Table 4.1a: Separation of mother & infant during postpartum transition by facility type, size, NICU level, and region
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC) -- 2015
	How many minutes are mothers & infants separated following vaginal birth in transition to recovery room
	No separation	<30 minutes	31-60 minutes	61-90 minutes	>90 minutes	N
All	79.9	5.7	7.6	2.4	4.4	2482
Type of facility
Birth center	98.2	1.8	0	0	0	168
Government hospital	75.4	8.2	7.1	2.4	6.9	463
Non-profit hospital	82.3	5.4	7.3	2.2	2.8	1523
Private hospital	63.3	5.8	14.6	4.9	11.4	308
Military hospital	100	0	0	0	0	20
Teaching hospital
Yes	85.9	2.6	4.7	2.1	4.7	191
No	77.9	6.3	8.5	2.6	4.8	2123
Size of facility
1-249	80.3	11.4	5.3	1.4	1.6	569
250-499	79	7.4	6.3	2.6	4.8	461
500-999	73.8	5	11.3	4	5.9	477
1000-1999	80.4	1.9	10.9	2.1	4.7	485
2000-4999	84.8	2.3	5	2	5.9	440
5000 or more	92	0	2	2	4	50
Level of Neonatal Care
Healthy newborn only	80.3	8.7	6.2	2.2	2.5	1113
Level 2 special care	77.4	4.4	10.5	2.3	5.4	742
Level 3 NICU	81.4	1.7	7.2	2.6	7.1	538
Level 4 Regional NICU	85.4	3.4	3.4	3.4	4.5	89
Census region
Pacific	90.3	3.6	3.3	1.5	1.2	329
Mountain	84.6	9	5.6	0.4	0.4	234
West North Central	84.1	10.2	5.1	0.3	0.3	333
East North Central	87.8	5.2	5	1	1	403
West South Central	71.3	3.5	9.5	4.4	11.4	317
East South Central	55.4	3.2	19.7	8.3	13.4	157
New England	90.8	5.8	3.3	0	0	120
Middle Atlantic	68.5	7.9	12	3.7	7.9	216
South Atlantic	75.9	3.8	9.9	3.5	7	373

Table 4.2a: Separation of mother & infant at night by facility type, size, NICU level, and region
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC) -- 2015
	How many hours are breastfeeding mother-infant pairs separated at night
	No separation	1-2 hours	3-4 hours	5-7 hours	8 or more hours	N
All	87.7	6.3	3.1	2.5	0.4	2473
Type of facility
Birth center	100	0	0	0	0	169
Government hospital	84.5	9.2	3.5	2.4	0.4	459
Non-profit hospital	87.5	6.1	3.4	2.8	0.3	1519
Private hospital	85.9	6.5	2.9	3.3	1.3	306
Military hospital	100	0	0	0	0	20
Teaching hospital
Yes	92.2	3.6	2.6	1.6	0	192
No	86.3	7	3.4	2.8	0.5	2112
Size of facility
1-249	88.8	6.7	2.5	1.6	0.4	565
250-499	85.6	6.5	2.6	4.6	0.7	459
500-999	85.3	7.4	4.4	1.9	1.1	476
1000-1999	88.6	5.6	3.5	2.3	0	484
2000-4999	89.7	5.5	2.3	2.5	0	439
5000 or more	90	2	4	4	0	50
Level of Neonatal Care
Healthy newborn only	87.9	6.3	2.9	2.4	0.5	1108
Level 2 special care	85.9	7.4	3.2	2.7	0.7	739
Level 3 NICU	89.4	5	3.2	2.4	0	537
Level 4 Regional NICU	89.9	3.4	3.4	3.4	0	89
Census region
Pacific	95.5	3.6	0.3	0.3	0.3	331
Mountain	95.3	3	0.4	0.9	0.4	233
West North Central	84.8	5.5	4.2	5.5	0	330
East North Central	86.4	6.4	3.7	3.2	0.2	404
West South Central	86.6	8.9	1.9	1.3	1.3	313
East South Central	76.3	13.5	5.1	3.8	1.3	156
New England	85	10.8	2.5	1.7	0	120
Middle Atlantic	82.9	5.5	7.4	4.1	0	217
South Atlantic	89.4	4.9	3.3	2.2	0.3	369

Table 4.3a: Rooming in at least 23 hours a day by facility type, size, NICU level, and region
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC) -- 2015
	What percent of healthy full-term infants room with their mothers at least 23 hours a day
	<10%	10-49%	50-89%	90% or more	N
All	21.1	13	11.2	54.8	2401
Type of facility
Birth center	0.6	0	0	99.4	169
Government hospital	24.4	11.3	10.6	53.7	443
Non-profit hospital	21.2	15	13	50.8	1473
Private hospital	28.4	13.2	10.1	48.3	296
Military hospital	5	5	5	85	20
Teaching hospital
Yes	17.3	17.8	14.6	50.3	185
No	23.1	13.6	11.8	51.5	2047
Size of facility
1-249	17.9	8.7	8.9	64.5	552
250-499	22.9	13.8	9.9	53.4	436
500-999	25.6	15.1	9.9	49.4	464
1000-1999	22.9	12	12.6	52.6	468
2000-4999	17.1	14.8	15.5	52.7	433
5000 or more	14.6	27.1	10.4	47.9	48
Level of Neonatal Care
Healthy newborn only	20.2	10.6	8.9	60.2	1073
Level 2 special care	23.2	14.7	11.3	50.7	714
Level 3 NICU	20.7	15.6	14.1	49.6	526
Level 4 Regional NICU	15.9	11.4	20.5	52.3	88
Census region
Pacific	6.4	3.3	5.2	85.1	329
Mountain	8.9	8	8	75	224
West North Central	23.7	18.6	15.1	42.6	317
East North Central	23.7	15	17.6	43.8	393
West South Central	22.6	11.8	11.1	54.4	305
East South Central	44.5	21.2	8.2	26	146
New England	18.6	11.9	14.4	55.1	118
Middle Atlantic	29.2	18.4	17	35.4	212
South Atlantic	22.1	12.3	5	60.5	357

Table 4.4a: Reasons for removing healthy full-term breastfed infants from mother's room by facility type, size, NICU level, and region
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC) -- 2015
	Pediatric rounds	Change of shift	Visiting hours	Hearing test	Heel stick	Infant photos	Infant's bath	Mother bathing	Mother out of room	N
All	39.5	7.2	0.9	68.8	71.3	24.5	47.9	36.7	63.3	2493
Type of facility
Birth center	0	0	0	25	40	0	40	40	20	169
Government hospital	40.7	7.5	1	74.3	72.2	33.9	54.5	40.9	69.1	463
Non-profit hospital	36.2	6.1	0.6	68.8	70.4	22.4	44.1	35.4	62	1532
Private hospital	58	13.1	1.9	59.9	74.2	22.3	60.2	39.9	65	309
Military hospital	15.8	0	0	84.2	78.9	17.6	15.8	0	26.3	20
Teaching hospital
Yes	26.3	2.7	0	50.3	51.3	3.9	31.7	27.6	56.9	192
No	40.9	7.6	0.9	70.7	73.3	26.5	49.4	37.6	64.1	2132
Size of facility
1-249	34.1	4.4	1.2	92.1	86.4	48.8	64.3	57.2	80.2	571
250-499	48	7.9	0.8	88.3	83.2	42.4	54.1	42.6	69.6	463
500-999	46.3	11.3	1.6	72.7	77.1	27.8	49.5	34.5	63.9	479
1000-1999	38.3	8.1	0.2	60.7	64.6	9.2	40.4	29	55.2	488
2000-4999	31.1	3.9	0.7	38.3	51	2.5	36.8	25.3	52.5	442
5000 or more	28.6	2	0	34.7	42.9	4.1	22.9	28.6	51.1	50
Level of Neonatal Care
Healthy newborn only	40.5	6.5	1	85.5	81.4	40	55.8	43.4	69.9	1116
Level 2 special care	40.8	10.2	1	69	73.9	21.8	47.7	35.3	62.6	747
Level 3 NICU	37.3	5	0.6	46.1	55.3	6	37.8	29.6	56.1	540
Level 4 Regional NICU	33.7	2.3	0	37.2	44.2	3.6	30.6	24.4	48.2	90
Census region
Pacific	14.5	1.7	0	51.2	55.9	12.2	28.6	23.3	43.9	332
Mountain	25.1	1.2	0.6	63.7	64.7	17.9	50.3	33.7	62.7	234
West North Central	40.1	5.4	0.3	87.2	81.3	39.1	55.4	51.5	75.4	335
East North Central	36.4	2.4	0.5	78.3	78	30.2	41.2	37.1	64.2	406
West South Central	48.6	11.4	0.8	54.3	71	22.8	55.9	35.2	59.2	317
East South Central	79.1	20.7	1.4	70.7	81.1	40.8	74.3	43.8	77.2	157
New England	13.4	1.8	0	74.3	65.5	6.6	30.6	28.6	58.2	120
Middle Atlantic	52.4	11.8	0.5	72.9	71.5	15.7	46.4	43.3	71.8	218
South Atlantic	44.8	11.4	2.9	61.8	66.6	21.9	50.3	30.5	59.2	374

Table 4.5a: Nighttime feedings for non-rooming-in infants by facility type, size, NICU level, and region
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC) -- 2015
	How many breastfeeding infants who do not room-in are brought to the mother for breastfeeding at night
	Few	Some	Many	Most	Not sure	NA-all room in	N
All	1	1.9	5.1	48.5	0.5	42.9	2118
Type of facility
Birth center	0	0	0	40	0	60	5
Government hospital	1.2	2.2	4	48.9	0.2	43.5	405
Non-profit hospital	1	1.6	5.8	48.8	0.6	42.3	1419
Private hospital	1.1	3	4.1	50.2	0.7	41	271
Military hospital	0	0	0	0	0	100	18
Teaching hospital
Yes	0	4.3	8.1	40	0	47.6	185
No	1.1	1.7	4.9	49.4	0.6	42.4	1928
Size of facility
1-249	1.2	0.9	3.2	55.2	0	39.6	346
250-499	0.7	2	3.4	52.9	1.2	39.8	410
500-999	1.1	1.4	5.6	47.7	0.5	43.7	444
1000-1999	1.3	1.7	3.7	45.5	0.7	47.1	459
2000-4999	0.7	3.4	9	43.6	0.2	43.1	411
5000 or more	2.1	2.1	10.4	41.7	0	43.8	48
Level of Neonatal Care
Healthy newborn only	1.2	1.2	3.2	49	0.5	44.9	841
Level 2 special care	0.7	1.5	5.4	51.3	0.6	40.5	682
Level 3 NICU	1.2	3.1	7.7	46	0.6	41.5	509
Level 4 Regional NICU	1.2	4.7	7	37.2	0	50	86
Census region
Pacific	2.9	0.8	1.2	15.3	0	79.8	242
Mountain	0	1.8	3.7	32.9	0.6	61	164
West North Central	1	1	5.3	70.3	0	22.4	303
East North Central	0.5	2.4	4.7	61.6	0.5	30.3	380
West South Central	0.4	1.2	5.7	45.5	0.4	46.7	244
East South Central	0.7	6.7	5.3	67.3	0.7	19.3	150
New England	0	0.9	4.5	44.6	0.9	49.1	112
Middle Atlantic	1	2.9	10.7	53.7	1.5	30.2	205
South Atlantic	1.9	0.9	5.3	37.1	0.6	54.1	318