Table 3.1a: Documentation of infant feeding decisions by facility type, size, NICU level, and region
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC) -- 2015
	How often infant feeding decisions are documented in medical records
	Rarely	Sometimes	Often	Almost always	Not sure	N
All	0.2	0.1	1.4	98	0.4	2489
Type of facility
Birth center	1.8	0	0.6	96.4	1.2	167
Government hospital	0	0.4	2.4	97	0.2	463
Non-profit hospital	0.1	0	1	98.6	0.3	1530
Private hospital	0	0	2.3	97.4	0.3	309
Military hospital	0	0	5	95	0	20
Teaching hospital
Yes	0	0.5	4.2	95.3	0	192
No	0	0	1.3	98.3	0.3	2130
Size of facility
1-249	0.5	0	1.9	97	0.5	569
250-499	0	0	0.9	98.7	0.4	462
500-999	0	0.2	1.5	97.7	0.6	479
1000-1999	0.2	0	1	98.6	0.2	488
2000-4999	0	0.2	2	97.7	0	441
5000 or more	0	0	0	100	0	50
Level of Neonatal Care
Healthy newborn only	0.3	0	1.6	97.6	0.5	1113
Level 2 special care	0.1	0.1	0.8	98.7	0.3	746
Level 3 NICU	0	0.2	1.5	98.1	0.2	540
Level 4 Regional NICU	0	0	4.4	95.6	0	90
Census region
Pacific	0.3	0	1.5	97.9	0.3	330
Mountain	0	0	3	96.6	0.4	234
West North Central	0	0	1.5	97.9	0.6	335
East North Central	0	0	0.7	98.8	0.5	406
West South Central	0.6	0.6	1.9	96.5	0.3	317
East South Central	0	0	0	99.4	0.6	157
New England	0	0	0.8	99.2	0	120
Middle Atlantic	0	0	1.4	98.6	0	217
South Atlantic	0.3	0	1.6	97.9	0.3	373

Table 3.2a: Provision of advice & instructions for breastfeeding patients by facility type, size, NICU level, and region
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC) -- 2015
	How many breastfeeding patients are provided advice & instructions about breastfeeding
	Few	Some	Many	Most	Not sure	N
All	0.1	0.4	6.1	93.3	0	2487
Type of facility
Birth center	0.6	0	7.7	91.7	0	169
Government hospital	0.2	0.9	9.9	89	0	463
Non-profit hospital	0	0.2	4.7	95	0.1	1527
Private hospital	0	1.3	6.8	91.9	0	308
Military hospital	0	0	0	100	0	20
Teaching hospital
Yes	0	0	5.7	94.3	0	192
No	0	0.5	6	93.4	0	2126
Size of facility
1-249	0.2	0.5	8.1	91.2	0	571
250-499	0.2	0.9	6.5	92.4	0	460
500-999	0	0.8	5.4	93.5	0.2	479
1000-1999	0	0	5.1	94.9	0	486
2000-4999	0	0	5	95	0	441
5000 or more	0	0	6	94	0	50
Level of Neonatal Care
Healthy newborn only	0.2	0.5	6.7	92.5	0.1	1112
Level 2 special care	0	0.7	5.8	93.6	0	745
Level 3 NICU	0	0	5.6	94.4	0	540
Level 4 Regional NICU	0	0	5.6	94.4	0	90
Census region
Pacific	0	0	5.7	94.3	0	331
Mountain	0	0.4	8.1	91.5	0	234
West North Central	0	1.2	7.8	91	0	335
East North Central	0	0.5	3.4	95.8	0.2	406
West South Central	0.6	1.3	7.9	90.2	0	316
East South Central	0	0	9.6	90.4	0	157
New England	0	0	0.8	99.2	0	119
Middle Atlantic	0	0	4.2	95.8	0	216
South Atlantic	0	0	6.4	93.6	0	373

Table 3.3a: Education on infant cues to feed by facility type, size, NICU level, and region
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC) -- 2015
	How many patients are taught to recognize & respond to infant cues rather than feeding on a set schedule
	Few	Some	Many	Most	Not sure	N
All	0.1	0.9	9.4	89.4	0.2	2488
Type of facility
Birth center	0.6	0	4.1	94.7	0.6	169
Government hospital	0.2	1.9	11.9	86	0	463
Non-profit hospital	0	0.5	8.5	90.8	0.2	1527
Private hospital	0	1.9	13.3	84.8	0	309
Military hospital	0	0	10	90	0	20
Teaching hospital
Yes	0	0.5	8.3	91.1	0	192
No	0	1	10	88.8	0.1	2127
Size of facility
1-249	0.4	1.1	8.6	89.8	0.2	571
250-499	0	1.5	12.4	85.9	0.2	460
500-999	0	1.7	8.6	89.6	0.2	479
1000-1999	0	0	9	91	0	487
2000-4999	0	0.5	8.2	91.2	0.2	441
5000 or more	0	0	16	84	0	50
Level of Neonatal Care
Healthy newborn only	0.2	1.3	9.7	88.5	0.3	1112
Level 2 special care	0	0.8	9.5	89.7	0	746
Level 3 NICU	0	0.4	9.3	90.2	0.2	540
Level 4 Regional NICU	0	0	6.7	93.3	0	90
Census region
Pacific	0	0.3	8.8	90.9	0	331
Mountain	0	0	9	91	0	234
West North Central	0	2.4	11.3	86.3	0	335
East North Central	0	0.5	8.1	91.1	0.2	406
West South Central	0.3	2.5	12.7	84.2	0.3	316
East South Central	0.6	0.6	11.5	87.3	0	157
New England	0	0	1.7	98.3	0	119
Middle Atlantic	0	0	7.4	92.1	0.5	216
South Atlantic	0	0.8	10.2	88.8	0.3	374

Table 3.4a: Education on limitation to time suckling by facility type, size, NICU level, and region
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC) -- 2015
	How often are breastfeeding patients instructed to limit suckling at the breast to a specific length of time
	Rarely	Sometimes	Often	Almost always	Not sure	N
All	60.5	18.1	9	8.8	3.5	2481
Type of facility
Birth center	82.1	5.4	3.6	6.5	2.4	168
Government hospital	54.2	19.7	11.2	11.9	3	463
Non-profit hospital	62.3	18.2	8.3	7.9	3.3	1524
Private hospital	49	22.2	12.1	10.8	5.9	306
Military hospital	55	25	15	0	5	20
Teaching hospital
Yes	72.9	18.2	2.1	5.2	1.6	192
No	57.6	19.1	10.1	9.3	3.8	2121
Size of facility
1-249	54.5	16.9	11.1	13.2	4.4	569
250-499	55	20.7	8.9	11.3	4.1	460
500-999	62.4	15.9	10.4	7.3	4	479
1000-1999	63	18.1	9.5	6.8	2.7	486
2000-4999	68	19.5	5	5	2.5	437
5000 or more	70	20	4	4	2	50
Level of Neonatal Care
Healthy newborn only	57.5	17.8	10	10.6	4.1	1109
Level 2 special care	59.8	18.2	9.6	9.3	3.2	743
Level 3 NICU	64.9	18.9	7.4	5.8	3	539
Level 4 Regional NICU	75.6	17.8	2.2	1.1	3.3	90
Census region
Pacific	66.5	18.3	5.2	6.7	3.4	328
Mountain	56.7	18.5	7.3	12.9	4.7	233
West North Central	52.4	25.1	11.1	8.1	3.3	334
East North Central	63.1	17.7	7.1	8.1	3.9	406
West South Central	57.1	17.5	13.3	9.8	2.2	315
East South Central	56.1	14.6	14.6	10.8	3.8	157
New England	78	13.6	2.5	5.1	0.8	118
Middle Atlantic	64.5	17.5	6.5	7.4	4.1	217
South Atlantic	58.7	15.8	11.3	9.9	4.3	373

Table 3.5a: Directly observed breastfeeding assessments by facility type, size, NICU level, and region
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC) -- 2015
	How many breastfeeding patients receive a directly observed breastfeeding assessment
	Few	Some	Many	Most	Not sure	N
All	0	1.7	8.6	89.4	0.2	2486
Type of facility
Birth center	0	0.6	0.6	98.8	0	168
Government hospital	0	1.5	10.8	87.5	0.2	463
Non-profit hospital	0	1.6	7.8	90.4	0.2	1527
Private hospital	0.3	3.2	13.6	82.1	0.6	308
Military hospital	0	5	5	90	0	20
Teaching hospital
Yes	0	0.5	6.8	92.7	0	192
No	0	1.9	9.4	88.4	0.3	2126
Size of facility
1-249	0	1.8	7	90.9	0.4	570
250-499	0.2	1.7	8	89.6	0.4	461
500-999	0	2.1	12.1	85.6	0.2	478
1000-1999	0	1	8.9	90.1	0	485
2000-4999	0	2.3	7	90.5	0.2	442
5000 or more	0	0	8	92	0	50
Level of Neonatal Care
Healthy newborn only	0.1	1.8	8.5	89.3	0.4	1112
Level 2 special care	0	1.2	10.3	88.3	0.1	744
Level 3 NICU	0	2.2	6.5	91.1	0.2	540
Level 4 Regional NICU	0	2.2	7.8	90	0	90
Census region
Pacific	0	0.9	6.1	93	0	330
Mountain	0	1.3	10.7	87.6	0.4	234
West North Central	0.3	2.1	10.7	86.6	0.3	335
East North Central	0	1.7	4.9	93.1	0.2	406
West South Central	0	2.5	9.8	87.3	0.3	316
East South Central	0	1.9	17.2	80.3	0.6	157
New England	0	0	1.7	98.3	0	119
Middle Atlantic	0	2.3	8.3	89.4	0	217
South Atlantic	0	1.9	9.1	88.7	0.3	372

Table 3.6a: Use of a standardized breastfeeding assessment tool by facility type, size, NICU level, and region
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC) -- 2015
	Is breastfeeding assessed using a standardized or adapted assessment tool
	Yes	No	N
All	77.9	22.1	2485
Type of facility
Birth center	28	72	168
Government hospital	75.2	24.8	463
Non-profit hospital	82.4	17.6	1527
Private hospital	86	14	307
Military hospital	95	5	20
Teaching hospital
Yes	89.5	10.5	190
No	80.9	19.1	2127
Size of facility
1-249	57.9	42.1	570
250-499	72.9	27.1	462
500-999	83.9	16.1	478
1000-1999	87.4	12.6	485
2000-4999	90.9	9.1	440
5000 or more	90	10	50
Level of Neonatal Care
Healthy newborn only	67.7	32.3	1113
Level 2 special care	84.4	15.6	745
Level 3 NICU	87.3	12.7	537
Level 4 Regional NICU	94.4	5.6	90
Census region
Pacific	85.5	14.5	332
Mountain	81.6	18.4	234
West North Central	74.3	25.7	334
East North Central	78	22	404
West South Central	75.6	24.4	315
East South Central	66.7	33.3	156
New England	79	21	119
Middle Atlantic	80.3	19.7	218
South Atlantic	77.2	22.8	373

Table 3.7a: Provision of pacifiers by facility type, size, NICU level, and region
CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC) -- 2015
	How many breastfed infants are given pacifiers by facility staff
	Few	Some	Many	Most	Not sure	N
All	51.8	24.2	18.5	4.2	1.2	2487
Type of facility
Birth center	97.6	1.2	1.2	0	0	169
Government hospital	47.7	24.2	20.3	6.9	0.9	463
Non-profit hospital	50.6	25.9	18.5	3.5	1.4	1527
Private hospital	36.4	30.2	26	5.8	1.6	308
Military hospital	90	5	5	0	0	20
Teaching hospital
Yes	62	22.4	13.5	1	1	192
No	47.3	26.2	20.3	4.8	1.4	2126
Size of facility
1-249	57.2	22.3	15.4	4.2	0.9	570
250-499	42.5	26	25.6	4.8	1.1	461
500-999	44.8	27	21.8	5.4	1	478
1000-1999	53.6	23.2	18.7	3.5	1	487
2000-4999	58.3	23.8	12.2	3.4	2.3	441
5000 or more	70	18	10	0	2	50
Level of Neonatal Care
Healthy newborn only	52.9	22.8	19.2	4	1	1113
Level 2 special care	45.6	28.1	20	5	1.3	745
Level 3 NICU	54.9	23.7	15.4	4.1	1.9	539
Level 4 Regional NICU	71.1	13.3	15.6	0	0	90
Census region
Pacific	70.2	16.6	10.5	1.8	0.9	332
Mountain	46.8	27.5	15.9	7.3	2.6	233
West North Central	41.3	26.6	25.4	6	0.6	334
East North Central	44.3	29.5	20.3	4.5	1.5	404
West South Central	54.6	22.4	18	3.5	1.6	317
East South Central	32.5	29.3	28	8.3	1.9	157
New England	70.8	17.5	11.7	0	0	120
Middle Atlantic	58.3	21.1	17	2.8	0.9	218
South Atlantic	52.2	24.7	18.5	3.5	1.1	372