| Table 2.1a: Prelacteal feeds among breastfed vaginal births by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC) -- 2015 | ||||||
| What percent of healthy breastfed infants receive breast milk as first feeding after vaginal birth | ||||||
| <10% | 10-49% | 50-89% | 90% or more | N | ||
| All | 0.3 | 1.6 | 17.3 | 80.8 | 2471 | |
| Type of facility | ||||||
| Birth center | 0 | 0 | 1.2 | 98.8 | 168 | |
| Government hospital | 0.4 | 1.5 | 18.7 | 79.4 | 461 | |
| Non-profit hospital | 0.3 | 1.3 | 17.5 | 80.9 | 1516 | |
| Private hospital | 0.7 | 4.2 | 23.2 | 71.9 | 306 | |
| Military hospital | 0 | 0 | 10 | 90 | 20 | |
| Teaching hospital | ||||||
| Yes | 0 | 1.6 | 16.8 | 81.6 | 190 | |
| No | 0.4 | 1.8 | 18.6 | 79.3 | 2113 | |
| Size of facility | ||||||
| 1-249 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 11.6 | 87.2 | 562 | |
| 250-499 | 0.4 | 3 | 18 | 78.6 | 462 | |
| 500-999 | 0.6 | 2.5 | 17.6 | 79.2 | 477 | |
| 1000-1999 | 0 | 1.4 | 19.3 | 79.3 | 483 | |
| 2000-4999 | 0 | 0.7 | 21.4 | 77.9 | 439 | |
| 5000 or more | 0 | 0 | 16.7 | 83.3 | 48 | |
| Level of Neonatal Care | ||||||
| Healthy newborn only | 0.3 | 1.5 | 15.7 | 82.5 | 1103 | |
| Level 2 special care | 0.7 | 1.9 | 17.8 | 79.6 | 740 | |
| Level 3 NICU | 0 | 1.5 | 19.1 | 79.4 | 538 | |
| Level 4 Regional NICU | 0 | 1.1 | 21.1 | 77.8 | 90 | |
| Census region | ||||||
| Pacific | 0 | 0 | 10.7 | 89.3 | 327 | |
| Mountain | 0 | 1.3 | 15.9 | 82.8 | 232 | |
| West North Central | 0.3 | 0 | 19 | 80.7 | 331 | |
| East North Central | 0.2 | 0.7 | 16.2 | 82.8 | 401 | |
| West South Central | 1 | 2.9 | 22 | 74.1 | 313 | |
| East South Central | 1.3 | 4.5 | 22.3 | 72 | 157 | |
| New England | 0 | 0 | 15 | 85 | 120 | |
| Middle Atlantic | 0.5 | 0.9 | 16.6 | 82 | 217 | |
| South Atlantic | 0 | 4.3 | 18.5 | 77.2 | 373 | |
| Table 2.2a: Prelacteal feeds among breastfed Cesarean births by hospital type, size, NICU level, and region | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC) -- 2015 | |||||
| What percent of healthy breastfed infants receive breast milk as first feeding after Cesarean birth | |||||
| <10% | 10-49% | 50-89% | 90% or more | N | |
| All | 0.6 | 2.1 | 21.2 | 76.1 | 2279 |
| Type of facility | |||||
| Government hospital | 0.9 | 2.4 | 23.2 | 73.5 | 456 |
| Non-profit hospital | 0.5 | 1.5 | 19 | 79 | 1500 |
| Private hospital | 0.3 | 4.9 | 29.3 | 65.5 | 304 |
| Military hospital | 0 | 0 | 15.8 | 84.2 | 19 |
| Teaching hospital | |||||
| Yes | 0.5 | 3.2 | 21.8 | 74.5 | 188 |
| No | 0.6 | 2 | 21.1 | 76.3 | 2091 |
| Size of facility | |||||
| 1-249 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 15.6 | 81.7 | 398 |
| 250-499 | 0.4 | 4 | 23 | 72.5 | 447 |
| 500-999 | 0.6 | 2.7 | 18.8 | 77.8 | 473 |
| 1000-1999 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 23.2 | 75.5 | 478 |
| 2000-4999 | 0.2 | 1.4 | 25.3 | 73.1 | 435 |
| 5000 or more | 0 | 2.1 | 16.7 | 81.3 | 48 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | |||||
| Healthy newborn only | 0.6 | 2.7 | 19.8 | 76.9 | 925 |
| Level 2 special care | 0.5 | 1.6 | 21.8 | 76 | 730 |
| Level 3 NICU | 0.6 | 2.1 | 22.6 | 74.8 | 535 |
| Level 4 Regional NICU | 0 | 0 | 22.5 | 77.5 | 89 |
| Census region | |||||
| Pacific | 0.3 | 0.3 | 16 | 83.3 | 287 |
| Mountain | 0 | 1.5 | 22.4 | 76.1 | 201 |
| West North Central | 0.3 | 0.6 | 18.6 | 80.4 | 317 |
| East North Central | 0.8 | 1.3 | 19.6 | 78.4 | 388 |
| West South Central | 0.7 | 3.6 | 27.2 | 68.5 | 276 |
| East South Central | 1.3 | 3.9 | 25 | 69.7 | 152 |
| New England | 0 | 0 | 15 | 85 | 113 |
| Middle Atlantic | 1 | 1.4 | 24.3 | 73.3 | 210 |
| South Atlantic | 0.6 | 5.4 | 22.7 | 71.3 | 335 |
| Facilities not performing Cesareans are not included in these tabulations. | |||||
| Table 2.3a: Supplementation of breastfed infants by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC) -- 2015 | |||||
| What percent of healthy breastfed infants receive non-breast milk feedings | |||||
| <10% | 10-49% | 50-89% | 90% or more | N | |
| All | 27.4 | 53.3 | 17.2 | 2.1 | 2461 |
| Type of facility | |||||
| Birth center | 86.2 | 7.8 | 1.2 | 4.8 | 167 |
| Government hospital | 26.3 | 51 | 20.4 | 2.4 | 457 |
| Non-profit hospital | 23.5 | 58.2 | 16.7 | 1.7 | 1512 |
| Private hospital | 14.8 | 57.7 | 25.2 | 2.3 | 305 |
| Military hospital | 55 | 45 | 0 | 0 | 20 |
| Teaching hospital | |||||
| Yes | 10.6 | 56.6 | 30.7 | 2.1 | 189 |
| No | 24.3 | 56.6 | 17.3 | 1.9 | 2105 |
| Size of facility | |||||
| 1-249 | 53.1 | 34.5 | 9 | 3.4 | 565 |
| 250-499 | 28.4 | 50 | 18.8 | 2.8 | 458 |
| 500-999 | 22.1 | 60.3 | 16.1 | 1.5 | 471 |
| 1000-1999 | 16 | 64 | 19.3 | 0.6 | 481 |
| 2000-4999 | 14.2 | 59.8 | 24 | 2.1 | 438 |
| 5000 or more | 4.2 | 68.8 | 27.1 | 0 | 48 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | |||||
| Healthy newborn only | 40.3 | 44.1 | 12.7 | 2.9 | 1101 |
| Level 2 special care | 20.1 | 59.6 | 18.8 | 1.5 | 736 |
| Level 3 NICU | 14.2 | 61.4 | 23.1 | 1.3 | 536 |
| Level 4 Regional NICU | 8 | 65.9 | 25 | 1.1 | 88 |
| Census region | |||||
| Pacific | 38.4 | 48.2 | 10.7 | 2.7 | 328 |
| Mountain | 34.8 | 50.2 | 11.2 | 3.9 | 233 |
| West North Central | 35.5 | 52.7 | 10.9 | 0.9 | 330 |
| East North Central | 24.2 | 57.9 | 16.7 | 1.2 | 401 |
| West South Central | 20.5 | 54.2 | 23.7 | 1.6 | 312 |
| East South Central | 14.7 | 50 | 30.1 | 5.1 | 156 |
| New England | 39.3 | 47.9 | 10.3 | 2.6 | 117 |
| Middle Atlantic | 16.7 | 55.6 | 25.5 | 2.3 | 216 |
| South Atlantic | 23.1 | 56.3 | 19.6 | 1.1 | 368 |
| Table 2.4a: Use of glucose water and/or water among breastfed infants by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC) -- 2015 | |||
| Do healthy breastfed infants receive glucose water and/or water | |||
| Yes | No | N | |
| All | 9.1 | 90.9 | 2394 |
| Type of facility | |||
| Birth center | 4.4 | 95.6 | 160 |
| Government hospital | 15.5 | 84.5 | 446 |
| Non-profit hospital | 7.1 | 92.9 | 1478 |
| Private hospital | 11.9 | 88.1 | 293 |
| Military hospital | 5.9 | 94.1 | 17 |
| Teaching hospital | |||
| Yes | 0.5 | 99.5 | 186 |
| No | 10.2 | 89.8 | 2048 |
| Size of facility | |||
| 1-249 | 14.3 | 85.7 | 544 |
| 250-499 | 14 | 86 | 443 |
| 500-999 | 9.6 | 90.4 | 460 |
| 1000-1999 | 5.3 | 94.7 | 474 |
| 2000-4999 | 1.9 | 98.1 | 427 |
| 5000 or more | 0 | 100 | 46 |
| Level of Neonatal Care | |||
| Healthy newborn only | 13.3 | 86.7 | 1064 |
| Level 2 special care | 7.7 | 92.3 | 723 |
| Level 3 NICU | 3.5 | 96.5 | 520 |
| Level 4 Regional NICU | 1.1 | 98.9 | 87 |
| Census region | |||
| Pacific | 6 | 94 | 315 |
| Mountain | 5.3 | 94.7 | 225 |
| West North Central | 12.5 | 87.5 | 321 |
| East North Central | 8.1 | 91.9 | 395 |
| West South Central | 12.2 | 87.8 | 303 |
| East South Central | 19.3 | 80.7 | 150 |
| New England | 1.8 | 98.2 | 114 |
| Middle Atlantic | 5.6 | 94.4 | 213 |
| South Atlantic | 9.5 | 90.5 | 358 |