Important update: Healthcare facilities
CDC has updated select ways to operate healthcare systems effectively in response to COVID-19 vaccination. Learn more
UPDATE
Given new evidence on the B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant, CDC has updated the guidance for fully vaccinated people. CDC recommends universal indoor masking for all teachers, staff, students, and visitors to K-12 schools, regardless of vaccination status. Children should return to full-time in-person learning in the fall with layered prevention strategies in place.
UPDATE
The White House announced that vaccines will be required for international travelers coming into the United States, with an effective date of November 8, 2021. For purposes of entry into the United States, vaccines accepted will include FDA approved or authorized and WHO Emergency Use Listing vaccines. More information is available here.
UPDATE
Travel requirements to enter the United States are changing, starting November 8, 2021. More information is available here.

Risk for COVID-19 Infection, Hospitalization, and Death By Race/Ethnicity

Risk for COVID-19 Infection, Hospitalization, and Death By Race/Ethnicity
Updated June 24, 2022
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Race and ethnicity are risk markers for other underlying conditions that impact health
Rate ratios compared to White, Non-Hispanic persons American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic persons Asian, Non-Hispanic persons Black or African American, Non-Hispanic persons Hispanic or Latino persons
Cases1 1.5x 0.8x 1.1x 1.5x
Hospitalization2 3.0x 0.8x 2.3x 2.2x
Death3, 4 2.1x 0.8x 1.7x 1.8x

Race and ethnicity are risk markers for other underlying conditions that affect health, including socioeconomic status, access to health care, and exposure to the virus related to occupation, e.g., frontline, essential, and critical infrastructure workers.

Note: Adjusting by age is important because risk of infection, hospitalization, and death is different by age, and age distribution differs by racial and ethnic group. If the effect of age is not accounted for, racial and ethnic disparities can be underestimated or overestimated.

Footnotes

1 Data Source: Data reported by state and territorial jurisdictions (accessed June 22, 2022). Numbers are ratios of age-adjusted rates standardized to the 2019 U.S. intercensal population estimate. Calculations use only the 66% of case reports that have race and ethnicity; this can result in inaccurate estimates of the relative risk among groups.

2 Data source: COVID-NET (March 1, 2020 through June 11, 2022). Numbers are ratios of age-adjusted rates standardized to the 2020 US standard COVID-NET catchment population. Starting the week ending 12/4/2021, Maryland temporarily halted data transmission of COVID-19 associated hospitalizations, impacting COVID-NET age-adjusted and cumulative rate calculations. Hospitalization rates are likely underestimated (link). As of June 11, 2022, this situation remains unchanged.

3 Data Source: National Center for Health Statistics provisional death counts (https://data.cdc.gov/NCHS/Provisional-Death-Counts-for-Coronavirus-Disease-C/pj7m-y5uh, data through May 29, 2022). Numbers are ratios of age-adjusted rates standardized to the 2019 U.S. intercensal population estimate.

4 Data on COVID-19 deaths comes from the National Vital Statistics System (NVSS). The NVSS COVID-19 surveillance webpages and data file updates are paused between June 6, 2022 through June 21, 2022. COVID-19 data updates are expected to resume on June 22, 2022.