnostic, and subtyping methods.
Use whole genome sequencing to study how and why certain fungi spread and make people sick.
Conduct a yearly mold identification training course in collaboration with the Association of Public Health Laboratories.
Help other domestic and international laboratories improve their abilities to test for certain fungi.

A scientist looking at a fungus sample through a microscope.

Data and Quality Team

Our data and quality staff:

Comprise a group with diverse professional backgrounds who work at the intersection of laboratory science and epidemiology. Staff includes bioinformaticians, data scientists, laboratorians, and epidemiologists.
Track the emergence and spread of fungal diseases by conducting molecular surveillance and genomic epidemiology.
Advance the use of genomics and metagenomics for detecting fungal pathogens and antifungal drug resistance.
Build data systems that link various data sources and allow for automated, more efficient data analysis and visualization.
Develop and implement quality management systems that promote data accuracy, consistent testing, safety, and efficient processes.

Fungal Disease Outbreaks

Fungal disease outbreaks are rare. An outbreak occurs when two or more people get sick from contact with the same source, sometimes in the same time or place. This can happen outdoors or in a health care setting, such as a hospital.

Detecting fungal outbreaks early is important so that the people affected can get the right treatment and so that health officials can prevent others from getting sick.

Learn more about fungal disease outbreaks.

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International Activities

Many people at risk for and suffering from fungal diseases live in limited-resource settings. These areas of the world often lack the laboratory infrastructure needed to diagnose fungal diseases, and limited availability of antifungal medications means that some patients may not have access to lifesaving treatments. CDC is working with partners to improve access to fungal diagnostics and antifungal medications around the globe.

Learn more about some fungal diseases in low-resource settings:

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Publications

Sharing scientific findings is an important part of the prevention and control of fungal diseases. Our branch is involved in producing numerous articles and papers that detail our research findings and investigations and provide reviews on important fungal topics.

Key Publications by Year

2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009

Li X, Muñoz JF, Gade L, Argimon S, Bougnoux ME, Bowers JR, et al. Comparing genomic variant identification protocols for Candida auris. Microb Genom. 2023 Apr.
Caceres DH, Rodriguez-Barradas MC, Whitaker M, Jackson BR, Kim L, Surie D, et al. Fungal Pathogens as Causes of Acute Respiratory Illness in Hospitalized Veterans: Frequency of Fungal Positive Test Results Using Rapid Immunodiagnostic Assays. Journal of Fungi. 2023
Yasinskaya Y, Bala S, Waack U, Dixon C, Higgins K, Moore JN, et al. Food and Drug Administration Public Workshop Summary-Development Considerations of Antifungal Drugs to Address Unmet Medical Need. Clin Infect Dis. 2023 Apr 6.
Gold JAW, Benedict K, Lockhart SR, Lipner SR. Epidemiology of tinea capitis causative species: an analysis of fungal culture results from a major U.S. national commercial laboratory. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2023 Mar 30.
Segaloff HE, Wu K, Shaw S, Klasen EM, Peterson L, Lindberg S, et al. Notes from the Field: Cluster of Blastomycosis Among Neighborhood Residents – St. Croix County, Wisconsin, 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2023 Mar 31.
Benedict K, Baggs J, Wolford H, Jackson BR, Gold JAW. Hospitalizations for Unspecified Mycoses in a Large Administrative Data Set and Implications for Fungal Disease Burden Estimates, United States, 2019-2021. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2023 Feb 24
Oladele RO, Jordan AM, Okaa JU, Osaigbovo II, Shettima SA, Shehu NY, et al. A multicenter survey of asymptomatic cryptococcal antigenemia among patients with advanced HIV disease in Nigeria. PLOS Glob Public Health. 2023 Jan 31.
Lyman M, Forsberg K, Sexton DJ, Chow NA, Lockhart SR, Jackson BR, Chiller T. Worsening Spread of Candida auris in the United States, 2019 to 2021. Ann Intern Med. 2023 Mar 21.
de Barros Rodrigues DK, Lockhart SR, Berkow EL, Gade L, Bonfietti LX, Mazo Fávero Gimenes V, et al. Whole-genome sequencing of Candida haemulonii species complex from Brazil and the United States: Genetic diversity and antifungal susceptibility. Med Mycol. 2023 Apr 3
Benedict K, Jackson BR, Toda M. Diagnosis codes for mold infections and mold exposure before and after Hurricane Harvey among a commercially insured population-Houston, Texas, 2016-2018. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2023 Mar 17.
Toda M, Williams S, Jackson BR, Wurster S, Serpa JA, Nigo M, et al. Invasive Mold Infections Following Hurricane Harvey-Houston, Texas. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2023 Feb 21.
Oboho IK, Paulin H, Corcoran C, Hamilton M, Jordan A, Kirking HL, et al. Modelling the impact of CD4 testing on mortality from TB and cryptococcal meningitis among patients with advanced HIV disease in nine countries. J Int AIDS Soc. 2023 Mar.
Gold JAW, Benedict K, Dulski TM, Lipner SR. Inadequate diagnostic testing and systemic antifungal prescribing for tinea capitis in an observational cohort study of 3.9 million children, United States. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2023 Feb 15.
Misas E, Deng JZ, Gold JAW, Gade L, Nunnally NS, Georgacopoulos O, et al. Genomic description of human clinical Aspergillus fumigatus isolates, California, 2020. Med Mycol. 2023 Feb 3.
Tharp B, Zheng R, Bryak G, Litvintseva AP, Hayden MK, Chowdhary A, et al. Role of Microbiota in the Skin Colonization of Candida auris. mSphere. 2023 Feb 21.
Georgacopoulos O, Nunnally N, Law D, Birch M, Berkow EL, Lockhart SR. In Vitro Activity of the Novel Antifungal Olorofim against Scedosporium and Lomentospora prolificans. Microbiol Spectr. 2023 Feb 14.
Pasqualotto AC, Queiroz-Telles F, Chebabo A, Leitao TMJS, Falci DR, Xavier MO, et al. The “Histoplasmosis Porto Alegre manifesto”-Addressing disseminated histoplasmosis in AIDS. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2023 Jan 5.
Monroy-Nieto J, Gade L, Benedict K, Etienne KA, Litvintseva AP, Bowers JR, et al. Genomic Epidemiology Linking Nonendemic Coccidioidomycosis to Travel. Emerg Infect Dis. 2023 Jan.
Waters A, Chommanard C, Baltozer S, Angel LC, Abdelfattah R, Lyman M, et al. Investigation of a Candida auris outbreak in a skilled nursing facility – Virginia, United States, October 2020-June 2021. Am J Infect Control. 2023 Apr.
Shapiro AE, Tenforde MW, Chiller TM, Ford N, Rajasingham R. An updated systematic review of HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis treatment strategies. HIV Med. 2023 Apr.
Gold JAW, Wu K, Jackson BR, Benedict K. Opportunities to improve guideline adherence for the diagnosis and treatment of onychomycosis: Analysis of commercial insurance claims data, United States. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2023 Mar.
Gold JAW, Ahmad FB, Cisewski JA, Rossen LM, Montero AJ, Benedict K, et al. Increased Deaths From Fungal Infections During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic-National Vital Statistics System, United States, January 2020-December 2021. Clin Infect Dis. 2023 Feb 8.

Bagal UR, Ireland M, Gross A, Fischer J, Bentz M, Berkow EL, et al. Molecular Epidemiology of Blastomyces gilchristii Clusters, Minnesota, USA. Emerg Infect Dis. 2022 Sep.
Gow NAR, Johnson C, Berman J, Coste AT, Cuomo CA, Perlin DS, et al. The importance of antimicrobial resistance in medical mycology. Nat Commun. 2022 Sep 12.
Williams SL, Chiller T. Update on the Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Coccidioidomycosis. J Fungi (Basel). 2022 Jun 25.
Benedict K, Gold JAW, Dietz S, Anjum S, Williamson PR, Jackson BR. Testing for Cryptococcosis at a Major Commercial Laboratory-United States, 2019-2021. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2022 May 16.
Caceres DH, Lindsley MD. Comparison of Immunodiagnostic Assays for the Rapid Diagnosis of Coccidioidomycosis in Dogs. J Fungi (Basel). 2022 Jul 13.
Bradley K, Le-Mahajan A, Morris B, Peritz T, Chiller T, Forsberg K, et al. Fatal Fungicide-Associated Triazole-Resistant Aspergillus fumigatus Infection, Pennsylvania, USA. Emerg Infect Dis. 2022 Sep.
Smith DJ, Williams SL; Endemic Mycoses State Partners Group, Benedict KM, Jackson BR, Toda M. Surveillance for Coccidioidomycosis, Histoplasmosis, and Blastomycosis – United States, 2019. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2022 Aug 19.
Litvintseva AP, Chow NA, Salah Z. The Association between Coccidioides immitis and Rodent Habitats in Washington State Remains Unresolved. mSphere. 2022 Aug 31.
Glowicz J, Benowitz I, Arduino MJ, Li R, Wu K, Jordan A, et al. Keeping health care linens clean: Underrecognized hazards and critical control points to avoid contamination of laundered health care textiles. Am J Infect Control. 2022 Oct.
Gold JAW, Tolu SS, Chiller T, Benedict K, Jackson BR. Incidence of Invasive Fungal Infections in Patients Initiating Ibrutinib and Other Small Molecule Kinase Inhibitors-United States, July 2016-June 2019. Clin Infect Dis. 2022 Aug 25.
Gandhi P, Benedict K, Toda M, Beer KD, Chiller TM, Jackson BR. Patient notification about suspected hospital-associated outbreaks of invasive mold infections: Considerations for public health and hospital personnel – CORRIGENDUM. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2022 Sep.
Gold JAW, Wu K, Jackson BR, Benedict K. Opportunities to improve guideline adherence for the diagnosis and treatment of onychomycosis: Analysis of commercial insurance claims data, United States. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2022 Jul 7.
González-Durán E, Contreras-Pérez CU, Caceres DH, Ríos-Rosas C, Piñón-Ortega JJ, Téllez-Saucedo MD, et al. The use of readily available laboratory tests for the identification of the emerging yeast Candida auris in Mexico. Arch Microbiol. 2022 Sep 2.
Caceres DH, Echeverri Tirado LC, Bonifaz A, Adenis A, Gomez BL, Flores CLB, et al. Current situation of endemic mycosis in the Americas and the Caribbean: Proceedings of the first international meeting on endemic mycoses of the Americas (IMEMA). Mycoses. 2022 Jul 30.
Cognialli R, Bloss K, Weiss I, Caceres DH, Davis R, Queiroz-Telles F. A lateral flow assay for the immunodiagnosis of human cat-transmitted sporotrichosis. Mycoses. 2022 Oct.
Rajasingham R, Govender NP, Jordan A, Loyse A, Shroufi A, Denning DW, et al. The global burden of HIV-associated cryptococcal infection in adults in 2020: a modelling analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2022 Aug 29.
Gómez LF, Gade L, Litvintseva AP, McEwen JG, Peláez CA, Arango M, et al. Comparison between Two Molecular Techniques: Nested and Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Targeting 100-kDa Hc Protein for Detection of Histoplasma capsulatum in Environmental Samples. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2022 Mar 14.
Shapiro AE, Tenforde MW, Chiller TM, Ford N, Rajasingham R. An updated systematic review of HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis treatment strategies. HIV Med. 2022 Sep 19.
Benedict K, Wu K, Gold JAW. Healthcare Provider Testing Practices for Tinea and Familiarity with Antifungal-Drug-Resistant Tinea-United States, 2022. J Fungi (Basel). 2022 Aug 9.
Meletiadis J, Andes DR, Lockhart SR, Ghannoum MA, Knapp CC, Ostrosky-Zeichner L, et al. Multicenter Collaborative Study of the Interaction of Antifungal Combinations against Candida Spp. by Loewe Additivity and Bliss Independence-Based Response Surface Analysis. J Fungi (Basel). 2022 Sep 16.
de Groot T, Spruijtenburg B, Parnell LA, Chow NA, Meis JF. Optimization and Validation of Candida auris Short Tandem Repeat Analysis. Microbiol Spectr. 2022 Oct 3.
Langfeldt A, Gold JAW, Chiller T. Emerging Fungal Infections: from the Fields to the Clinic, Resistant Aspergillus fumigatus and Dermatophyte Species: a One Health Perspective on an Urgent Public Health Problem. Curr Clin Microbiol Rep. 2022 Sep 27.
Lockhart SR, Lyman MM, Sexton DJ. Tools for detecting a “superbug”: updates on Candida auris testing. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 2022 Jan 5.
Escandón P, Cáceres DH, Lizarazo D, Lockhart SR, Lyman M, Duarte C. Laboratory-based surveillance of Candida auris in Colombia, 2016-2020. Mycoses. 2022 Feb.
Benedict K, Whitham HK, Jackson BR. Economic Burden of Fungal Diseases in the United States. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2022 Mar 23.
Cáceres DH, Gómez BL, Tobón ÁM, Chiller TM, Lindsley MD. Evaluation of OIDx Histoplasma Urinary Antigen EIA. Mycopathologia. 2022 Feb.
Benedict K, Singleton AL, Jackson BR, Molinari NAM. Survey of incidence, lifetime prevalence, and treatment of self-reported vulvovaginal candidiasis, United States, 2020. BMC Womens Health. 2022 May 10.
Gandhi P, Malone L, Williams S, Hall C, Short K, Benedict K, et al. Perceptions, knowledge, and communication preferences about indoor mold and its health implications among persons affected by Hurricane Harvey: a focus group analysis. BMC Public Health. 2022 Jun 15.
Gold JAW, Ahmad FB, Cisewski JA, Rossen LM, Montero AJ, Benedict K, et al. Increased deaths from fungal infections during the COVID-19 pandemic-National Vital Statistics System, United States, January 2020-December 2021. Clin Infect Dis. 2022 Jun 19.
Larson B, Shroufi A, Muthoga C, Oladele R, Rajasingham R, Jordan A, et al. Induction-phase treatment costs for cryptococcal meningitis in high HIV-burden African countries: New opportunities with lower costs. Wellcome Open Res. 2022 Mar 29.
Seagle EE, Jackson BR, Lockhart SR, Georgacopoulos O, Nunnally NS, Roland J, et al. The Landscape of Candidemia During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic. Clin Infect Dis. 2022 Mar 9.
Hepler SA, Kaufeld KA, Benedict K, Toda M, Jackson BR, Liu X, et al. Integrating Public Health Surveillance and Environmental Data to Model Presence of Histoplasma in the United States. Epidemiology. 2022 May 5.
Wurster S, Paraskevopoulos T, Toda M, Jiang Y, Tarrand JJ, Williams S, et al. Invasive mould infections in patients from floodwater-damaged areas after hurricane Harvey – a closer look at an immunocompromised cancer patient population. J Infect. 2022 May.
Castelo-Branco D, Lockhart SR, Chen YC, Santos DA, Hagen F, Hawkins NJ, et al. Collateral consequences of agricultural fungicides on pathogenic yeasts: A One Health perspective to tackle azole resistance. Mycoses. 2022 Mar.
Benedict K, Lyman M, Jackson BR. Possible misdiagnosis, inappropriate empiric treatment, and opportunities for increased diagnostic testing for patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis-United States, 2018. PLoS One. 2022 Apr 28.
Bagal UR, Phan J, Welsh RM, Misas E, Wagner D, Gade L, et al. MycoSNP: A Portable Workflow for Performing Whole-Genome Sequencing Analysis of Candida auris. Methods Mol Biol. 2022.
Gold JAW, Revis A, Thomas S, Perry L, Blakney RA, Chambers T, et al. Clinical Characteristics, Health Care Utilization, and Outcomes Among Patients in a Pilot Surveillance System for Invasive Mold Disease-Georgia, United States, 2017-2019. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2022 Apr 21.

Karmarkar E, O’Donnell K, Prestel C, Forsberg K, Gade L, Jain S, et al. Rapid Assessment and Containment of Candida auris Transmission in Postacute Care Settings—Orange County, California, 2019. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2021 September 7.
Torres Fuentes CE, Rodríguez Mantilla IE, Cáceres DNG, Camargo Gonzalez DF. Red Blood Cell Transfusion and its Relationship with Pedicle Thrombosis in Microvascular Free Flaps. Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery. 2021 September 2.
Wanga V, Chevinsky JR, Dimitrov LV, Gerdes ME, Whitfield GP, Bonacci RA, et al. Long-Term Symptoms Among Adults Tested for SARS-CoV-2 – United States, January 2020-April 2021. MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2021 September 10.
Forno D, Samayoa B, Medina N, Arathoon E, Mejia CR, Gordillo R, et al. Diagnosis of fungal opportunistic infections in people living with HIV from Guatemala and El Salvador. Mycoses. 2021 September 18.
Cáceres DH, Gómez BL, Tobón ÁM, Minderman M, Bridges N, Chiller T, et al. Validation and Concordance Analysis of a New Lateral Flow Assay for Detection of Histoplasma Antigen in Urine. Journal of Fungi. 2021 September 24.
Leinert JL, Weichert S, Jordan AJ, Adam R. Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Infection in Children: Influence of Antibiotic Therapy on Postconvalescent Excretion and Clinical Course-A Systematic Review. Antibiotics (Basel). 2021 September 29.
Jordan A, Sivapalan P, Eklöf, J, Vestergaard JB, Meteran H, Saeed MI, et al. The Association between Use of ICS and Psychiatric Symptoms in Patients with COPD-A Nationwide Cohort Study of 49,500 Patients. Biomedicines. 2021 October 18.
Mak G, Lau S, Wong K, Chow N, Lau CS, Lam E, et al. Comparison of analytical sensitivity of the eight rapid antigen detection kits for detecting SARS-CoV-2 virus. Journal of clinical virology: the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology. 2021 October 2.
Tinker SC, Szablewski CM, Litvintseva AP, Drenzek C, Voccio GE, Hunter MA, et al. Point-of-Care Antigen Test for SARS-CoV-2 in Asymptomatic College Students. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2021 October.
scandón P, Cáceres DH, Lizarazo D, Lockhart SR, Lyman M, Duarte C. Laboratory-based surveillance of Candida auris in Colombia, 2016-2020. Mycoses. 2021 Nov 3
Chow NA, Kangiser D, Gade L, McCotter OZ, Hurst S, Salamone A, et al. Factors Influencing Distribution of Coccidioides immitis in Soil, Washington State, 2016. mSphere. 2021 Nov 3.
Castelo-Branco D, Lockhart SR, Chen YC, Santos DA, Hagen F, Hawkins NK, et al. Collateral consequences of agricultural fungicides on pathogenic yeasts: a One Health perspective to tackle azole resistance. Mycoses. 2021 Nov 25.
Cáceres DH, Gómez BL, Tobón ÁM, Chiller TM, Lindsley MD. Evaluation of OIDx Histoplasma Urinary Antigen EIA. Mycopathologia. 2021 Nov 20.
Arastehfar A, Marcet-Houben M, Daneshnia F, Taj-Aldeen SJ, Batra D, Lockhart SR, et al. Comparative genomic analysis of clinical Candida glabrata isolates identifies multiple polymorphic loci that can improve existing multilocus sequence typing strategy. Studies in Mycology. 2021 September.
Benedict K, Tsay S, Bartoces M, Vallabhaneni S, Jackson B, Hicks L. Outpatient antifungal prescribing patterns in the United States, 2018. Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare Epidemiology. 2021 December 22.
Karmarkar E, Lyman M, Jackson BR. Candida auris: Coming Soon to a Facility Near You. Contagion. 2021 December 21
Gold JAW, Tolu SS, Chiller T, Benedict K, Jackson BR. Incidence of Invasive Fungal Infections in Patients Initiating Ibrutinib and other Small Molecule Kinase Inhibitors – United States, July 2016-June 2019. Clinical Infectious Disease. 2021 Dec 10
Baddley JW, Thompson GR 3rd, Chen SC, White PL, Johnson MD, Nguyen MH, et al. Coronavirus Disease 2019-Associated Invasive Fungal Infection. Open Forum Infectious Diseases. 2021 Nov 16
Gandhi P, Benedict K, Toda M, Beer KD, Chiller TM, Jackson BR. Patient notification about suspected hospital-associated outbreaks of invasive mold infections: Considerations for public health and hospital personnel – CORRIGENDUM. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology. 2021 Nov 12
Yang DH, England MR, Salvator H, Anjum S, Park YD, Marr KA, et all. Cryptococcus gattii Species Complex as an Opportunistic Pathogen: Underlying Medical Conditions Associated with the Infection. mBio. 2021 Oct 26
Narayanasamy S, Dat VQ, Thanh NT, Ly VT, Chan JF, Yuen KY, et al. A global call for talaromycosis to be recognised as a neglected tropical disease. Lancet Glob Health. 2021 Nov.
Al Dallal HA, Narayanan S, Jones CM, Lockhart SR, Snyder JW. First Case Report of an Unusual Fungus (Sporopachydermia lactativora) Associated with a Pulmonary Infection in a Drug Injection User. Clinical Pathology. 2021 Jul 12
Baddley JW, Chen SC, Huisingh C, Benedict K, DeBess EE, Galanis E, et al. MSG07: An International Cohort Study Comparing Epidemiology and Outcomes of Patients with Cryptococcus neoformans or Cryptococcus gattii infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2021 Mar 27
Benedict K, Li Y, Molinari NAM, Jackson BR. Healthcare Providers’ Testing Practices for Coccidioidomycosis and Histoplasmosis in Patients with Community-Acquired Pneumonia – United States, 2020. Open Forum Infectious Diseases. 2021 Jan 18
Benedict K, Williams S, Beekmann SE, Polgreen PM, Jackson BR, Toda M. Testing Practices for Fungal Respiratory Infections and SARS-CoV-2 among Infectious Disease Specialists, United States. Journal of Fungi. 2021 Jul 27.
Bentz ML, Nunnally N, Lockhart SR, Sexton DJ, Berkow EL. Antifungal activity of nikkomycin Z against Candida auris. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2021 Mar 3
Benedict K, Toda M, Jackson BR. Revising conventional wisdom about histoplasmosis in the United States. Open Forum Infectious Diseases. 2021 Jun 10
Bentz ML, Nunnally N, Lockhart SR, Sexton DJ, Berkow EL. Antifungal activity of nikkomycin Z against Candida auris. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2021 Mar 3
Caceres DH, Arauz AB, Flores C, Santiago E, Montoya S, Carlos Saenz, et al. Implementation of Rapid Diagnostics Assays for Detection of Histoplasmosis and Cryptococcosis in Central American People Living with HIV. Mycoses: Diagnosis, Therapy, and Prophylaxis of Fungal Diseases. 2021 May 9
Carey A, Gorris ME, Chiller T, Jackson B, Beadles W, Webb BJ. Epidemiology, Clinical Features, and Outcomes of Coccidioidomycosis, Utah, 2006-2015. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2021 September.
de Perio MA, Benedict K, Williams SL, Niemeier-Walsh C, Green BJ, Coffey C, et al. Occupational Histoplasmosis: Epidemiology and Prevention Measures. J Fungi (Basel). 2021 Jun 26
Dobos RR, Benedict K, Jackson BR, McCotter OZ. Using soil survey data to model potential Coccidioides soil habitat and inform Valley fever epidemiology. PLOS ONE. 2021 Feb 19
Etienne KA, Berkow EL, Gade L, Nunnally N, Lockhart SR, Beer K, et al. Genomic Diversity of Azole-Resistant Aspergillus fumigatus in the United States. mBio. 2021 Aug 10.
Gandhi P, Benedict K, Toda M, Beer KD, Chiller TM, Jackson BR. Patient notification about suspected hospital-associated outbreaks of invasive mold infections: Considerations for public health and hospital personnel. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2021 Jun 10
Gavilanes‐Martínez MA, Garzón AC, Cáceres DH, and García AM. Antifungal Activity of Boric Acid, Triclosan and Zinc Oxide Against Different Clinically Relevant Candida Species. Mycoses: Diagnosis, Therapy, and Prophylaxis of Fungal Diseases. 2021 May 10
Georgacopoulos O, Nunnally NS, Ransom EM, Law D, Birch M, Lockhart SR, et al. In Vitro Activity of Novel Antifungal Olorofim against Filamentous Fungi and Comparison to Eight Other Antifungal Agents. J Fungi (Basel). 2021 May 12
Gold JAW, Jackson BR, Glowicz J, Mead KR, Beer KD. Surveillance practices and air-sampling strategies to address healthcare-associated invasive mold infections in Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) Research Network hospitals-United States, 2020. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2021 Jul 16
Gold JAW, Kiernan E, Yeh M, Jackson BR, Benedict K. Health Care Utilization and Outcomes Associated with Accidental Poisonous Mushroom Ingestions – United States, 2016-2018. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021 Mar 12
Gold JAW, Seagle EE, Nadle J, Barter DM, Czaja CA, Johnston H, et al. Treatment Practices for Adults with Candidemia at Nine Active Surveillance Sites – United States, 2017-2018. Clin Infect Dis. 2021 Jun 3
Huang X, Welsh RM, Deming C, Proctor DM, Thomas PJ, NISC Comparative Sequencing Program, et al. Skin Metagenomic Sequence Analysis of Early Candida auris Outbreaks in U.S. Nursing Homes. mSphere. 2021 Aug 4.
Izco S, Murias-Closas A, Jordan AM, Greene G, Catorze N, Chiconela H, et al. Improved Detection and Management of Advanced HIV Disease Through A Community Adult TB-Contact Tracing Intervention with Same-Day Provision of the WHO-Recommended Package of Care Including ART Initiation in a Rural District of Mozambique. Journal of the International AIDS Society. 2021 Aug 4
Kanwar A, Jordan A, Olewiler S, Wehberg K, Cortes M, Jackson BR. A Fatal Case of Rhizopus azygosporus Pneumonia Following COVID-19. Journal of Fungi. 2021 Feb 28
Karmarkar E, O’Donnell K, Prestel C, Forsberg K, Gade L, Jain S, et al. Rapid Assessment and Containment of Candida auris Transmission in Postacute Care Settings—Orange County, California, 2019. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2021 September 7.
Lockhart SR, Bialek R, Kibbler CC, Cuenca-Estrella M, Jensen HE, Kontoyiannis DP. Molecular Techniques for Genus and Species Determination of Fungi From Fresh and Paraffin-Embedded Formalin-Fixed Tissue in the Revised EORTC/MSGERC Definitions of Invasive Fungal Infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2021 Mar 12
Lockhart SR, Toda M, Benedict K, Caceres DH, Litvintseva AP. Endemic and Other Dimorphic Mycoses in the Americas. Journal of Fungi. 2021
Lyman M, Forsberg K, Reuben J, Dang T, Free R, Seagle EE, et al. Notes from the Field: Transmission of Pan-Resistant and Echinocandin-Resistant Candida auris in Health Care Facilities – Texas and the District of Columbia, January-April 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021 Jul 23
Lysen C, Silva-Flannery L, Zaki SR, Gary JM, Lockhart SR. Performance evaluation of fungal DNA PCR amplification from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue for diagnosis; experience of a tertiary reference laboratory. Mycoses. 2021 Feb 2
Naicker SD, Maphanga TG, Chow NA, Allam M, Kwenda S, Ismail A, et al. Clade distribution of Candida auris in South Africa using whole genome sequencing of clinical and environmental isolates. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2021 Jun 28
Natarajan P, Lockhart SR, Basavaraju SV, Anjan S, Lindsley MD, McGrath MM, et al. Donor-derived Cryptococcus gattii sensu stricto infection in two kidney transplant recipients, southeastern United States. Am J Transplant. 2021 Jun 26
Nunnally NS, Damm T, Lockhart SR, Berkow EL. Categorizing susceptibility of clinical isolates of Candida auris to amphotericin B, caspofungin, and fluconazole utilizing the CLSI M44-A2 disk diffusion method. J Clin Microbiol. 2021 Jan 6
Perez F, Caceres DH, Ford N, Ravasi G, Gomez BL, Pasqualotto AC, et al. Summary of Guidelines for Managing Histoplasmosis among People Living with HIV. J Fungi (Basel). 2021 Feb 12
Prestel C, Anderson E, Forsberg K, Lyman M, de Perio MA, Kuhar D, et al. Candida auris outbreak in a COVID-19 specialty care unit — Florida, July–August 2020. MMWR. 2021 Jan 8
Proctor DM, Dangana T, Sexton DJ, Fukuda C, Yelin RD, Stanley M, et al. Integrated genomic, epidemiologic investigation of Candida auris skin colonization in a skilled nursing facility. Nat Med. 2021 Jun 21
Seagle EE, Jackson BR, Lockhart SR, Georgacopoulos O, Nunnally NS, Roland J, et al. The landscape of candidemia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Clin Infect Dis. 2021 Jun 18.
Seagle EE, Williams SL, Chiller TM. Recent Trends in the Epidemiology of Fungal Infections. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2021 Jun
Sexton DJ, Bentz ML, Welsh RM, Derado G, Furin W, Rose LJ, et al. Positive correlation between Candida auris skin-colonization burden and environmental contamination at a ventilator-capable skilled nursing facility in Chicago. Clin Infect Dis. 2021 May 12
Toda M, Beer KD, Kuivila KM, Chiller TM, Jackson BR. Trends in Agricultural Triazole Fungicide Use in the United States, 1992-2016 and Possible Implications for Antifungal-Resistant Fungi in Human Disease. Environ Health Perspect. 2021 May 5
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